Replacement of Stuttering with Normal Speech: III. Clinical Effectiveness

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Perkins ◽  
Joanna Rudas ◽  
Linda Johnson ◽  
William B. Michael ◽  
Richard F. Curlee
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Normal Speech ◽  
Group 1

Two forms of behavioral management of stuttering were tested for effectiveness, efficiency, and permanence. The emphasis with 27 clients in Method 1 was on control of rate to maintain fluency. The emphasis with 17 clients in Method 2 was on control of rate to facilitate normal management of the breathstream, phrasing, and prosody, as well as fluency. Stuttering was reduced for all clients with both methods. Ninety-two percent of Group 1 (Method 1) and all of Group 2 (Method 2) retained some improvement six months after treatment. Seventy percent of both groups had reduced their stuttering by 85% or more at the termination of treatment. Six months later, only 30% of Group 1 retained that level of improvement, in contrast with 53% of Group 2. Coupling an 85% reduction in stuttering with a criterion for normal (225+ syllables per minute), only 44% of Group 1, as compared with 65% of Group 2, achieved normal speech during treatment. Listeners judged Group 1 as being slower and less expressive than normal speakers but not different in fluency. Group 2 was judged as more fluent but otherwise no different from normals.

No Effect of Rapamycin on Cardiac Adhesion Formation: A Drug-Loaded Bioresorbable Polylactone Patch in a Porcine Cardiac Surgical Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Saddiq Qazi ◽  
Benedict Kjaergaard ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
Hong Shen ◽  
Shenguo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: The fusing of the epicardium and sternum due to adhesion is a common problem during repeated cardiac surgery and carries with it an increased risk of bleeding. The use of barriers and patches has been tested to prevent the formation of adhesions, but the very presence of a patch can provoke adhesion formation. The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate both biodegradable and bioresorbable polylactone patches [(polycaprolactone-poly(ethylene oxide)-polycaprolactone tri-block copolymer (PCE)]. The patches were also tested with a controlled release of rapamycin, which prevents cell migration and extracellular matrix deposition. The clinical effectiveness of rapamycin in pericardial patches has not previously been examined. Materials and Methods: Three groups of 6 female Danish Landrace pigs underwent sternotomy and abrasion of the epicardium, before being randomized to either group 1 - the control group (with no patch), group 2 - PCE patch implanted between the sternum and epicardium, or group 3 - PCE patch and slow-release 1.6-mg rapamycin. After a median time period of 26 days, the pigs were euthanized and their hearts removed en bloc with the sternum, for macroscopic, histological and pathological examination. Results: Upon macroscopic examination, a significantly lower degree of adhesion in group 2, as compared to group 1 (p < 0.05), was found. Histological analysis of the tissues showed significantly more fibrosis, inflammation and foreign body granulomas (p < 0.05) in both group 2 and group 3, when compared to group 1. Conclusion: A PCE patch following sternotomy in animal subjects reduces postoperative macroscopic adhesions without reducing microscopic fibrosis or inflammation. Loading the patch with rapamycin was found not to increase the antifibrotic effect.

scholarly journals CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTRAL IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PANCREATITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
O. S. Khukhina ◽  
I. V. Dudka ◽  
T. V. Dudka ◽  
V. S. Smandych
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Inhibitory System ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Integrated Therapy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Dynamic Indicators

