scholarly journals Obesity and risk of ovarian cancer subtypes: evidence from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M Olsen ◽  
Christina M Nagle ◽  
David C Whiteman ◽  
Roberta Ness ◽  
Celeste Leigh Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Histological Subtypes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Post Menopausal

Whilst previous studies have reported that higher BMI increases a woman's risk of developing ovarian cancer, associations for the different histological subtypes have not been well defined. As the prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically, and classification of ovarian histology has improved in the last decade, we sought to examine the association in a pooled analysis of recent studies participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. We evaluated the association between BMI (recent, maximum and in young adulthood) and ovarian cancer risk using original data from 15 case–control studies (13 548 cases and 17 913 controls). We combined study-specific adjusted odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model. We further examined the associations by histological subtype, menopausal status and post-menopausal hormone use. High BMI (all time-points) was associated with increased risk. This was most pronounced for borderline serous (recent BMI: pooled OR=1.24 per 5 kg/m2; 95% CI 1.18–1.30), invasive endometrioid (1.17; 1.11–1.23) and invasive mucinous (1.19; 1.06–1.32) tumours. There was no association with serous invasive cancer overall (0.98; 0.94–1.02), but increased risks for low-grade serous invasive tumours (1.13, 1.03–1.25) and in pre-menopausal women (1.11; 1.04–1.18). Among post-menopausal women, the associations did not differ between hormone replacement therapy users and non-users. Whilst obesity appears to increase risk of the less common histological subtypes of ovarian cancer, it does not increase risk of high-grade invasive serous cancers, and reducing BMI is therefore unlikely to prevent the majority of ovarian cancer deaths. Other modifiable factors must be identified to control this disease.

scholarly journals X Chromatin inactivation in Menopause: A study on Hindu caste Bengalee population

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Koel Mukherjee ◽  
Diptendu Chatterjee ◽  
Arup Ratan Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Buccal Smear ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Sex Chromatin ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Menopause being a physiologic event and eventually the prime time to perform risk assessment of chronic diseases and initiate preventive health measures. Previous studies reported, later menopause is independently associated to increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer. The menopausal status is determined and influenced by intrinsic factors. Majority of the studies on menopause from Indian context, especially on Bengalee Hindu Caste population confined to socio demographic issues, attitudes, problems and quality of life. However, relatively little work is attempted to unravel the complex interplay of genetics and epigenetic mechanisms, the effect on menopause. In this background it seems to be an urgent need to understand menopause status objectively, to approach the interplay of genetics and epigenetic mechanisms of menopausal status by X chromatin inactivation.Aims and Objective: Best of the knowledge it is the first attempt to evaluate the prevalence of X chromatin inactivation in menopausal women among Bengalee Hindu Caste population.Materials and Methods: Sex chromatin inactivation was evaluated from 100 each pre and post menopausal women from the buccal smear of each individuals. After fixation and staining of altogether 20000 (twenty thousand) cells were scanned from the Bengalee Hindu Caste for a comparison of menopausal women and their menarcheal counterparts.Results: Result demonstrated significantly decreased (P<0.001) prevalence of X chromatin inactivation sites among the menopausal females in comparison to their menarcheal women counterpart.Conclusion: The present study vindicated possible association between the presence of sex hormone receptors and the prevalence of sex chromatin and also envisaged the role of X chromatin inactivation for early prognosis of menopause.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(3) 2018 41-45

