Glutamine attenuates post-traumatic glutathione depletion in human muscle

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.B. FLÄRING ◽  
O.E. ROOYACKERS ◽  
J. WERNERMAN ◽  
F. HAMMARQVIST
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Trauma Model ◽  
To Receive

Glutathione is quantitatively the most important endogenous scavenger system. Glutathione depletion in skeletal muscle is pronounced following major trauma and sepsis in intensive care unit patients. Also, following elective surgery, glutathione depletion occurs in parallel with a progressive decline in muscle glutamine concentration. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that glutamine supplementation may counteract glutathione depletion in a human trauma model. A homogeneous group of patients (n = 17) undergoing a standardized surgical procedure were prospectively randomly allocated to receive glutamine (0.56g·day-1·kg-1) or placebo as part of isonitrogenous and isocaloric nutrition. Percutaneous muscle biopsies and blood samples were taken pre-operatively and at 24 and 72h after surgery. The concentrations of muscle glutathione and related amino acids were determined in muscle tissue and plasma. In the control (unsupplemented) subjects, total muscle glutathione had decreased by 47±8% and 37±11% and reduced glutathione had decreased by 53±10% and 45±16% respectively at 24 and 72h after surgery (P<0.05). In contrast, in the glutamine-supplemented group, no significant post-operative decreases in total or reduced glutathione were seen following surgery. Muscle free glutamine had decreased at 72h after surgery in both groups, by 41.4±14.8% (P<0.05) in the glutamine-supplemented group and by 46.0±14.3% (P<0.05) in the control group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that intravenous glutamine supplementation attenuates glutathione depletion in skeletal muscle in humans following standardized surgical trauma.

scholarly journals Effects of a Glutamine Supplement on the Skeletal Muscle Contractile Force of Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Waddell ◽  
Kim Fredricks
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Contractile Forces ◽  
And Control ◽  
Muscle Contractile ◽  
Abundant Amino Acid

L-glutamine is the most abundant amino acid found in human muscle and plays an important role in protein synthesis. It is, therefore, believed that by increasing L-glutamine levels, protein metabolism can be increased, resulting in skeletal muscle growth. The goal of this research was to determine if increased L-glutamine levels enhanced muscle growth in mice. Comparisons between the contractile force of the gastrocnemis muscles of a control group and a group that received the supplement through their water supply were intended to determine if muscle growth occurred. T-tests were used to compare the contractile forces of the experimental and control mice. There was a significant difference between the contractile forces of the experimental and control groups. This suggests that L-glutamine supplementation increased the muscle growth of the experimental mice.

scholarly journals Methylene blue 1% solution on the prevention of intraperitoneal adhesion formation in a dog model

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1668-1674
Author(s):  
Marco Augusto Machado Silva ◽  
Olízio Claudino da Silva ◽  
Luiz Antônio Franco da Silva ◽  
Raquel Cunha Ribeiro ◽  
Paula Marina Brito Jorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Falciform Ligament ◽  
Postoperative Adhesion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trauma Model ◽  
Treatment Control Group

Intraperitoneal adhesions usually are formed after abdominal surgeries and may cause technical difficulties during surgical intervention, chronic abdominal pain and severe obstructions of the gastrointestinal tract. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of methylene blue (MB) 1% solution on the prevention of intraperitoneal postsurgical adhesion formation in a canine surgical trauma model. Twenty bitches were submitted to falciform ligament resection, omentectomy, ovariohysterectomy and scarification of a colonic segment. Prior to abdominal closure, 10 bitches received 1mg kg-1 MB intraperitoneally (MB group) and 10 bitches received no treatment (control group, CT). On the 15th postoperative day the bitches were submitted to laparoscopy to assess adhesions. The mean adhesion scores were 13.9 (±5.6) for MB group and 20.5 (±6.4) for the CT group (P=0,043). In conclusion, the 1% MB solution was efficient on the prevention of intraperitoneal postoperative adhesion formation in bitches, especially those involving the colonic serosa.

