Late Talkers: A Population-Based Study of Risk Factors and School Readiness Consequences

PurposeThis study was designed to (a) identify sociodemographic, pregnancy and birth, family health, and parenting and child care risk factors for being a late talker at 24 months of age; (b) determine whether late talkers continue to have low vocabulary at 48 months; and (c) investigate whether being a late talker plays a unique role in children's school readiness at 60 months.MethodWe analyzed data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, a population-based sample of 9,600 children. Data were gathered when the children were 9, 24, 48, and 60 months old.ResultsThe risk of being a late talker at 24 months was significantly associated with being a boy, lower socioeconomic status, being a nonsingleton, older maternal age at birth, moderately low birth weight, lower quality parenting, receipt of day care for less than 10 hr/week, and attention problems. Being a late talker increased children's risk of having low vocabulary at 48 months and low school readiness at 60 months. Family socioeconomic status had the largest and most profound effect on children's school readiness.ConclusionsLimited vocabulary knowledge at 24 and 48 months is uniquely predictive of later school readiness. Young children with low vocabularies require additional supports prior to school entry.

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Socioeconomic Status and Orofacial Clefts in Scotland, 1989 to 1998

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/1545-1569_2003_040_0481_ssaoci_2.0.co_2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 481-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J. D. Clark ◽

P. A. Mossey ◽

L. Sharp ◽

J. Little

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Population Based ◽

Orofacial Clefts ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Live Births ◽

Strong Positive Relationship ◽

The Relationship ◽

Deprived Areas

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and orofacial clefts (OFC) in Scotland. Design Study of prevalence at birth over a 10-year period using an area-based measure of material deprivation. Setting Population-based study throughout Scotland. Participants Eight hundred thirty-four live births with OFC born between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1998, ascertained from the nationwide register of the Cleft Service in Scotland, compared with the total 603,825 live births in Scotland in this period. Results There was a strong positive relationship whereby the prevalence of OFC at birth increased with increasing deprivation. This trend was statistically significant for cleft lip and/or palate (CL[P]: p = .016) but not for cleft palate (CP; p = .078). For each type of cleft, the relative risk among those resident in the most deprived areas, compared with those resident in the least deprived areas, was 2.33. Conclusions The association between OFC and socioeconomic status is consistent with a report for an earlier period in a smaller part of Scotland. Unlike the earlier study, this pattern appears to be stronger for CL(P) than for CP. These observations do not appear to be an artifact of recording. It is possible that they reflect the association between deprivation and risk factors for OFC, most likely tobacco smoking during pregnancy. Because the relationship between OFC and socioeconomic status appears to have been virtually unstudied in other populations, it would be valuable to investigate this relationship elsewhere and determine whether known risk factors account for the relationship.

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Risk factors and health consequences of physical and emotional violence against children in Zimbabwe: a nationally representative survey

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000533 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. e000533 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Handrick Chigiji ◽

Deborah Fry ◽

Tinashe Enock Mwadiwa ◽

Aldo Elizalde ◽

Noriko Izumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Peer Relationships ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

School Level ◽

National Population

IntroductionThis study provides, for the first time, comparable national population-based estimates that describe the nature and magnitude of physical and emotional violence during childhood in Zimbabwe.MethodsFrom August to September 2011, we conducted a national population-based survey of 2410 respondents aged 13–24 years, using a two-stage cluster sampling. Regression models were adjusted for relevant demographics to estimate the ORs for associations between violence, risk factors and various health-related outcomes.ResultsRespondents aged 18–24 years report a lifetime prevalence (before the age of 18) of 63.9% (among girls) to 76% (among boys) for physical violence by a parent or adult relative, 12.6% (girls) to 26.4% (boys) for humiliation in front of others, and 17.3% (girls) to 17.5% (boys) for feeling unwanted. Almost 50% of either sex aged 13–17 years experienced physical violence in the 12 months preceding the survey. Significant risk factors for experiencing physical violence for girls are ever experiencing emotional abuse prior to age 13, adult illness in the home, socioeconomic status and age. Boys’ risk factors include peer relationships and socioeconomic status, while caring teachers and trusted community members are protective factors. Risk factors for emotional abuse vary, including family relationships, teacher and school-level variables, socioeconomic status, and community trust and security. Emotional abuse is associated with increased suicide attempts for both boys and girls, among other health outcomes.ConclusionPhysical and emotional violence often work in tandem causing poor mental and physical health outcomes. Understanding risk factors for violence within the peer or family context is essential for improved violence prevention.

