The effect of Adrenaline upon Cardiovascular and Metabolic Functions in Man

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Fellows ◽  
T. Bennett ◽  
I. A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Circulatory Effects ◽  
Solution Saline ◽  
And Control

1. On three separate occasions, at least 1 week apart, seven young healthy male subjects received intravenous infusions of either adrenaline, 50 ng min−1 kg−1 (high A), adrenaline, 10 ng min−1 kg−1 (low A) or sodium chloride solution (saline :154 mmol of NaCl/1) plus ascorbic acid, 1 mg/ml (control), over 30 min. 2. Venous adrenaline concentrations of 2.19 ± 0.15 nmol/l, 0.73 ± 0.08 nmol/l and 0.15 ± 0.03 nmol/l were achieved during the high A, low A and control infusions respectively. 3. Heart rate rose significantly by 19 ± 3 beats/min (high A) and by 6 ± 1 beats/min (low A). Heart rate remained significantly elevated 30 min after cessation of the high A infusion, despite venous plasma adrenaline concentration having fallen to control levels. 4. The diastolic blood pressure fell during the high A and low A infusions, but the systolic blood pressure rose only during the high A infusion. 5. Vasodilatation occurred in the calf vascular bed during both high A and low A infusions. The changes in hand blood flow and hand vascular resistance were not statistically significant, although there was a tendency to vasoconstriction during the infusion of adrenaline. 6. Metabolic rate rose significantly by 23.5 ± 1.8% (high A) and by 11.8 ± 1.6% (low A). Metabolic rate remained elevated between 15 and 30 min after termination of the high A infusion. There was an initial transient increase in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during the adrenaline infusions. During the later stages of the adrenaline infusions and after their cessation, RER fell, probably reflecting increased fat oxidation. 7. Blood glucose, glycerol and lactate concentrations all rose significantly during the high A infusion, but only the blood glycerol concentration rose during the low A infusion. Plasma potassium concentration fell during and after the high A infusion but only after cessation of the low A infusion. 8. When adrenaline was infused intravenously at rates that elevated the plasma adrenaline concentration within the physiological range, peripheral circulatory effects were observed similar to those previously described for larger doses of adrenaline. The persistent tachycardia noted after stopping the high A infusion may, at least in part, have been a consequence of the concomitantly elevated metabolic rate.

Blood pressure, heart rate, and adrenal catecholamines prior to ventricular fibrillation

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel M. Bass ◽  
Vincent V. Glaviano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Acute Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Before And After

Heart rate, mean blood pressure, adrenal blood flow, and adrenal plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were compared before and after ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery in dogs anesthetized with chloralose. One group of 12 dogs responded to acute coronary occlusion with a sudden and marked decrease in mean blood pressure (mean, 31%) and heart rate (mean, 18%) followed by an early onset (mean, 227 sec) of ventricular fibrillation. Another group of nine dogs responded with slight decreases in mean blood pressure (mean, 13%) and heart rate (mean, 5%), during which time ventricular fibrillation occurred late (mean, 30 min) or not at all. While the two groups were statistically different in mean blood pressure and heart rate, the minute output of adrenal catecholamines in either group was not found to be related to the early or late occurrence of ventricular fibrillation.

scholarly journals The cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal changes accompanying acute starvation in men and women

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Webber ◽  
I. A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Acute Starvation

The effect of fasting for 12, 36 and 72 h was studied in twenty-nine healthy subjects (seventeen women and twelve men). Measurements were made of cardiovascular variables, metabolic rate, respiratory exchange ratio, plasma metabolites, insulin, thyroid hormones and catecholamines. During starvation there were no significant changes in blood pressure, whilst heart rate (beatslmin) increased at 36 h and remained elevated after 72 h (12 h 625 (SE 1.8), 36 h 68.0 (SE 1.9), 72 h 69 2 (SE 1.8);P< 0.001). Forearm blood flow(FBF),increased progressively from 3.32 (SE 0.20) to 6.21(SE0.46) m1/100 ml per min (P< 0.001). Resting metabolic rate (kJ/min) was significantly increased after 36 h of starvation (12 h 4 60 (SE 0.14), 36 h 4 88 (SE 0.13),P< 0.001), but was not significantly different from the 12 h value after 72 h (72 h 4.72(SE0.15)P= 0.06). The respiratory exchange ratio fell progressively from 0.80 to 076 to 0.72 (P< 0.001). Blood glucose fell, whilst plasma glycerol and β-hydroxybutyrate rose and plasma lactate did not change. Plasma insulin and free triiodothyronine fell during starvation. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were unchanged at 36 h, but were significantly increased after 72 h. Both sexes showed a similar pattern of response to starvation, although absolute values of blood pressure, forearm blood flow, metabolic rate and plasma catecholamines were higher in men than women. Acute starvation produces profound cardiovascular and metabolic changes which are not explained by the accompanying hormonal changes.