Glutathione depletion in human skeletal muscle occurs after surgical trauma

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 24-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Luo ◽  
F. Hammarqvist ◽  
K. Andersson ◽  
J. Wernerman
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Surgical Trauma

Improved Medication Management With Introduction of a Perioperative and Prescribing Pharmacist Service

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Anny D. Nguyen ◽  
Alice Lam ◽  
Iouri Banakh ◽  
Skip Lam ◽  
Tyron Crofts
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Discharge Summary ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

Background: The medication lists in pre-admission clinic (PAC) questionnaires completed by patients prior to surgery are often inaccurate, potentially leading to medication errors during hospitalization. Studies have shown pharmacists are more accurate when obtaining a medication history and transcribing prescription orders, thereby reducing errors. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a PeRiopErative and Prescribing (PREP) pharmacist on postoperative medication management. Methods: A randomized prospective interventional study enrolled elective surgery patients at high risk for medication misadventure to receive PREP pharmacy service or usual care (control group). A best possible medication history (BPMH) was obtained by the PREP pharmacist and was available to surgical staff on admission. The PREP pharmacist also prepared discharge prescriptions for their patients. The primary outcomes for the study were accuracy of BPMH and discharge prescriptions compared to usual care. The study was powered to 80% with 2-tailed significance α of .05. Results: The medication history in the PREP pharmacist group had fewer errors than the control group: 9% (5/53) versus 96% (49/51; P < .001). Discharge prescriptions prepared by the PREP pharmacist had fewer errors than control group: 25% versus 78% ( P < .001). Significantly, more PREP pharmacist patients received a discharge summary with a complete medication list: 75% versus 33% ( P = .001). Inpatient prescribing was more accurate in the PREP pharmacist patients: 0.64 versus 1.31 errors per patient ( P = .047). Conclusion: Inclusion of the PREP pharmacist role in the elective surgery multidisciplinary team improved the accuracy of medication histories, inpatient prescribing, and discharge prescriptions for patients at high risk of medication misadventure.

scholarly journals Influence of exogenous glutathione (GSH), as stressfactor, on the activity of lysosome enzymes in some organs of mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Śliwa-Jóźwik ◽  
A. Jóźwik ◽  
A. Kołątaj
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Lysosomal Fraction

Abstract. The studies were carried on 30 random 8-week old Swiss male mice. The mice of I group received peritoneally 100 μg/g b.w. of reduced glutathione (GSH) in 250 μl 0.9% NaCl , II group 200 μg/ g of GSH in 250 μl 0.9% NaCl and mice of III control group received 250 μl of 0.9 % NaCl. In the lysosomal fraction of the liver, kidney and the skeletal muscle the activity of nine lysosomal enzymes were estimated. GSH injections caused in the liver a statistically confirmed increase of activity of estimated hydrolases, only the activity LL decreased significantly and NAGL did not change. After injection of both GSH doses increased significantly the activity LAP, Cat. D and L, AP, BGAL, BGLU and NAGL in the kidney. After injection 200 μg/g of GSH increased significantly activity AAP but an activity EL and LL decreased. In the skeletal muscle was observed a statistically confirmed increase of AP, LL, BGAL and NAGL activity, only the BGLU and Cat. D and L (after 100 μg/g dose) activity decreased.

scholarly journals Perioperative Infusion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Prevents Insulin Resistance After Surgical Trauma in Female Pigs

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (12) ◽  
pp. 2892-2902
Author(s):  
Martin Hagve ◽  
Petter F Gjessing ◽  
Mikal J Hole ◽  
Kirsten M Jansen ◽  
Ole Martin Fuskevåg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Glucose Release ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Insulin resistance is an independent negative predictor of outcome after elective surgery and increases mortality among surgical patients in intensive care. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) potentiates glucose-induced insulin release from the pancreas but may also increase insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and directly suppress hepatic glucose release. Here, we investigated whether a perioperative infusion of GLP-1 could counteract the development of insulin resistance after surgery. Pigs were randomly assigned to three groups; surgery/control, surgery/GLP-1, and sham/GLP-1. Both surgery groups underwent major abdominal surgery. Whole-body glucose disposal (WGD) and endogenous glucose release (EGR) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using D-[6,6-2H2]-glucose infusion in combination with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic step-clamping. In the surgery/control group, peripheral insulin sensitivity (i.e., WGD) was reduced by 44% relative to preoperative conditions, whereas the corresponding decline was only 9% for surgery/GLP-1 (P < 0.05). Hepatic insulin sensitivity (i.e., EGR) remained unchanged in the surgery/control group but was enhanced after GLP-1 infusion in both surgery and sham animals (40% and 104%, respectively, both P < 0.05). Intraoperative plasma glucose increased in surgery/control (∼20%) but remained unchanged in both groups receiving GLP-1 (P < 0.05). GLP-1 diminished an increase in postoperative glucagon levels but did not affect skeletal muscle glycogen or insulin signaling proteins after surgery. We show that GLP-1 improves intraoperative glycemic control, diminishes peripheral insulin resistance after surgery, and suppresses EGR. This study supports the use of GLP-1 to prevent development of postoperative insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Perioperative synbiotics administration decreases postoperative infections in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALINE TABORDA FLESCH ◽  
STAEL T. TONIAL ◽  
PAULO DE CARVALHO CONTU ◽  
DANIEL C. DAMIN
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of perioperative administration of symbiotics on the incidence of surgical wound infection in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial with colorectal cancer patients undergoing elective surgery, randomly assigned to receive symbiotics or placebo for five days prior to the surgical procedure and for 14 days after surgery. We studied 91 patients, 49 in the symbiotics group (Lactobacillus acidophilus 108 to 109 CFU, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 108 to 109 CFU, Lactobacillus casei 108 to 109 CFU, Bifi dobacterium 108 to 109 CFU and fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) 6g) and 42 in the placebo group. Results: surgical site infection occurred in one (2%) patient in the symbiotics group and in nine (21.4%) patients in the control group (p=0.002). There were three cases of intraabdominal abscess and four cases of pneumonia in the control group, whereas we observed no infections in patients receiving symbiotics (p=0.001). Conclusion: the perioperative administration of symbiotics significantly reduced postoperative infection rates in patients with colorectal cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm the role of symbiotics in the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