The studies on the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) have proven the important role of systemic inflammation, factors of proteinase-inhibitory system with increasing damaging effects of systemic proteolysis, disturbance of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis, changes in blood lipid and protein spectroscopic processes that collectively contribute to inhibition of reparative processes and the activation of pancreatic fibrosis processes. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of applying Antral medicine in the treatment of CP in the exacerbation phase on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of clinical course of CP and structural and functional disorders of the pancreas. Material and methods. 52 patients with CP of mixed aetiology were examined in the exacerbation phase of moderate severity. The first group (group 1, control) included 24 people, who received standard treatment within 30 days. The main group (group 2) involved 28 people, who in addition to the standard therapy took Antral (Pharmak OAO, Kyiv) in a dose of 1 tablet (200 mg) 3 times a day for 30 days. The comparison group consisted of 30 healthy individuals of the same age and sex. Results. In 4 weeks since the beginning of the therapy, the astheno-vegetative syndrome was found as significantly less manifested in only 2 people (7.1%) of the 2 groups, whereas in the 1 group it remained in 17 patients. At the same time in all patients of group 2 (100.0%) the pain and feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region, pain in the left and right subcostal area were disappeared, they did not complain of nausea. The restoration of physical performance in 100.0% of patients in the 2 group can be regarded as a positive manifestation of the therapy efficacy. Analyzing the indicators, which characterize the phase of CP exacerbation, it is necessary to note the patients of the 2 group demonstrated higher efficacy of their treatment program. Thus, dynamic indicators of blood α-amylase activity against the background of hyperfermentemia diagnosed prior the treatment and in the phase of CP exacerbation significantly decreased in both groups of observation on the 30th day of the therapy; the syndrome of enzyme rejection in the blood was eliminated in 100% of patients of the 2 groups; whereas in group 1 this was observed only in 58.3% of the patients. The dynamic of indicators of the inflammation syndrome in patients with CP (by blood C-reactive protein content) indicates its complete elimination in 96.4% of the patients in group 2 vs. 29.2% of the patients in group 1. Analysis of the dynamic indicators of elastase-1 content in the faeces of the patients with CP on the 30th day of the therapy indicates a significant increase in this indicator in only group 2. Restoration of the secretory capacity of the pancreas was observed in 78.6% of patients in group 2 vs. 20.8% of the patients in group 1. Conclusions. Complex therapy of patients with chronic pancreatitis with applying Antral in addition to the integrated therapy has led to faster, when compared with only standard therapy, achieving clinical remission of chronic pancreatitis, elimination of inflammatory pancreatic oedema, hyperfermentemia and inflammation, restoration of the external secretion of the pancreas.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage use in the focus of hospital-acquired shigellosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-921
Author(s):  
E S Kurakin
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Group 1

Aim. Evaluation of epidemiologic effectiveness of polyvalent dysentery bacteriophage use for management of infection outbreak caused by Shigella flexneri. Methods. Investigation was performed in Tula psychoneurological hospital where the persistent focus of shigellosis was formed by Sh. flexneri 2a. As part of the study, evaluation of efficacy of antibacterial treatment (ciprofloxacin 250 mg per day for 7 days - group 1) was performed by evaluating duration of bacterial excretion in 18 patients with mild, 21 with moderate and 2 with severe Shigella infection. At the same time efficacy of Shigella bacteriophage (group 2) was assessed during treatment of 19 patients with mild and 17 with moderate form of the infection. Prevention of hospital-acquired shigellosis was provided for all patients in the departments where the infection was diagnosed. In this case bacteriophage was administered as following: first 5 days - 2 pills of bacteriophage 4 times a day, then 2 pills once a day during the whole period of hospitalization. This scheme was administered also to all patients newly admitted to the involved departments from day 1 of hospital stay. Results. Treatment with antibiotics led to fast and full recovery not in all cases. Insufficient clinical effect (persistence of disease signs and bacterial excretion for more than 7 days) in the treatment of mild, moderate and severe forms of Shigella infection was 16.7, 61.9 and 50.0%, respectively. High clinical effectiveness was noted in the treatment of patients with the use of Shigella bacteriophage. Ratio of insufficient clinical recovery from mild and moderate forms of the disease was 5.3 and 17.6%, respectively. In the course of anti-epidemiological measures aimed at localization and elimination of the focus, about 1000 patients were exposed to mentioned regimen of prevention. No patients had manifested infection or bacterial excretion registered. Conclusion. The study confirmed clinical and epidemiological effectiveness of polyvalent dysentery bacteriophage use for management of outbreak caused by Sh. flexneri 2a.

scholarly journals Anti-relapse therapy of endometriosis: possible variations

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
N.F. Zakharenko ◽  
S.I. Regeda ◽  
I.P. Manoliak ◽  
V.S. Solskyy
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Extragenital Endometriosis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relapse Therapy ◽  
Group 1