scholarly journals Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors by Histologic Subtype: An Analysis From the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (24) ◽  
pp. 2888-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Wentzensen ◽  
Elizabeth M. Poole ◽  
Britton Trabert ◽  
Emily White ◽  
Alan A. Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose An understanding of the etiologic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer is important for improving prevention, early detection, and therapeutic approaches. We evaluated 14 hormonal, reproductive, and lifestyle factors by histologic subtype in the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium (OC3). Patients and Methods Among 1.3 million women from 21 studies, 5,584 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers were identified (3,378 serous, 606 endometrioid, 331 mucinous, 269 clear cell, 1,000 other). By using competing-risks Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by study and birth year and adjusted for age, parity, and oral contraceptive use, we assessed associations for all invasive cancers by histology. Heterogeneity was evaluated by likelihood ratio test. Results Most risk factors exhibited significant heterogeneity by histology. Higher parity was most strongly associated with endometrioid (relative risk [RR] per birth, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.83) and clear cell (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.76) carcinomas (P value for heterogeneity [P-het] < .001). Similarly, age at menopause, endometriosis, and tubal ligation were only associated with endometrioid and clear cell tumors (P-het ≤ .01). Family history of breast cancer (P-het = .008) had modest heterogeneity. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of mucinous (RR per 20 pack-years, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.46) but a decreased risk of clear cell (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.94) tumors (P-het = .004). Unsupervised clustering by risk factors separated endometrioid, clear cell, and low-grade serous carcinomas from high-grade serous and mucinous carcinomas. Conclusion The heterogeneous associations of risk factors with ovarian cancer subtypes emphasize the importance of conducting etiologic studies by ovarian cancer subtypes. Most established risk factors were more strongly associated with nonserous carcinomas, which demonstrate challenges for risk prediction of serous cancers, the most fatal subtype.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Visualization of the Ovaries to Detect Ovarian Cancer According to Age, Menopausal Status and Body Type

Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Edward J. Pavlik ◽  
Emily Brekke ◽  
Justin Gorski ◽  
Lauren Baldwin-Branch ◽  
Rachel Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Body Habitus ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Because the effects of age, menopausal status, weight and body mass index (BMI) on ovarian detectability by transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) have not been established, we determined their contributions to TVS visualization of the ovaries. A total of 29,877 women that had both ovaries visualized on their first exam were followed over 202,639 prospective TVS exams. All images were reviewed by a physician. While visualization of both ovaries decreased with age, one or both ovaries could be visualized in two of every three women over 80 years of age. Around 93% of pre-menopausal women and ~69% of post-menopausal women had both ovaries visualized. Both ovaries were visualized in ~72% of women weighing over 300 lbs. and in ~70% of women with a BMI over 40. Conclusions: Age had the greatest influence on the visualization of the ovaries. The ovaries can be visualized well past the menopause. Body habitus was not limiting to TVS ovarian imaging, and TVS should be considered capable of imaging one or both ovaries in two of every three women over 80 years of age. Thus, older and obese patients remain good candidates for TVS exams.

scholarly journals Effect of Estradiol as a Continuous Variable on Breast Cancer Survival by Menopausal Status: a Cohort Study in China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxian Li ◽  
Chenyang Li ◽  
Ziwei Feng ◽  
Luyang Liu ◽  
Liwen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Survival Endpoints ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract High levels of circulating estradiol (E2) are associated with increased risk of breast cancer, whereas its relationship with breast cancer prognosis is still unclear. We evaluated the effect of E2 concentration on survival endpoints among 8766 breast cancer cases diagnosed between 2005 and 2017 from the Tianjin Breast Cancer Cases Cohort. Levels of serum E2 were measured in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between quartile of E2 levels and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of breast cancer. The penalized spline was then used to test for non-linear relationships between E2 (continuous variable) and survival endpoints. 612 deaths and 982 progressions occurred over follow-up through 2017. Compared to women in the quartile 3, the highest quartile of E2 was associated with reduced risk of both PFS in pre-menopausal women (HR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.17-2.75, P=0.008) and OS in post-menopausal women (HR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.04-1.74, P=0.023). OS and PFS in pre-menopausal women exhibited a nonlinear relation (“L-shaped” and “U-shaped”, respectively) with E2 levels. However, there was a linear relationship in post-menopausal women. Moreover, patients with estrogen receptor-negative (ER-negative) breast cancer showed a “U-shaped” relationship with OS and PFS in pre-menopausal women. Pre-menopausal breast cancer patients have a plateau stage of prognosis at the intermediate concentrations of E2, whereas post-menopausal patients have no apparent threshold, and ER status may have an impact on this relationship.

