Muscle strength in the triceps surae and objectively measured customary walking activity in men and women over 65 years of age

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bassey ◽  
M. J. Bendall ◽  
M. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Voluntary Strength ◽  
Made In

1. Objective measurements of the maximal voluntary strength of triceps surae and the amount and speed of customary walking have been made in 56 men and 66 women aged over 65 years, who were living independently. 2. Strength was measured using a dynamometer based upon a hydraulic system (Bourdon tube). Walking was assessed, for amount using a mechanical accelerometer (pedometer) over a week, and for speed using a self-paced test for normal walking over 100 m on the level. The reliability and validity of these methods has been described. 3. The men were significantly stronger (1128 ± 206 vs 873 ± 177 N) even after adjustment for body weight; their amount of walking was similar to that of women, but they walked significantly faster (4.8 ±0.6 vs 4.2 ±0.6 km/h). Men were significantly more active in leisure pursuits (as assessed by questionnaire). 4. Significant associations between strength and chosen normal walking speed were found for both sexes (r = 0.41, P < 0.001 for men and r = 0.36, P < 0.01 for women). The amount of walking (daily stepscore as a mean from 7 consecutive days recorded) was significantly but less strongly correlated with strength (r = 0.30, P < 0.05) in the men only. 5. Multiple regression analysis showed that in men neither age nor amount of walking had any further effect in addition to speed, but in women age had an additional effect (multiple R = 0.48). 6. An association has been demonstrated which raises the possibility of reversing loss of muscle strength through increased daily activity.

Evaluating the Short form of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale in New Zealand Adolescents

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 950-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciano L. Milfont ◽  
Sally Merry ◽  
Elizabeth Robinson ◽  
Simon Denny ◽  
Sue Crengle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability and validity of the short form of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS-SF). Method: A sample of 9567 randomly selected New Zealand secondary school students participated in the Youth2000 Health and Wellbeing Survey that included the full-length version of the RADS. The reliability and validity of the subset of items that make up the RADS-SF and its comparability to the original version were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, kappa statistics, correlations between the two versions of the instrument, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation to other questions in the survey considered likely to be associated with depression. Results: The RADS-SF had Cronbach's alpha of 0.88, was strongly correlated (0.95) to the RADS, had acceptable fit for the data (χ2=2823.27, df=35, comparative fit index=0.96, root mean square error of approximation=0.092, 90% confidence interval=0.089–0.095, standardized root mean square residual=0.042), showed configural invariance across gender, age and ethnic groups, and was strongly correlated with other depression-related questions, such as suicidal ideation (r=0.48). While the overall agreement for classification of depression by the two scores was good (κ=0.75), a higher percentage of students were classified as having depressive symptoms using the recommended RADS-SF cut-off point of 26 compared with the RADS criteria. Conclusions: The RADS-SF was found to have acceptable reliability and validity and to have psychometric properties comparable to the RADS in a large population of New Zealand adolescents.

scholarly journals The effect of medial arch support over the plantar pressure and triceps surae muscle strength after prolonged standing

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hindun Saadah ◽  
Deswaty Furqonita ◽  
Angela Tulaar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Arch Support

Background: The activity with prolonged standing position is one of the causes of abnormalities in the lower leg and foot. The aim of this study is to discover the effect of medial arch support over the distribution of plantar pressure when standing and walking.Methods: This was an experimental study with pre- and post-design the strength of triceps surae muscle after prolonged standing, was also evaluated in an experimental study with pre- and post-design. Variables of plantar pressure measurement are the contact area and pressure peak were measured by using the Mat-scan tool. The measurement of the triceps surae muscle strength was done with a hand-held dynamometer, before and after using the medial arch support. Measurement was performed before and after working with prolonged standing position which took place about seven hours using the medial arch support inserted in the shoes. Data was analyzed using paired T-test.Results: There was a significant difference of peak pressure between standing (p = 0.041) and walking (p = 0.001). Whereas the contact area showed a significant decrease in the width of the contact area when standing (104.12 ± 12.42 vs 99.08 ± 10.21 p = 0.023). Whereas, the triceps surae muscle strength pre- and post-standing prolonged did not indicate a significant difference.Conclusion: There was decrease in peak pressure when standing and walking and decrease in contact area when standing on plantar after used of the medial arch support after prolonged standing.

Reliability and validity of a custom-made instrument including a hand-held dynamometer for measuring trunk muscle strength

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Jubany ◽  
Albert Busquets ◽  
Michel Marina ◽  
Francesc Cos ◽  
Rosa Angulo-Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscle Strength ◽  
Custom Made

The Application Study of Accumulator Used in Hydraulic System of 20MN Fast Forging Machine

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 870-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Qiang Dai ◽  
Sheng Dun Zhao ◽  
Xiao Mei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Pressure Pulsation ◽  
Test System ◽  
Hydraulic Shock ◽  
Application Study ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Forging Press ◽  
Made In