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Socioeconomic status and occupation as risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in Sweden: A population-based study

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2007.02.003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 129-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Xinjun Li ◽

Kristina Sundquist ◽

Jan Sundquist

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Obstructive Sleep

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Impact of socioeconomic status and gender on glycaemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes complications in type 1 and 2 diabetes: A population based analysis from a Scottish region

Diabetes & Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.diabet.2014.09.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 145-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

A. Collier ◽

S. Ghosh ◽

M. Hair ◽

N. Waugh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Diabetes Complications ◽

Population Based ◽

And Gender

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Socioeconomic status and risk factors for obesity and metabolic disorders in a population-based sample of adult females

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.021 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (2-3) ◽

pp. 165-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Sharon L. Brennan ◽

Margaret J. Henry ◽

Geoffrey C. Nicholson ◽

Mark A. Kotowicz ◽

Julie A. Pasco

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Population Based ◽

Adult Females

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Self-rated health and social capital in Iraqi immigrants to Sweden: The MEDIM population-based study

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494817730997 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 194-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Louise Bennet ◽

Martin Lindström

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Social Capital ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Female Gender ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Examination ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Iraqi Women

Objectives: Poor self-rated health is an estimator of quality of life and a predictor of mortality seldom studied in immigrant populations. This work aimed to study self-rated health in relation to social capital, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and comorbidity in immigrants from Iraq – one of the largest non-European immigrant group in Sweden today – and to compare it with the self-rated health of native Swedes. Design: The study was a cross-sectional population-based study conducted from 2010 to 2012 among citizens of Malmö, Sweden, aged 30–65 years and born in Iraq or Sweden. All participants underwent a health examination and answered questionnaires on self-rated health, social capital, comorbidity, lifestyle and socioeconomic status. Results: In total, 1348 Iraqis and 677 Swedes participated. Poor self-rated health was identified in 43.9% of Iraqis and 21.9% of native Swedes ( p<0.001), with the highest prevalence (55.5%) among Iraqi women. Low social capital was highly prevalent in the immigrants. Female gender showed higher odds of poor self-rated health in Iraqis than in Swedes (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.5, pinteraction=0.024), independent of other risk factors connected to social capital, socioeconomic status, lifestyle or comorbidity. Conclusions: Although public health initiatives promoting social capital, socioeconomic status and comorbidity in immigrants are crucial, the excess risk of poor self-rated health in Iraqi women is not fully attributed to known risk factors for self-rated health, but remains to be further explored.

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Risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in adults: a population-based study

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-812320172212.07862016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 4041-4050 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danielle Cristina Guimarães da Silva ◽

Wellington Segheto ◽

France Araújo Coelho ◽

Vanessa Guimarães Reis ◽

Sílvia Helena Oliveira Morais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Population Based ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Regular Consumption ◽

Excessive Consumption

Abstract The article describes the relative frequency ok of risk and protective behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults residing in Viçosa, Brazil. A cross-section-al population-based study including 1,226 adults living in the municipality. We used a structured questionnaire containing questions sociodemographic and behavioral The risk and protection factors evaluated were: smoking, physical activity, excessive consumption of alcohol and food consumption. The proportion of risk and protection factors was calculated in the total population, according to gender, education and socioeconomic status. The studied population has a high frequency of risk factors for NCDs, such as excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, habit of consuming whole milk, habit of eating meat with visible fat, regular consumption of soft drinks and 78.5% did not achieve the minimum recommendation for physical activity in leisure time. With regard to protective factors, 86.2% of the population reported regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, and 73%, of beans. It was found the highest frequency of risk factors in among males, in younger people and middle socioeconomic status. This population has an urgent need for public policy of municipal planning to change this current scenario.

