Effects of smoking and abstention from smoking on fibrinogen synthesis in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty A. HUNTER ◽  
Peter J. GARLICK ◽  
Iain BROOM ◽  
Susan E. ANDERSON ◽  
Margaret A. McNURLAN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Metabolic Mechanism

Cigarette smoking and hyperfibrinogenaemia are both significant risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Two studies are described here which aimed to establish the metabolic mechanism responsible for the raised plasma fibrinogen concentration observed in smokers. Chronic smokers had a significantly elevated absolute rate of fibrinogen synthesis (ASR) compared with non-smokers (22.7±1.3 mg/kg per day versus 16.0±1.3 mg/kg per day; means±S.E.M., P < 0.01), with plasma levels of fibrinogen significantly correlated with fibrinogen synthesis (r = 0.65, P = 0.04). Unlike fibrinogen, plasma albumin concentrations were lower in smokers than in non-smokers (45±0.4 versus 47±0.7 g/l, P < 0.05), but there was no difference in rates of albumin synthesis between the two groups. Two weeks cessation from smoking by previously chronic smokers was associated with a rapid and marked fall in plasma fibrinogen concentration (from 3.06±0.11 g/l to 2.49±0.14 g/l, P < 0.001), and a significant reduction in ASR (a 33% reduction, from 24.1±1.7 to 16.1±1.0 mg/kg per day, P < 0.001). These studies suggest a primary role for increased synthesis in producing the hyperfibrinogenaemia associated with smoking. Moreover, abstention from smoking for a period of only 2 weeks induces a significant decrease in the rate of fibrinogen synthesis by the liver, with a concomitant reduction in the plasma fibrinogen concentration.

scholarly journals Assessment of the risk of permanent stoma after low anterior resection in rectal cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zeman ◽  
Marek Czarnecki ◽  
Andrzej Chmielarz ◽  
Adam Idasiak ◽  
Maciej Grajek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rectal Resection ◽  
Loop Ileostomy ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Permanent Stoma ◽  
Anterior Rectal Resection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: One of the most severe complications of low anterior rectal resection is anastomotic leakage (AL). The creation of a loop ileostomy (LI) reduces the prevalence of AL requiring surgical intervention. However, up to one-third of temporary stomas may never be closed.The first aim of the study was to perform a retrospective assessment of the impact of LI on the risk of permanent stoma (PS) and symptomatic AL. The second aim of the study was to assess preoperative PS risk factors in patients with LI.Methods: A total of 286 consecutive patients who underwent low anterior rectal resection were subjected to retrospective analysis. In 101 (35.3%) patients, diverting LI was performed due to low anastomosis, while in the remaining 185 (64.7%) patients, no ileostomy was performed. LIs were reversed after adjuvant treatment. Analyses of the effect of LI on symptomatic AL and PS were performed. Among the potential risk factors for PS, clinical factors and the values ​​of selected peripheral blood parameters were analysed.Results: PS occurred in 37.6% and 21.1% of the patients with LI and without LI, respectively (p <0.01). Symptomatic ALs were significantly more common in patients without LI. In this group, symptomatic ALs occurred in 23.8% of patients, while in the LI group, they occurred in 5% of patients (p <0.001). In the LI group, the only significant risk factor for PS in the multivariate analysis was preoperative plasma fibrinogen concentration (OR = 1.007, 97.5% CI 1.002-1.013, p = 0.013).Conclusions: Although protective LI may reduce the incidence of symptomatic AL, it can be related to a higher risk of PS in this group of patients. The preoperative plasma fibrinogen concentration can be a risk factor for PS in LI patients and may be a useful variable in decision-making models.

scholarly journals Assessment of the risk of permanent stoma after low anterior resection in rectal cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zeman ◽  
Marek Czarnecki ◽  
Andrzej Chmielarz ◽  
Adam Idasiak ◽  
Maciej Grajek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anterior Resection ◽  
Low Anterior Resection ◽  
Loop Ileostomy ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Permanent Stoma ◽  
Preoperative Serum ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundOne of the most severe complications of low anterior resection is anastomotic leakage (AL). The creation of a loop ileostomy (LI) reduces the frequency of AL requiring surgical intervention, but up to one-third of temporary stomas may never be closed.The first aim of the study is to perform a retrospective assessment of the impact of LI on the risk of permanent stoma (PS) and symptomatic AL. The second aim of the study is to assess preoperative PS risk factors in patients with LI.MethodsA total of 286 consecutive patients who underwent low anterior resection were subjected to retrospective analysis. In 101 (35.3%) patients, diverting LI was performed due to low anastomosis, while in the remaining 185 (64.7%) patients, no ileostomy was performed. LIs were reversed after adjuvant treatment. Analyses of the effect of LI on symptomatic AL and PS were performed. Among the potential risk factors for PS, clinical factors and values ​​of selected peripheral blood parameters were analysed.ResultsPS occurred in 37.6% and 21.1% of the patients with LI and without LI, respectively (p <0.01). Symptomatic ALs were significantly more common in patients without LI. In this group, symptomatic ALs occurred in 23.8% of patients, while in the LI group, they occurred in 5% of patients (p <0.001). In the LI group, the only significant risk factor for PS in multivariate analysis was preoperative plasma fibrinogen concentration (OR = 1.008, 97.5% CI 1.003-1.014, p = 0.003).ConclusionsProtective LI significantly reduces the incidence of symptomatic AL, but a higher risk of PS is observed in this group of patients. The preoperative serum fibrinogen concentration is a risk factor for PS in LI patients and may be a helpful variable in decision models.

