scholarly journals Sex-specific effects of habitual aerobic exercise on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in middle-aged and older adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Pierce ◽  
Iratxe Eskurza ◽  
Ashley E. Walker ◽  
Tara N. Fay ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Brachial artery FMD (flow-mediated dilation) is impaired with aging and is associated with an increased risk of CVD (cardiovascular disease). In the present study, we determined whether regular aerobic exercise improves brachial artery FMD in MA/O (middle-aged/older) men and post-menopausal women. In sedentary MA/O adults (age, 55–79 years) without CVD, 8 weeks of brisk walking (6 days/week for approx. 50 min/day; randomized controlled design) increased treadmill time approx. 20% in both MA/O men (n=11) and post-menopausal women (n=15) (P<0.01), without altering body composition or circulating CVD risk factors. Brachial artery FMD increased >50% in the MA/O men (from 4.6±0.6 to 7.1±0.6%; P<0.01), but did not change in the post-menopausal women (5.1±0.8 compared with 5.4±0.7%; P=0.50). No changes occurred in the non-exercising controls. In a separate cross-sectional study (n=167), brachial artery FMD was approx. 50% greater in endurance-exercise-trained (6.4±0.4%; n=45) compared with sedentary (4.3±0.3%; n=60) MA/O men (P<0.001), whereas there were no differences between endurance-trained (5.3±0.7%, n=20) and sedentary (5.6±0.5%, n=42) post-menopausal women (P=0.70). Brachial artery lumen diameter, peak hyperaemic shear rate and endothelium-independent dilation did not differ with exercise intervention or in the endurance exercise compared with sedentary groups. In conclusion, regular aerobic exercise is consistently associated with enhanced brachial artery FMD in MA/O men, but not in post-menopausal women. Some post-menopausal women without CVD may be less responsive to habitual aerobic exercise than MA/O men.

scholarly journals Obesity and risk of ovarian cancer subtypes: evidence from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M Olsen ◽  
Christina M Nagle ◽  
David C Whiteman ◽  
Roberta Ness ◽  
Celeste Leigh Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Histological Subtypes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Post Menopausal

Whilst previous studies have reported that higher BMI increases a woman's risk of developing ovarian cancer, associations for the different histological subtypes have not been well defined. As the prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically, and classification of ovarian histology has improved in the last decade, we sought to examine the association in a pooled analysis of recent studies participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. We evaluated the association between BMI (recent, maximum and in young adulthood) and ovarian cancer risk using original data from 15 case–control studies (13 548 cases and 17 913 controls). We combined study-specific adjusted odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model. We further examined the associations by histological subtype, menopausal status and post-menopausal hormone use. High BMI (all time-points) was associated with increased risk. This was most pronounced for borderline serous (recent BMI: pooled OR=1.24 per 5 kg/m2; 95% CI 1.18–1.30), invasive endometrioid (1.17; 1.11–1.23) and invasive mucinous (1.19; 1.06–1.32) tumours. There was no association with serous invasive cancer overall (0.98; 0.94–1.02), but increased risks for low-grade serous invasive tumours (1.13, 1.03–1.25) and in pre-menopausal women (1.11; 1.04–1.18). Among post-menopausal women, the associations did not differ between hormone replacement therapy users and non-users. Whilst obesity appears to increase risk of the less common histological subtypes of ovarian cancer, it does not increase risk of high-grade invasive serous cancers, and reducing BMI is therefore unlikely to prevent the majority of ovarian cancer deaths. Other modifiable factors must be identified to control this disease.

Abstract P097: Maternal Vascular Changes during Pregnancy may Persist Postpartum

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A Niemczyk ◽  
Emma Barinas-Mitchell ◽  
Janet M Catov ◽  
Candace K McClure ◽  
James M Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Stiffness