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Risk factors for syphilis in young women attending a family health program in Vitória, Brazil

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia ◽

10.1590/s0365-05962012000100009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 76-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Angélica Espinosa Miranda ◽

Nínive Camilo Figueiredo ◽

Valdir Monteiro Pinto ◽

Kimberly Page ◽

Sinésio Talhari

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Women ◽

Sexual Partner ◽

Health Program ◽

Congenital Syphilis ◽

Family Health ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family Health Program ◽

History Of

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of STDs among women indicates the need to implement approaching techniques, case detection and prevention of new cases. OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of risk factors for syphilis and assess attitudes towards sexual risk in a population of young women in Vitória, ES. METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based study, performed in Vitória. Interviews were held and VDRL and MHA-TP were investigated in blood samples. RESULTS: Among the 904 eligible women (18-29 years) sampled from the Family Health Program (FHP), 11 were diagnosed with syphilis, a prevalence of 1.2% (CI95% 0.5-1.9). Median age was 23 years (interquartile range 20-26 years); 65.7% of participants were in high school or college and 85.4% lived with their family or sexual partner. Factors associated with syphilis included: lower educational level (<8 years of schooling) [Adjusted Odds Ratio aOR=4.3 (CI 95% 1.01-17.99)]; >1 lifetime sexual partners [(aOR) =6.50 (CI95% 1.37-30.82)], and history of a previously diagnosed STD [aOR=10.3 (CI95% 2.37-44.33)]. Two thirds (67.7%) of the women surveyed agreed that it is not easy to tell their sexual partner they do not want to have sex without condoms; 52.3% thought it is difficult to use condoms in all sexual intercourses, and 36.2% said they cannot do anything if their partner refuses to use condoms. CONCLUSIONS: Using the FHP as an approach to perform routine VDRL can contribute to decreasing the vulnerability of these women and help control congenital syphilis.

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Risk factors associated with Parkinson’s disease: An 11-year population-based South Korean study

10.1101/253690 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hyoung Seop Kim ◽

Hong-Jae Lee ◽

Jiook Cha ◽

Junbeom Kwon ◽

Hyunsun Lim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Health Insurance ◽

Old Age ◽

Proportional Hazards Model ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Population Based ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Statin Medication

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo validate various known risk factors of Parkinsonism and to establish basic information to formulate public health policy by using a 10-year follow-up cohort model.MethodsThis population based nation-wide study was performed using the National Health Insurance Database of reimbursement claims of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of South Korea data on regular health check-ups in 2003 and 2004, with 10 years’ follow-up.ResultsWe identified 7,746 patients with Parkinsonism. Old age, hypertension, diabetes, depression, anxiety, taking statin medication, high body mass index, non-smoking, non-alcohol drinking, and low socioeconomic status were each associated with an increase in the risk of Parkinsonism (fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards model: hazard ratio (HR) 1.259, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.194–1.328 for hypertension, HR 1.255, 95% CI 1.186–1.329 for diabetes, HR 1.554, 95% CI 1.664–1.965 for depression, HR 1.808, 95% CI 1.462–1.652 for anxiety, and HR 1.157, 95% CI 1.072–1.250 for taking statin medication).ConclusionsIn our study, old age, depression, anxiety, and a non-smoker status were found to be risk factors of Parkinsonism, in agreement with previous studies. However, sex, hypertension, diabetes, taking statin medication, non-drinking of Alcohol, and lower socioeconomic status have not been described as risk factors in previous studies and need further verification in future studies.

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