scholarly journals Effect of Estradiol as a Continuous Variable on Breast Cancer Survival by Menopausal Status: A Cohort Study in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxian Li ◽  
Chenyang Li ◽  
Ziwei Feng ◽  
Luyang Liu ◽  
Liwen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Breast Cancer Survival ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract BackgroundHigh levels of circulating estradiol (E2) are associated with increased risk of breast cancer, whereas its relationship with breast cancer prognosis is still unclear. We studied the effect of E2 concentration on breast cancer survival among pre- menopausal and post- menopausal patients in China.MethodsWe evaluated this association among 8766 breast cancer cases diagnosed between 2005 and 2017 from the Tianjin Breast Cancer Cases Cohort. Levels of serum E2 were measured in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between quartile of E2 levels and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of breast cancer. The penalized spline was then used to test for non-linear relationships between E2 (continuous variable) and survival endpoints.ResultsA total of 612 deaths and 982 progressions occurred over follow-up through 2017. Compared to women in the quartile 3, the highest quartile of E2 was associated with reduced risk of both PFS in pre-menopausal women (HR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.17-2.75, P=0.008) and OS in post-menopausal women (HR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.04-1.74, P=0.023). OS and PFS in pre-menopausal women exhibited a nonlinear relation (“L-shaped” and “U-shaped”, respectively) with E2 levels. However, there was a linear relationship in post-menopausal women, among whom increasing E2 was associated with escalating risks of death and progression. Moreover, patients with estrogen receptor-negative (ER-negative) breast cancer showed a “U-shaped” relationship with OS and PFS in pre-menopausal women.ConclusionsPre-menopausal breast cancer patients have a plateau stage of prognosis at the intermediate concentrations of E2, whereas post-menopausal patients have no apparent threshold, and ER status may have an impact on this relationship.

scholarly journals Endogenous hormones and risk of invasive breast cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women: findings from the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandar Tin Tin ◽  
Gillian K. Reeves ◽  
Timothy J. Key
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Background Some endogenous hormones have been associated with breast cancer risk, but the nature of these relationships is not fully understood. Methods UK Biobank was used. Hormone concentrations were measured in serum collected in 2006–2010, and in a repeat subsample (N ~ 5000) in 2012–13. Incident cancers were identified through data linkage. Cox regression models were used, and hazard ratios (HRs) corrected for regression dilution bias. Results Among 30,565 pre-menopausal and 133,294 post-menopausal women, 527 and 2,997, respectively, were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during a median follow-up of 7.1 years. Cancer risk was positively associated with testosterone in post-menopausal women (HR per 0.5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.23) but not in pre-menopausal women (pheterogeneity = 0.03), and with IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) (HR per 5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 1.02, 1.35 (pre-menopausal) and 1.07; 1.01, 1.12 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity = 0.2), and inversely associated with SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) (HR per 30 nmol/L increment: 0.96; 0.79, 1.15 (pre-menopausal) and 0.89; 0.84, 0.94 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity = 0.4). Oestradiol, assessed only in pre-menopausal women, was not associated with risk, but there were study limitations for this hormone. Conclusions This study confirms associations of testosterone, IGF-1 and SHBG with breast cancer risk, with heterogeneity by menopausal status for testosterone.

scholarly journals Serum ferritin levels are associated with insulin resistance in Chinese men and post-menopausal women: the Shanghai Changfeng study

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ma ◽  
Huandong Lin ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Wanyuan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