Introduction: Higher parity (number of births) is associated with increased subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in mid-life and older women, and with increased risk of CVD overall. In the only study of reproductive age women, common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA IMT) was greater after each birth. Prospective studies of arterial change throughout normal pregnancy are lacking; without them it is unclear whether unhealthy changes of the vasculature during pregnancy persist postpartum and raise women’s risk of CVD. The goal of this study was to prospectively assess normal vascular adaptation in healthy pregnant women. Hypotheses: During the course of healthy pregnancy: 1. CCA adventitial diameter (AD) will increase, then return to baseline postpartum, 2. CCA IMT will initially thin, then thicken as pregnancy progresses, then return to baseline postpartum, and 3. brachial artery distensibility will not change. Methods: We assessed 43 healthy women during each trimester of their first pregnancy and 6-8 weeks postpartum with B-mode ultrasound imaging of the CCA IMT and AD, independent predictors of CVD risk. Brachial artery distensibility, representing elasticity of the artery, was measured using the DynaPulse wave form analyzer. Linear mixed models were used to compare measures of CCA IMT, adventitial diameter, and brachial artery distensibility at each time point, after adjustment for age and pre-pregnancy BMI. Results: There were 37 women (age 28.2 ± 4.5 years, pre-pregnant BMI 24.4 ± 3.2 kg/m 2 ) with uncomplicated pregnancies. Six women with pregnancy complications were excluded from these analyses. After adjustment for age and pre-pregnancy BMI, mean (SE) CCA AD (mm) increased each trimester, from 6.38(0.08) in the 1 st trimester to 6.92(0.09) in the 3 rd trimester, and returned to baseline, 6.35 (0.07), postpartum. Pairwise comparisons were all statistically significant at p<.01. Mean (SE)CCA IMT (mm) was increased postpartum (0.567 (0.01)) compared to 1 st (0.539 (0.01)) and 2 nd trimester values (0.546 (0.01), p < .05 for each). Mean (SE) brachial artery distensibility (%/mmHg) decreased from 7.64 (0.28) 1st trimester to 6.84 (0.21) 3rd trimester (p < .01) and then remained unchanged at 6.82 (0.21) postpartum. Conclusions: As we hypothesized, in uncomplicated first pregnancies CCA AD increased throughout and returned to baseline postpartum. However, contrary to our hypotheses, CCA IMT increased postpartum, and the brachial artery stiffened during pregnancy and remained stiffer 6-8 weeks postpartum. In uncomplicated first pregnancies, some vascular changes resolved (CCA AD) and others persisted (CCA IMT and brachial artery stiffness). Whether this indicates that persistence of specific vascular effects of pregnancy may inform long term CVD risk remains to be explored.

Exercise-induced Th17 Lymphocyte Response And Their Relationship To CVD Risk Factors In Obese, Post-menopausal Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 225-226
Author(s):  
Maria A. Cardenas ◽  
Michael M. Levitt ◽  
Bryan Richie ◽  
Shaohan Lu ◽  
Elise E. Erickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Lymphocyte Response ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Th17 Lymphocyte ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Post Menopausal

62 Time course of improvement in secretory unbalance of asymmetric dimethylarginine and nitric oxide productions in response to exercise training in middle-aged and older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fujie ◽  
N Hasegawa ◽  
K Sanada ◽  
T Hamaoka ◽  
S Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Plasma Adma ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (#17H02182, #16K13059, M. Iemitsu; #18J01024, S. Fujie) Introduction Aging is well known to elevate risks of cardiovascular diseases. As a mechanism of these increased risks with aging, a reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production via augmented secretion of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis is related. Habitual aerobic exercise has shown to improve secretory unbalance of endothelium-derived regulating factors with aging, such as increase in NO and decrease in ADMA, resulting in the reduction of arterial stiffness. However, the time course of improvement in secretory unbalance of NO and ADMA productions in response to exercise training in middle-aged and older adults remains unclear. Purpose This study aimed to determine the time course of changes in plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and ADMA levels related to exercise-training effects of arterial stiffness in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Methods Thirty-two Japanese healthy middle-aged and older subjects (67 ± 1 years) were randomly divided into two groups: exercise intervention and sedentary controls. Subjects in the training group completed 8-week of aerobic exercise training (60-70% peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak] for 45 min, 3 days/week). We evaluated plasma NOx and ADMA concentrations and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) as an index of arterial stiffness, measured every 2 weeks for 8-week in the training group. Results cfPWV was gradually declined from baseline to 8-week and significantly decreased from baseline at weeks 6 (P &lt; 0.05) and 8 (P &lt; 0.01). Plasma NOx level was gradually elevated during exercise intervention and significantly increased from baseline at weeks 6 (P &lt; 0.05) and 8 (P &lt; 0.01). Interestingly, plasma ADMA level was significantly decreased at 8-week intervention (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the exercise training-induced reduction in plasma ADMA level was negatively correlated with the change in plasma NOx level before and after the 8-week (r = -0.483, P &lt; 0.05). The exercise training-induced change in plasma ADMA concentration was positively correlated with training-induced change in cfPWV before and after the 8-week (r = 0.633, P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, there was a negative correlation between the changes in plasma NOx level and cfPWV before and after the 8-week (r = -0.642, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that habitual aerobic exercise can normalize the secretory unbalance of NO and ADMA productions in 6 to 8 weeks, and these balance normalizations may be contributed to the reduction of arterial stiffness in the middle-aged and older adults.