Results of osteopathic correction of patients with post-traumatic coccygodynia

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Antonova ◽  
A. M. Iskandarov ◽  
I. B. Mizonova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
Osteopathic Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic

Introduction.Coccygodynia is a multidisciplinary disease which is diffi cult to treat. It seriously limits the ability to work and signifi cantly affects the quality of life of patients. The study of somatic dysfunctions in patients with coccygodynia and the analysis of the results of osteopathic treatment of such patients makes it possible to justify the necessity of osteopathic correction of coccygodynia.Goal of the study— to determine the structure of the leading somatic dysfunctions in patients with coccygodynia and to study the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment of this pathology.Materials and methods.The study involved 44 patients from 25 to 65 years old, randomly divided into two groups. The main group of 24 people (20 women and 4 men) received osteopathic treatment, in accordance with the identifi ed leading somatic dysfunctions. Patients of the control group (16 women and 4 men) were treated locally with soft manual techniques (the treatment area was limited by the pelvic region). In order to assess the results of the treatment, we examined the intensity of the pain syndrome and the psycho-emotional state of patients. The severity of the pain syndrome was assessed in accordance with the visual analogue scale (VAS). The psycho-emotional state (with physical and mental components) was assessed with the help of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire.Results.Somatic dysfunctions typical for patients with coccygodynia have been identifi ed. Osteopathic treatment has proven to be more effective in comparison with local manual therapy of coccygodynia both in early periods and in 3 months after the end of the treatment course.Conclusion.Osteopathic treatment of post-traumatic coccygodynia is effective, and can be recommended for treatment of such patients.

Astaxanthin, the Natural Antioxidant, Reduces Reserpine Induced Depression in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1327
Author(s):  
Ferdous Khan ◽  
Syed A. Kuddus ◽  
Md. H. Shohag ◽  
Hasan M. Reza ◽  
Murad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Biochemical Level

Background: An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants determines the level of oxidative stress which is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. Therefore, treatment with antioxidants could potentially improve the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of astaxanthin, a potential antioxidant, to reduce reserpine-induced depression in BALB/c mice (Mus musculus). Methods: On the behavioral level, antidepressant property of astaxanthin (50 mg/kg, orally) on reserpine (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) induced depressed mice was evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). In the biochemical level, the ability of astaxanthin to mitigate reserpine-induced oxidative stress was evaluated by the measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in brain, liver and plasma samples. On the other hand, the efficiency of astaxanthin to replenish glutathione depletion and antioxidant enzyme activity augmentation in the same samples were also investigated. Results: Astaxanthin was able to lower reserpine induced immobility time significantly (p<0.05) in FST and TST. Mice treated with astaxanthin showed significantly (p<0.05) low level of oxidative stress markers such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO). Consistently, the level of reduced Glutathione (GSH), and the activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase were augmented due to the oral administration of astaxanthin. Conclusion: This study suggests that astaxanthin reduces reserpine-induced oxidative stress and therefore might be effective in treating oxidative stress associated depression.

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