scholarly journals A Longitudinal Evaluation of Speech Rate in Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-404
Author(s):  
Rene L. Utianski ◽  
Peter R. Martin ◽  
Holly Hanley ◽  
Joseph R. Duffy ◽  
Hugo Botha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Rate ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Individuals with primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) have apraxia of speech (AOS) in which disruptions in articulation or prosody predominate the speech pattern, referred to, respectively, as phonetic or prosodic subtypes. Many develop aphasia and/or dysarthria. Past research has demonstrated that simple temporal acoustic measures are sensitive to the presence of AOS. The aim of this study was to describe the change in temporal acoustic measures over time and assess if specific patterns of AOS or co-occurring aphasia or dysarthria impact the rate of change over time. Method Durations for multiple productions of the words cat , catnip , catapult , and catastrophe , in an imitative speech task, were recorded for 73 patients, with two to six visits each. A linear mixed-effects model was used to assess the cross-sectional differences and longitudinal influence of AOS subtype and presence of aphasia/dysarthria on speech rate. Pearson correlations were calculated between rate measures and performance on other clinical measures. Results Cross-sectionally, patients with prosodic-predominant PPAOS produced words more slowly than those with phonetic-predominant PPAOS. Patients with either aphasia or dysarthria produced words more slowly than those without. Longitudinally, the speech rate of patients with phonetic-predominant PPAOS had a reduction of 0.5 syllables per second per year. Patients with prosodic-predominant AOS changed less quickly, as did those who developed aphasia. Dysarthria did not impact rate of change. There were strong associations between speech rate measures and other clinical indices of speech and language functioning. Conclusion Simple temporal acoustic measures may reflect the subtype of AOS (phonetic or prosodic predominant), serve as an index of progression of AOS, and inform prognostication relative to the presenting combination of speech and language features. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13564724

scholarly journals Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech: Clinical Features and Acoustic and Neurologic Correlates

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Duffy ◽  
Edythe A. Strand ◽  
Heather Clark ◽  
Mary Machulda ◽  
Jennifer L. Whitwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Error Score ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Variability Index ◽  
Index Measure ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This study summarizes 2 illustrative cases of a neurodegenerative speech disorder, primary progressive apraxia of speech (AOS), as a vehicle for providing an overview of the disorder and an approach to describing and quantifying its perceptual features and some of its temporal acoustic attributes. Method Two individuals with primary progressive AOS underwent speech-language and neurologic evaluations on 2 occasions, ranging from 2.0 to 7.5 years postonset. Performance on several tests, tasks, and rating scales, as well as several acoustic measures, were compared over time within and between cases. Acoustic measures were compared with performance of control speakers. Results Both patients initially presented with AOS as the only or predominant sign of disease and without aphasia or dysarthria. The presenting features and temporal progression were captured in an AOS Rating Scale, an Articulation Error Score, and temporal acoustic measures of utterance duration, syllable rates per second, rates of speechlike alternating motion and sequential motion, and a pairwise variability index measure. Conclusions AOS can be the predominant manifestation of neurodegenerative disease. Clinical ratings of its attributes and acoustic measures of some of its temporal characteristics can support its diagnosis and help quantify its salient characteristics and progression over time.

Entrepreneurial leadership: a missing link between perceived organizational support and organizational performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Imran ◽  
Raghad Ezzeldin Aldaas
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Leadership ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe current research is aimed at exploring entrepreneurial leadership (EL) as a mediator in perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational performance (OP) relationship. Furthermore, it also examined the impact of POS and entrepreneurial leadership on the performance of an organization.Design/methodology/approachA purposively selected sample of 216 respondents from the SME sector of Oman was chosen for the study.FindingsThe results revealed that POS and entrepreneurial leadership positively and significantly have an effect on organizational performance. Moreover, the hypothesized role of entrepreneurial leadership as a mediator between POS and OP relationship was also supported.Research limitations/implicationsIn spite of the novelty of the research, it was limited due to a few reasons. First, the research design is cross-sectional. Second, the research only focused SME sector. This research only focused on entrepreneurial leadership as a mediator, whereas, other mediators could have been explored as well.Originality/valueThe research on POS and organizational performance relationship is still in its exploration stage. Past research indicate that POS has an effect on different outcomes within an organization, including its performance. However, still, the research on the entrepreneurial leadership process is quite scarce. The current research will explore it in the context of Oman, where there is a dire need to establish SME sector performance. The unique combination between POS, entrepreneurial leadership and performance in the SME sector of Oman marks the novelty of the current research. This study contributes to the SME’s literature and it is among the pioneer studies exploring the mediating role of entrepreneurial leadership in the relationship between POS and OP.