scholarly journals Acute effect of Finnish sauna bathing on brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation and reactive hyperemia in healthy middle‐aged and older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Gravel ◽  
Geoff B. Coombs ◽  
Parya Behzadi ◽  
Virginie Marcoux‐Clément ◽  
Hadiatou Barry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sauna Bathing ◽  
Artery Flow

scholarly journals COMPONENTS OF A HEALTHFUL DIET ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AMONG PRE- AND POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S55-S55
Author(s):  
Lisa M Troy ◽  
Sarah Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract After menopause, women are at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A contributing factor to increased risk may be weight gain, especially visceral adiposity. Diet plays a role in maintaining weight at all ages but less is known about the specific contributions of a healthful dietary pattern after menopause. Therefore, we evaluated associations between diet and WC as a measure of visceral adiposity. We compared 869 pre- (aged 35-45 years) and 353 post-menopausal (aged 40-65 years) women from NHANES III (1988-94). Women were pre-menopausal if they self-reported menses in the past 2 months and postmenopausal if they reported no menses in past 12 months and were aged &gt; 40 years. Compared to premenopausal women, postmenopausal women consumed fewer Calories (-200 kcal/d) and had a higher mean waist circumference (+4.43 cm, p=0.007), after adjusting for age, race-ethnicity, height, physical activity, and smoking. Higher intakes of dark green vegetables (p=0.03) and lower intakes of potatoes (p=0.03), refined grains (p=0.001), and meats (p=0.04) were associated with lower WC for all women. Higher intakes of nuts and seeds and fish high in Omega-3 fatty acids were associated with smaller WC while higher intakes of poultry and dairy products were associated with higher WC in post- but not pre-menopausal women. Our findings generally support a diet high in nuts and seeds, dark green vegetables, and fish, and low in potatoes, refined grains, and meats. After menopause it may be important to incorporate fatty fish, nuts and seeds into the diet for lower visceral adiposity.

Psychologic Distress during the Menopausal Years in Women Attending a Menopause Clinic

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna E. Stewart ◽  
Katherine Boydell ◽  
Christine Derzko ◽  
Valerie Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Psychologic Distress ◽  
Severity Criteria

Objective: This study measures psychologic distress in women attending a menopause clinic to determine if significant differences exist between perimenopausal and menopausal women. Method: Consecutive women attending a university hospital menopause clinic were administered the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and a study questionnaire to determine menopausal symptoms, menstrual cycle status, and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The BSI results were compared between menopausal and perimenopausal women, and to a normative sample of middle-aged women who were nonpatients. Results: Two hundred and fifty-nine menopause clinic women completed the questionnaire: 113 perimenopausal and 146 menopausal women. There was significantly greater psychologic distress on the BSI among perimenopausal as compared to menopausal women on the global severity index, and each of the anxiety, hostility, somatization, depression, paranoid, and psychoticism subscales. Perimenopausal women met BSI caseness severity criteria significantly more often than did menopausal women on the global severity index, and on the subscales for depression, anxiety, and psychoticism. On the BSI, menopausal women showed results similar to those of a normative sample of nonpatient middle-aged women. Conclusions: Perimenopausal women attending menopause clinics have significantly higher levels of psychologic distress meeting case severity criteria on the BSI. Further research is warranted to define the subgroups of perimenopausal women who are at increased risk, in the hopes of developing effective interventions.