Cardiovascular and Autonomic Reflexes in Haemodialysis Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Naik ◽  
C. J. Mathias ◽  
C. A. Wilson ◽  
J. L. Reid ◽  
D. J. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
And Control ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to head-up tilt, standing, the Valsalva manoeuvre, sustained handgrip and cutaneous cold were measured in 27 haemodialysis patients (10 of whom had episodes of haemodialysis-induced hypotension) and 15 control subjects to assess autonomic nervous function. Plasma nor-adrenaline levels were measured at rest and during head-up tilt. 2. Mean resting supine blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline levels were higher in haemodialysis patients than in the control subjects. There was no fall in blood pressure during head-up tilt or standing. The ratio of the R-R intervals of the thirtieth and the fifteenth heart beat after standing (30: 15) was lower in the patients; this may be related to their higher resting heart rate. Head-up tilt raised plasma noradrenaline levels in both groups. Heart rate responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre were similar in the patients and control subjects. 3. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate responses to sustained handgrip were similar in both groups. Diastolic and mean blood pressure changes, however, were lower in the patients. The blood pressure and heart rate responses to cutaneous cold were similar in the patients and control subjects. 4. We conclude that generalized autonomic nervous dysfunction does not appear to cause haemodialysis-induced hypotension in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis.

Circulatory and Respiratory Changes during Unilateral and Bilateral Cranial Nerve IX and X Block in Two Asthmatics

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Eisele ◽  
Sushil K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Hypoxic Ventilatory Response ◽  
Circulatory Effects ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

1. The respiratory and circulatory effects of bilateral block of the IXth and Xth cranial nerves (IX and X) with local anaesthetic were studied in two subjects with obstructive airways disease (asthma). 2. In one subject bilateral block of IX and X decreased alveolar ventilation as evidenced by a rise in Pa,co2 and a fall in Pa,o2. There was no apparent ventilatory change in the other subject. The lung volumes (ERV and FRC) were unaffected by the block; however, the forced vital capacity and 1 s forced expired volume were slightly improved in both subjects. 3. During bilateral IX and X block neither subject showed a ventilatory response after 3 min of breathing 8·7% O2 in 91·3% N2. In one subject during a left-sided IX and X block, there was a normal hypoxic-ventilatory increase, whereas during a right-sided IX and X block the hypoxic-ventilatory response was slightly less than normal. 4. Unilateral IX and X block in both subjects produced tachycardia and hypertension which was approximately one half the increased heart rate and blood pressure that followed bilateral IX and X blockade. 5. Unlike the control responses, breathing 8·7% O2 in 91·3% N2 during bilateral IX and X block produced no change in heart rate and there was a continuous fall in the systemic blood pressure. The pulmonary arterial pressure, however, increased in response to hypoxia in the same manner as before the block.

Effects of opioid antagonism on the haemodynamic and hormonal responses to exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Staessen ◽  
Roberto Fiocchi ◽  
Roger Bouillon ◽  
Robert Fagard ◽  
Peter Hespel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

1. Physical effort involves, along with an increase in the plasma concentration of β-endorphin, profound adaptations of the circulation and the endocrine system. The effects of opioid antagonism on the responses of blood pressure, heart rate and several hormones to exercise were therefore studied in 10 normal men. They exercised in the supine position up to 33% and 66% of their maximal exercise capacity and received in a randomized double-blind cross-over protocol, either saline or naloxone (10 mg intravenously, followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/h). 2. Intra-arterial pressure and heart rate were continuously monitored, but were not affected by naloxone. 3. At rest, opioid antagonism produced a rise in plasma renin activity and in plasma adrenocorticotropin, Cortisol and aldosterone, but only the stimulation of the two adrenocortical hormones differed significantly from the control experiments; at rest naloxone also prevented the fall in plasma adrenaline, which occurred with saline infusion. Furthermore, the exercise-induced rises in plasma angiotensin II, aldosterone, Cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline were higher on naloxone than on saline, while a similar tendency was also present for the increases with exercise in plasma renin activity and plasma adrenocorticotropin. Neither at rest nor during exercise did opioid antagonism alter plasma lactate and glucose and serum insulin and growth hormone. 4. In conclusion, (1) endogenous opioids are not involved in the responses of blood pressure and heart rate to supine exercise; (2) at rest and during exercise, the endogenous opioids inhibit the secretion of adrenocorticotropin, aldosterone, Cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline; (3) they also inhibit the plasma renin-angiotensin II system indirectly via the catecholamines.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of trimetazidine treatment for cardiomyopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Fan ◽  
Zhaozhuo Niu ◽  
Liqing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
And Control