scholarly journals Visuospatial Functioning in the Primary Progressive Aphasias

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa L. Watson ◽  
Katherine Possin ◽  
I. Elaine Allen ◽  
H. Isabel Hubbard ◽  
Marita Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Visuospatial Cognition ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Visuospatial Tasks ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to identify whether the three main primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants would show differential profiles on measures of visuospatial cognition. We hypothesized that the logopenic variant would have the most difficulty across tasks requiring visuospatial and visual memory abilities. Methods: PPA patients (n=156), diagnosed using current criteria, and controls were tested on a battery of tests tapping different aspects of visuospatial cognition. We compared the groups on an overall visuospatial factor; construction, immediate recall, delayed recall, and executive functioning composites; and on individual tests. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were made, adjusted for disease severity, age, and education. Results: The logopenic variant had significantly lower scores on the visuospatial factor and the most impaired scores on all composites. The nonfluent variant had significant difficulty on all visuospatial composites except the delayed recall, which differentiated them from the logopenic variant. In contrast, the semantic variants performed poorly only on delayed recall of visual information. The logopenic and nonfluent variants showed decline in figure copying performance over time, whereas in the semantic variant, this skill was remarkably preserved. Conclusions: This extensive examination of performance on visuospatial tasks in the PPA variants solidifies some previous findings, for example, delayed recall of visual stimuli adds value in differential diagnosis between logopenic variant PPA and nonfluent variant PPA variants, and illuminates the possibility of common mechanisms that underlie both linguistic and non-linguistic deficits in the variants. Furthermore, this is the first study that has investigated visuospatial functioning over time in the PPA variants. (JINS, 2018, 24, 259–268)

scholarly journals Temporal acoustic measures distinguish primary progressive apraxia of speech from primary progressive aphasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 84-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Duffy ◽  
Holly Hanley ◽  
Rene Utianski ◽  
Heather Clark ◽  
Edythe Strand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Acoustic Measures

scholarly journals Why Commit When the Future is Bright? The Interactive Effects of Future Time Perspecitve and Organizational Cynicism

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Goodman ◽  
Grant C. Corser ◽  
Nathan Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Continuance Commitment ◽  
Organizational Cynicism ◽  
Commitment Level ◽  
And Performance

Abstract An employee’s organizational commitment is essential to a firm’s success and performance. Past research reports mixed relationships between future time perspective and commitment. Recently, research has supported several moderating variables for this relationship. The current study tested organizational cynicism as a potential moderator. The sample consisted of 301 university alumni working in a variety of industries. The cross-sectional data supports an interaction between future time perspective and organizational cynicism on an individual’s affective and continuance commitment level. Data failed to support an interaction effect on the employee’s normative commitment.

L2 GRIT

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Majid Elahi Shirvan ◽  
Tahereh Taherian ◽  
Elham Yazdanmehr
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Measure Change ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Given the longitudinal nature of L2 grit, the use of conventional research methodologies with cross-sectional data to examine the validity of L2 grit scale seems inadequate. The present research was an attempt to extend the domain-specific phase of research on L2 grit, with the pursuit of long-term goals at its core, into a dynamic one. Thus, we adopted a longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis-curve of factors model (LCFA-CFM) approach to trace changes in L2 learners’ grit at different points of time in an EFL course. LCFA-CFM ensures measurement invariance over time, deals with second-order latent variables, takes into account measurement errors, and is capable of assessing interindividual differences. With this in mind, we, first, employed LCFA to test the factor invariance of L2 grit based on a bifactor CFA model over time and, second, used CFM to measure change of L2 grit during an L2 course. To do so, we collected data from 437 adult EFL learners in Iran in four time phases using the L2 grit scale and analyzed them using Mplus 7.4. The model fit was accepted and invariance of the latent factor of L2 grit was confirmed over time. Also, the negative covariance between initial level of L2 grit and its rate of change over time (second-order latent variables) suggested a steeper increase in the construct over time for learners with lower initial scores of the construct. That is, L2 learners who started at a higher level of L2 grit experienced less change in L2 grit over time. The LCFA-CFM ensured that the factor structure of L2 grit is invariant over time and provided insights into how L2 grit changes over an L2 course.