Combined aerobic and resistance training and vascular function: effect of aerobic exercise before and after resistance training

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1655-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanobu Okamoto ◽  
Mitsuhiko Masuhara ◽  
Komei Ikuta
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Before And After

Aerobic exercise training combined with resistance training (RT) might prevent the deterioration of vascular function. However, how aerobic exercise performed before or after a bout of RT affects vascular function is unknown. The present study investigates the effect of aerobic exercise before and after RT on vascular function. Thirty-three young, healthy subjects were randomly assigned to groups that ran before RT (BRT: 4 male, 7 female), ran after RT (ART: 4 male, 7 female), or remained sedentary (SED: 3 male, 8 female). The BRT and ART groups performed RT at 80% of one repetition maximum and ran at 60% of the targeted heart rate twice each week for 8 wk. Both brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after combined training in the BRT group did not change from baseline. In contrast, baPWV after combined training in the ART group reduced from baseline (from 1,025 ± 43 to 910 ± 33 cm/s, P < 0.01). Moreover, brachial artery FMD after combined training in the ART group increased from baseline (from 7.3 ± 0.8 to 9.6 ± 0.8%, P < 0.01). Brachial artery diameter, mean blood velocity, and blood flow in the BRT and ART groups after combined training increased from baseline ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively). These values returned to the baseline during the detraining period. These values did not change in the SED group. These results suggest that although vascular function is not improved by aerobic exercise before RT, performing aerobic exercise thereafter can prevent the deteriorating of vascular function.

scholarly journals Endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans: association with age and habitual exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (3) ◽  
pp. H813-H819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison E. DeVan ◽  
Daniel Umpierre ◽  
Michelle L. Harrison ◽  
Hsin-Fu Lin ◽  
Takashi Tarumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Habitual Exercise ◽  
Artery Disease

Advancing age is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. Endothelial dysfunction accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation with aging may predispose older arteries to greater ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Because coronary artery ischemia cannot be induced safely, the effects of age and habitual endurance exercise on endothelial I/R injury have not been determined in humans. Using the brachial artery as a surrogate model of the coronary arteries, endothelial function, assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), was measured before and after 20 min of continuous forearm occlusion in young sedentary ( n = 10, 24 ± 2 yr) and middle-aged ( n = 9, 48 ± 2 yr) sedentary adults to gain insight into the effects of primary aging on endothelial I/R injury. Young ( n = 9, 25 ± 1 yr) and middle-aged endurance-trained ( n = 9, 50 ± 2 yr) adults were also studied to determine whether habitual exercise provides protection from I/R injury. Fifteen minutes after ischemic injury, FMD decreased significantly by 37% in young sedentary, 35% in young endurance-trained, 68% in middle-aged sedentary, and 50% in middle-aged endurance-trained subjects. FMD returned to baseline levels within 30 min in young sedentary and endurance-trained subjects but remained depressed in middle-aged sedentary and endurance-trained subjects. Circulating markers of antioxidant capacity and inflammation were not related to FMD. In conclusion, advancing age is associated with a greater magnitude and delayed recovery from endothelial I/R injury in humans. Habitual endurance exercise may provide partial protection to the endothelium against this form of I/R injury with advancing age.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Ferritin Concentration and Lung Function in the Tobacco-naïve Population: Retrospective population-based study of KNHANES V

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeyun Kim ◽  
Hyunji Choi ◽  
Jihun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
Restrictive Lung Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Background: Ferritin regulates iron homeostasis, and is involved in the inflammation in the lung, especially in smokers; however, its effects on pulmonary function in non-smokers remain unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between serum ferritin and lung function in a tobacco-naïve population. Methods: In this study, 25,534 individuals were enrolled, among who 5,338 tobacco-naïve individuals were identified; of those, 342 men and 2,879 women (742 pre- and 2,137 post-menopausal) with data of serum ferritin, lung function, and covariates were included. To evaluate the association of ferritin and lung function, multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses was used including the factors of predicted value of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 %) and forced vital capacity (FVC%) . Logistic regression analyses were used to measure the relationship between ferritin and restrictive and obstructive lung disease. Results: In pre-menopausal women, FEV 1 %/FVC was weakly but positively associated with serum ferritin, and after adjusting for covariates, the association was without statistical significance. No significant association between ferritin and obstructive lung disease was observed. In post-menopausal women, predicted FVC% was negatively associated with serum ferritin, and ferritin was dose-dependently related with risk for restrictive lung disease. The odds ratio for restrictive lung disease in post-menopausal women was 2.285 at Q3 and 1.560 at Q2 relative to that at Q1. Conclusions: High serum ferritin level was significantly associated with lower FVC% and increased risk of restrictive lung disease in tobacco-naïve post-menopausal women. Further study is needed to determine the mechanism underlying the current findings.

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