Some Factors Influencing Metabolism and Distribution of Fibrinogen in Man and Rabbits

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsiang Chen ◽  
E. B Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Fractional Catabolic Rate ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Healthy Females ◽  
Made In

SummaryTo shed some light on the homeostatic regulation of plasma fibrinogen, metabolic studies were made in healthy females, and in normal, thyroidectomized, and thyroxine-treated rabbits. In females, compared with normal males, plasma fibrinogen concentration, plasma and interstitial fibrinogen decreased consequent to an increased fractional catabolic rate and a normal fibrinogen synthesis rate. The interstitial/plasma fibrinogen ratio remained unchanged. In normal rabbits, with increasing body weight fractional catabolic rate and catabolic rate decreased, while fibrinogen concentration and plasma fibrinogen remained constant owing to a simultaneous decrease in fibrinogen synthesis. In addition, fractional transcapillary transfer rate and transcapillary flux also decreased resulting in a shrinkage of interstitial fibrinogen. Thyroidectomy and thyroxine-injection markedly altered fibrinogen metabolism: thyroid hormone accelerated fibrinogen catabolism but also stimulated synthesis. The net result was an increase in plasma fibrinogen and fibrinogen concentration. The interstitial/plasma fibrinogen ratio decreased in thyroxine-treated, and increased in thyroidectomized animals. This study defines the variations of the fibrinogen system parameters in these physiologic and pathologic conditions, and illustrates some patterns of alterations in fibrinogen metabolism.

Factors Regulating Plasma Protein Synthesis IV. Influence of Fragments D and E on Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Bocci ◽  
T Conti ◽  
M Muscettola ◽  
A Pacini ◽  
G. P Pessina
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration

SummaryRabbit fibrinogen digest products (FDP) have been separated by Pevikon block electrophoresis yielding fragments D, E and other unidentified FDP.The fragments were injected into rabbits. Surprisingly, as little as 4.3 mg of fragment D elicited a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen concentration 24 hr after injection. The stimulating activity of fragment D is at least 10-fold higher than that of fragment E.

Venous Thromboembolism and High Grade Gliomas

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S Dhami ◽  
Robert D Bona ◽  
John A Calogero ◽  
Richard M Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

SummaryA retrospective study was done to determine the incidence of and the risk factors predisposing to clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients treated for high grade gliomas. Medical records of 68 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated at Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center from January 1986 to June 1991 were reviewed. The follow up was to time of death or at least 6 months (up to December 1991). All clinically suspected episodes of VTE were confirmed by objective tests. Sixteen episodes of VTE were detected in 13 patients for an overall episode rate of 23.5%. Administration of chemotherapy (p = 0.027, two tailed Fisher exact test) and presence of paresis (p = 0.031, two tailed Fisher exact test) were statistically significant risk factors for the development of VTE. Thrombotic events were more likely to occur in the paretic limb and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.00049, chi square test, with Yates correction). No major bleeding complications were seen in the nine episodes treated with long term anticoagulation.We conclude that venous thromboembolic complications are frequently encountered in patients being treated for high grade gliomas and the presence of paresis and the administration of chemotherapy increases the risk of such complications.

Bovine Platelet Proteins

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Łopaciuk ◽  
N. O Solum
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Precipitin Line ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Platelet Proteins

Summary1. The protein composition of bovine platelet extracts has been investigated by immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. The information obtained is discussed as a basis for study on platelet fibrinogen.2. With antiserum to platelet proteins 11 precipitin lines were observed 3 of which corresponded electrophoretically to plasma albumin, fibrinogen and γ-globulin. These lines were not seen using the same antiserum absorbed with bovine plasma. The 8 additional lines were still present indicating that they represented specific platelet components. Antiserum to plasma produced the 3 above-mentioned lines, but no others.3. With antiserum to purified bovine plasma fibrinogen 3 precipitin lines were observed. The fibrinogen line was the dominant one. The 2 additional lines did not disappear by absorption of the antiserum with bovine serum nor by incubation of the extracts with thrombin. The latter treatment totally removed the fibrinogen line.4. A non-fibrinogen precipitin line, observed only with the antiserum to platelet extract and positioned in the β2-globulin region, disappeared by the incubation of platelet extracts with thrombin.

A Six Year Prospective Study of Fibrinogen and Other Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Stable Claudicants

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Banerjee ◽  
J Pearson ◽  
E L Gilliland ◽  
D Goss ◽  
J D Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Past History ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Probability Of Death

SummaryA total of 333 patients with stable intermittent claudication at recruitment were followed up for 6 years to determine risk factors associated with subsequent mortality. Cardiovascular diseases were the underlying cause of death in 78% of the 114 patients who died. The strongest independent predictor of death during the follow-up period was the plasma fibrinogen level, an increase of 1 g/l being associated with a nearly two-fold increase in the probability of death within the next 6 years. Age, low ankle/brachial pressure index and a past history of myocardial infarction also increased the probability of death during the study period. The plasma fibrinogen level is a valuable index of those patients with stable intermittent claudication at high risk of early mortality. The results also provide further evidence for the involvement of fibrinogen in the pathogenesis of arterial disease.

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