Organizational culture and performance: a macro-level longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taesung Kim ◽  
Jihyun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Market Cultures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to take a series of snapshots of perceived organizational culture over time, analyze the longitudinal pattern of its change, examine the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance and verify if the relationship remains consistent, regardless of the flow of time. Design/methodology/approach Competing values framework and balanced scorecard are employed to look at organizational culture and its link with organizational performance; the panel data with more than 400 Korean firms from three biennial waves (2011, 2013 and 2015) are analyzed for a macro-level longitudinal examination. Findings Findings include that clan and market cultures were more prevalent than adhocracy and hierarchy cultures, and clan culture significantly decreased over time (H1); adhocracy, clan and market cultures had a consistently positive relationship with all the performance variables over the years and demonstrated a stronger impact in that order (H2). Research limitations/implications The results call for continued research on organizational culture in a longitudinal and cross-sectional nature, and a more comprehensive culture framework for today’s organizations. Practical implications Suggestions include that leaders should engage in bilateral communications and network building for successful organization development and change, and take a comprehensive, long-range approach in conducting cultural assessments. Originality/value The current study addresses a lack of empirical support and a single organization, point-of-time perspective in organizational culture research by examining organizational culture and performance with a macro-level longitudinal approach.

Examining the Relationship Between Self-Perceptions of Person, Role, and Social Identity Change and Self-Concept Clarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Carter ◽  
Sara Bruene
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Identity Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Past research in the literature on the self has addressed how self-concept clarity changes over time. In this study, we use a cross-sectional research design to examine the relationship between self-perceptions of identity change and self-concept clarity, showing how fluctuations in self-concept clarity relate to two discrete dimensions of perceived identity change: the magnitude and direction of change. A survey was administered to 854 study participants that measured perceived changes in 12 discrete identities (four person, four role, and four social identities) over a 6-month period. The results reveal that generally the more severe one's perceived experience of identity change, the lower their degree of self-concept clarity. However, when the direction of one's perceived identity change is progressive (i.e., developing into an identity) rather than regressive (i.e., exiting out of an identity), one's degree of self-concept clarity increases.

Acoustic Correlates of Prosodic Abnormality in Acquired Apraxia of Speech

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Adam Jacks
Keyword(s):  
Speech Rate ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Relational Patterns ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Fluent Aphasia ◽  
Perceptual Differentiation

Abstract Purpose: Prosodic abnormality is one of the primary characteristics used for the perceptual differentiation between acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) and phonemic paraphasias in the context of fluent aphasia. Acoustic measures of speech prosody are not frequently used in the clinical assessment of AOS, but would be useful as a method of quantifying prosodic abnormality. The purpose of this paper is to describe acoustic characteristics of prosodic abnormality in adult speakers with AOS. Method: Previous investigations of acoustic measures of speech prosody in AOS were reviewed, focusing on studies of duration, fundamental frequency (F0), and speech intensity. Results and Conclusions: Prosodic abnormality in adults with AOS is primarily characterized by articulatory prolongation. In some individuals, relational patterns among syllables are retained despite overall increased duration, while others produce syllables that are temporally isolated, giving the impression that speech is programmed one syllable at a time. Syllable segregation is also noted in F0 and intensity contours that lack continuity across syllables. Metrics are suggested for use in quantification of prosodic abnormality in AOS. The review of findings, particularly slowed speech rate, is interpreted in the context of theoretical models of speech including impaired or intact feedback mechanisms in speakers with AOS.

Is Seeing Believing?

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Eyssel ◽  
Daniel Geschke ◽  
Wolfgang Frindte
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Channel Preference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Islamophobia is a severe issue in Germany and other Western societies. To advance our understanding and contribute to possible solutions, the present two-wave field study investigated the role of TV consumption in the emergence and maintenance of Islamophobia in a weighted sample of non-Muslim Germans (N = 97; aged 14–33 years). Past research has indicated a negative bias in Islam-related news coverage, which is especially extreme on German private TV channels. The present study investigated the relationship between TV consumption and Islamophobia using Slater’s theory of reinforcing spirals of media selectivity and effects ( Slater, 2007 , Communication Theory, 17, 281–303). It sought to investigate the validity of and to refine Slater’s theory. Thus, TV consumption was differentiated between quantity and quality (divided between preference for public channels ARD/ZDF and private channels RTL/Sat.1). We hypothesized (a) a significant cross-sectional relationship of quantity and quality of TV consumption (preference for public/private channels) to the Islamophobia level, and (b) a mutual reinforcement of quantity/quality of TV consumption and Islamophobia over time. Results of step-wise linear regressions showed significant relations of private channel preference to levels of Islamophobia (cross-sectional) and a mutually reinforcing spiral process between the private channel preference and Islamophobia over time. The results emphasize (a) the importance of a specification of the construct of media use central to Slater's theory and (b) the need for an improvement of the Islam-related news coverage to decrease Islamophobia in Germany.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document