To explore the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) in cardiomyopathy treatment. Literatures, related with TMZ treatment for cardiomyopathy, were retrieved between 1990 and February 2018 in the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library systems. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing [resting heart rate (RHR), peak heart rate (PHR), peak systolic blood pressure (PSBP), and resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP)] and echocardiographic results [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), systolic wall thickening score index (SWTSI), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)] were merged to detect the publication bias. Total 898 patients with cardiomyopathy were divided into two groups: TMZ-treated group (n=456) and control group (n=442). There was no difference in the improvement of cardiomyopathy between the TMZ and control group. No publication bias was shown for PHR (t= 0.9791, P=0.5067). There were significant differences in LVEF, LVESV, SWTSI, LVESD, and LVEDD between the TMZ group and the control group. TMZ-treatment significantly increased the level of LVEF (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.46–7.84, P<0.001), and reduced the level of LVESV (95% CI: −18.73 to −7.77, P<0.001), SWTSI (95% CI: −0.47 to −0.15, Z = −3.85, P=0.001), LVESD (95% CI: −1.09 to −0.08, P<0.001), and LVEDD (95% CI: −0.55 to −0.26, P=0.023). There was no publication bias except for LVEDV (t = 2.5456, P=0.0438). TMZ is effective for cardiomyopathy treatment and worth to popularize in clinic.

Effects of nitroglycerin on liquid gastric emptying and antropyloroduodenal motility

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. G1173-G1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-M. Sun ◽  
S. Doran ◽  
K. L. Jones ◽  
E. Ooi ◽  
G. Boeckxstaens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Male Subjects

The effects of the nitric oxide donor nitroglycerin on gastric emptying and antropyloroduodenal motility were evaluated in nine healthy male subjects (ages 19–36 yr). Antropyloroduodenal pressures were recorded with a manometric assembly that had nine side holes spanning the antrum and proximal duodenum and a pyloric sleeve sensor; gastric emptying was quantified scintigraphically. In each subject, the emptying of 300 ml of 25% glucose labeled with99mTc was assessed on two separate days during intravenous infusion of either nitroglycerin (5 μg/min in 5% dextrose) or 5% dextrose (control). Studies were performed with the subject in the supine position; blood pressure and heart rate were monitored. Nitroglycerin had no significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate. Nitroglycerin slowed gastric emptying ( P < 0.02), and this was associated with greater retention of the drink in the proximal stomach ( P < 0.05). In both nitroglycerin and control studies, ingestion of the drink was associated with an increase in the number of isolated pyloric pressure waves ( P < 0.05) and antral pressure wave sequences ( P < 0.05). Nitroglycerin reduced the number of isolated pyloric pressure waves ( P < 0.05), basal pyloric pressure ( P < 0.05), and the number of antral pressure wave sequences ( P < 0.05), but not the total number of antral pressure waves. The rate of gastric emptying and the number of isolated pyloric pressure waves were inversely related during control ( P = 0.03) and nitroglycerin ( P < 0.05) infusions. We conclude that in normal subjects, 1) gastric emptying of 300 ml of 25% glucose is inversely related to the frequency of phasic pyloric pressure waves, and 2) nitroglycerin in a dose of 5 μg/min inhibits pyloric motility, alters the organization but not the number of antral pressure waves, and slows gastric emptying and intragastric distribution of 25% glucose.

Reproducibility of haemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses to isometric exercise and mental arithmetic in normo- and hyper-tensive subjects

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Lenders ◽  
Harry Houben ◽  
Rudolf Van Valderen ◽  
Jacques Willemsen ◽  
Theo Thien
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. To determine the reproducibility of a mental arithmetic stress test and a handgrip exercise test, we studied the responses of blood pressure, heart rate, forearm blood flow and plasma catecholamines on two occasions, with an interval of at least 1 week, in 24 normotensive and 22 hypertensive subjects. 2. The se of a single observation of the percentage changes of blood pressure ranged from 3.9 to 9.3% in normotensive subjects and from 3.9 to 7.4% in hypertensive subjects in both tests. For heart rate, these values were 4.9–12.3% in the normotensive subjects and 4.8–5.7% in the hypertensive subjects. However, there was a wide individual scatter of these haemodynamic responses during both tests. The forearm blood flow, only measured during mental arithmetic, had an se of a single observation of 33.7%. 3. In 10 normotensive subjects the se of a single observation of the change in plasma noradrenaline was 0.16 nmol/l during handgrip exercise and 0.09 nmol/l during mental arithmetic. The corresponding values for plasma adrenaline were 0.04 and 0.05 nmol/l. 4. In conclusion, although both tests showed a rather low se of a single observation for the blood pressure and heart rate responses in normo- and hyper-tensive subjects, there was a considerable individual variability. If related to the mean forearm blood flow responses, the se of a single observation of the forearm blood flow response was of similar magnitude. The limited intra-individual reproducibility of both tests should be borne in mind when interpreting pharmacological intervention studies or studies evaluating sympathoadrenal reactivity in cardiovascular disorders.

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