Based on the description of 20MN fast forging press hydraulic system, the paper analyzed the possibility of energy conservation which the accumulator made in the fast forging machine system. When accumulator was used in fast forging machine, then analyzed the calculation results, and the energy conservation program of fast forging machine energy accumulator was evaluated briefly. The test system was set up on 20MN fast forging machine, and the paper researched the application of accumulator in fast forging press hydraulic system on absorbing hydraulic shock and eliminating pressure pulsation.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term athletic training on muscle morphology and tendon stiffness in preadolescence: association with jump performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 2715-2727
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Pentidis ◽  
Falk Mersmann ◽  
Sebastian Bohm ◽  
Erasmia Giannakou ◽  
Nickos Aggelousis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Pennation Angle ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Tendon Stiffness ◽  
Jumping Performance

Abstract Purpose Evidence on training-induced muscle hypertrophy during preadolescence is limited and inconsistent. Possible associations of muscle strength and tendon stiffness with jumping performance are also not investigated. We investigated the thickness and pennation angle of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle (GM), as indicators for potential muscle hypertrophy in preadolescent athletes. Further, we examined the association of triceps surae muscle–tendon properties with jumping performance. Methods Eleven untrained children (9 years) and 21 similar-aged artistic gymnastic athletes participated in the study. Muscle thickness and pennation angle of the GM were measured at rest and muscle strength of the plantar flexors and Achilles tendon stiffness during maximum isometric contractions. Jumping height in squat (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ) was examined using a force plate. We evaluated the influence of normalised muscle strength and tendon stiffness on jumping performance with a linear regression model. Results Muscle thickness and pennation angle did not differ significantly between athletes and non-athletes. In athletes, muscle strength was greater by 25% and jumping heights by 36% (SJ) and 43% (CMJ), but Achilles tendon stiffness did not differ between the two groups. The significant predictor for both jump heights was tendon stiffness in athletes and normalised muscle strength for the CMJ height in non-athletes. Conclusion Long-term artistic gymnastics training during preadolescence seems to be associated with increased muscle strength and jumping performance but not with training-induced muscle hypertrophy or altered tendon stiffness in the plantar flexors. Athletes benefit more from tendon stiffness and non-athletes more from muscle strength for increased jumping performance.

scholarly journals Measurement of Muscle Thickness as Quantitative Muscle Evaluation for Adults With Severe Cerebral Palsy

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1231-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Ohata ◽  
Tadao Tsuboyama ◽  
Noriaki Ichihashi ◽  
Satosi Minami
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Muscle Spasticity

Abstract Background and Purpose. The muscle strength of people with severe cerebral palsy (CP) is difficult to quantify because of cognitive and selective motor control problems. However, if muscle strength is related to muscle atrophy caused by activity limitation, quantitative morphological analysis such as analysis of muscle thickness (MTH), measured by ultrasound imaging, may be used to examine the muscle condition in daily use. The primary purpose of this investigation was to clarify the difference in MTH of several muscles by the motor functions used in daily activity in adults with CP with different levels of severity of involvement. The secondary purpose was to examine whether MTH is associated with age, body characteristics, and muscle spasticity. Subjects. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 25 adults with severe CP. Methods. The MTH of the biceps brachii (BB), quadriceps femoris (QF), triceps surae (TS), and longissimus (LO) muscles was measured with an ultrasound imaging device. The severity of the condition was classified with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and functional status in sitting and standing was evaluated with a questionnaire administered to the staff assisting in the care of the subjects. Muscle spasticity was assessed with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Results. The MTH of the QF, LO, and TS showed significant differences according to the GMFCS level, and the MTH of the QF and LO differed significantly depending on functional status during activities of daily living. Age and body mass index showed no significant correlation with the MTH of any muscle. Body weight was correlated with the MTH of the BB and LO. The girth of the extremity was correlated only with the MTH of the BB. There was no relationship between MTH and MAS scores. Discussion and Conclusion. These results suggest that the MTH of the QF and LO differed significantly depending on the subjects' motor function during daily activity. The measurement of MTH may be an alternative method of quantitative muscle evaluation for people with severe CP for whom direct measurement of muscle strength is difficult. [Ohata K, Tsuboyama T, Ichihashi N, Minami S. Measurement of muscle thickness as quantitative muscle evaluation for adults with severe cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2006;86:1231–1239.]

Reliability and Validity of Cervical Range of Motion and Muscle Strength Testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1087-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kubas ◽  
Yi-Wen Chen ◽  
Silvana Echeverri ◽  
Stephanie L. McCann ◽  
Marcia J. Denhoed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Cervical Range Of Motion

Motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Reliability and validity of four measurement techniques

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Hopson ◽  
TG McPoil ◽  
MW Cornwall
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Static Measurement ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Joint Reliability

The purpose of this study was to first determine the intra-rater reliability of four different static measurement procedures used to assess first metatarsophalangeal joint extension range of motion and, second, determine which of the four static procedures provided a valid measure of the amount of first metatarsophalangeal joint extension required for normal walking. Twenty healthy adult subjects between the ages of 21 and 43 years participated in the study. Four static techniques were evaluated and dynamic first metatarsophalangeal joint extension was also determined from video recordings during walking. The results indicate that 1) all static measurement techniques were reliable; 2) the degree of first metatarsophalangeal joint extension obtained for each of the four static measurement techniques exceeded the amount of first metatarsophalangeal joint extension required for walking; 3) although each of the static measurement techniques was reliable, they should not be considered interchangeable; and 4) approximately 65 degrees of first metatarsophalangeal joint extension are required for normal walking.

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