AbstractAssociations between ferritin and insulin sensitivity have been described in recent studies. The possible association showed conflicting results by sex and menopausal status. We aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association of ferritin levels with insulin resistance and β-cell function. A total of 2518 participants (1033 men, 235 pre-menopausal women and 1250 post-menopausal women) were enrolled from the Changfeng Study. A standard interview was conducted, as well as anthropometric measurements and laboratory analyses, for each participant. The serum ferritin level was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Insulin resistance and β-cell function indices were derived from a homeostasis model assessment. The results showed that the serum ferritin levels were 250·4 (sd 165·2), 94·6 (sd 82·0) and 179·8 (sd 126·6) ng/ml in the men, pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women, respectively. In fully adjusted models (adjusting for age, current smoking, BMI, waist:hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, TAG, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, log urine albumin:creatinine ratio, leucocytes, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase), serum ferritin concentrations are significantly associated with insulin resistance in men and post-menopausal females, and the null association was observed in pre-menopausal females. Interestingly, an increased β-cell function associated with higher ferritin was observed in post-menopausal participants, but not in male participants. In conclusion, these results suggested that elevated serum ferritin levels were associated with surrogate measures of insulin resistance among the middle-aged and elderly male and post-menopausal women, but not in pre-menopausal women.

scholarly journals Intake of specific carotenoids and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
C. D'Arcy J. Holman ◽  
Colin W. Binns
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Tea Drinking ◽  
Β Carotene

There has been considerable interest in the role of carotenoids in the chemoprevention of cancer. However, few studies have examined the association between intake of specific carotenoids and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer and the results for carotenoids have been inconclusive. To investigate whether the intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, and lycopene is inversely associated with ovarian cancer risk, a case–control study was conducted in China during 1999–2000. The cases were 254 patients with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer and 652 age-matched controls were randomly recruited during the same period. Habitual dietary intake and lifestyle were collected by face-to-face interview using a validated and reliable FFQ. The US Department of Agriculture nutrient composition database was used to calculate the intake of specific carotenoids. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI, accounting for age, locality, education, BMI, smoking, tea drinking, parity, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, menopausal status, family history of ovarian cancer, physical activity and energy intake. Compared with the highest v. the lowest quartile of intake, the adjusted OR were 0·39 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·66) for α-carotene, 0·51 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·84) for β-carotene, 0·51 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·83) for β-cryptoxanthin, 0·45 (0·27, 0·76) for lutein and zeaxanthin, and 0·33 (95 % CI 0·20, 0·56) for total carotenoids, with statistically significant tests for trend. It is concluded that a higher intake of carotenoids can reduce the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Population-based targeted sequencing of 54 candidate genes identifies PALB2 as a susceptibility gene for high-grade serous ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. jmedgenet-2019-106739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglin Song ◽  
Ed M Dicks ◽  
Jonathan Tyrer ◽  
Maria Intermaggio ◽  
Georgia Chenevix-Trench ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Increased Risk

PurposeThe known epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) susceptibility genes account for less than 50% of the heritable risk of ovarian cancer suggesting that other susceptibility genes exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution to ovarian cancer susceptibility of rare deleterious germline variants in a set of candidate genes.MethodsWe sequenced the coding region of 54 candidate genes in 6385 invasive EOC cases and 6115 controls of broad European ancestry. Genes with an increased frequency of putative deleterious variants in cases versus controls were further examined in an independent set of 14 135 EOC cases and 28 655 controls from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium and the UK Biobank. For each gene, we estimated the EOC risks and evaluated associations between germline variant status and clinical characteristics.ResultsThe ORs associated for high-grade serous ovarian cancer were 3.01 for PALB2 (95% CI 1.59 to 5.68; p=0.00068), 1.99 for POLK (95% CI 1.15 to 3.43; p=0.014) and 4.07 for SLX4 (95% CI 1.34 to 12.4; p=0.013). Deleterious mutations in FBXO10 were associated with a reduced risk of disease (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.00, p=0.049). However, based on the Bayes false discovery probability, only the association for PALB2 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer is likely to represent a true positive.ConclusionsWe have found strong evidence that carriers of PALB2 deleterious mutations are at increased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Whether the magnitude of risk is sufficiently high to warrant the inclusion of PALB2 in cancer gene panels for ovarian cancer risk testing is unclear; much larger sample sizes will be needed to provide sufficiently precise estimates for clinical counselling.

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