Research aim: to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of bioavailable curcumin Longimin® in the complex anti-relapse therapy of patients with extragenital endometriosis after surgery.Materials and methods. Study involved 45 women with a mean age of 29.3 ± 3.6 years with a diagnosis of extragenital endometriosis. After surgical treatment of this disease all patients were prescribed dienogest 2 mg/day for 6 months with anti-relapse purpose. After that, 22 patients did not receive drug treatment (group 1) and other 23 women started a six-month course of 400 mg bioavailable curcumin (group 2).Results. After 12 months of observation 3 cases (13.6%) of newly formed foci of endometriosis were found among patients of group 1, two of which were multi-endometriomas, and the third was retrocervical heterotopia. There were no signs of recurrence in the group of sequential use of dienogest and bioavailable curcumin. In addition, 6 months after completion of hormonal treatment the number of women with chronic pelvic pain in group 1 was increased and average score on a visual analogue scale (VAS) was increased by 80% (p ≤0.05). It was accompanied by a stable moderately high level of anxiety throughout the observation period. At the same time the number of women who complained of intermenstrual pain in group 2 decreased from 15 to 13, and the average VAS score decreased by 13% (p ≥0.05) during the treatment period. Patients in group 2 noted an improvement in emotional control during treatment, which resulted in the average score decrease on the scale of personal and situational anxiety of the Spielberg-Hanin's questionnaire (25% and 30% respectively, p ≤0.05).Conclusions. The nature of the endometriosis development and progression is multipathogenetic. Blocking only its hormonal link, especially in cases of extragenital forms, may not be sufficient to stop the pathological process and prevent recurrence in the long term. Оbtained results of sequential course of dienogest and bioavailable curcumin Longimin® with anti-relapse purpose showed the wider clinical effectiveness of this therapy, which is probably based on additional inhibition of systemic inflammation, proliferation, stroma and psychogenic component of disease.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Approach to the Management of Patients with Recurrent Corneal Erosions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
A. V. Doga ◽  
N. V. Maychuk ◽  
I. A. Mushkova ◽  
I. A. Babitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Corneal Erosion ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

In the Russian literature, there are only a few works that summarize their own experience in the treatment of recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) in a limited group of patients, which actualizes further research in this direction.Objective: to develop and evaluate the clinical effectiveness of an integrated approach to the management of patients with RCE.Patients and methods. 69 patients (69 eyes) with RCE and a disease duration of at least two years, who were divided into 3 groups according to the frequency of relapses: group 1 (12 people) — episodes of RCE no more than 2–4 times a year; Group 2 (19 people) — RCE episodes no more than once a month; Group 3 (38 people) — RCE episodes more than 2 times a month. All patients were cured by pharmacological support, if conservative therapy was ineffective (1 relapse during treatment within 1 month), phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) was performed with the application of a bandage contact lens and the appointment of pathogenetically-oriented treatment for up to 1 year. The average follow-up period was 28.6 ± 6.1 months.Results and discussion. In group 1, during the entire period of observation, RCE was compensated by the therapy, in the other groups, the effectiveness was lower, which in 41 (59.4 %) cases required the implementation of PTK. There were no relapses of corneal erosion after PTK with subsequent pathogenetically-oriented therapy, including heparin-containing medications in instillation (CHYLOPARIN-KOMOD®) and ointment forms (PARIN-POS®) for 1 year.Conclusion. The high effectiveness of PTK with subsequent pathogenetically-oriented pharmacological support may be the basis for a broader recommendation of this method in patients with RCE and a relapse rate of more than 1 time a month. 

scholarly journals Isolated Subclinical Hyperthyrotropinemia in Obese Children: Does Levothyroxine (LT4) Improve Weight Reduction during Combined Behavioral Therapy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Matusik ◽  
Aneta Gawlik ◽  
Aleksandra Januszek-Trzciakowska ◽  
Ewa Malecka-Tendera
Keyword(s):  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Weight Reduction Program ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. The study aim was to analyze whether anthropometrical parameters and TSH values in obese children with isolated subclinical hypothyroidism (IsHT) treated with levothyroxine (LT4) and weight reduction program differ from those managed by dietary and behavior counselling only.Material and Methods. 51 obese children with IsHT, who were treated according to the same weight reduction program, were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups: Group 1,n=26, and Group 2,n=25, without or with LT4 therapy, respectively. Changes in anthropometrical (delta BMIz-score) and hormonal (delta TSH) status were analyzed at the first follow-up visit.Results. In both groups significant decrease of TSH and BMIz-score values were noted. TSH normalized in 80.9% of children from Group 1 versus 90.5% from Group 2,p= NS. Delta BMIz-score was insignificantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2. Delta TSH was significantly related to initial TSH level in children treated by lifestyle intervention program only.Conclusions. In obese children with sHT dietary-behavioral management intervention contributed to reduction of body mass index, irrespective of levothyroxine use. This finding suggests that moderately elevated levels of TSH are a consequence rather than cause of overweight and pharmacological treatment should be avoided.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of the drug «Forvet»® in the complex therapy of infectious rhinotracheitis in cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Svetlana Schepetkina ◽  
Oksana Rishko ◽  
Veronika Matveeva ◽  
Aleksey Kiselev ◽  
Natal'ya Lahova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The article presents the results of a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness of the drug «Forvet»®. Purpose of research. To determine the effectiveness of the drug «Forvet»® in the complex therapy of infectious rhinotracheitis (herpes virus infection FHV-1) in cats. Materials and methods. The effectiveness of the drug was investigated in a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled study, which was conducted in two veterinary clinics of the Heliet network (Saint Petersburg) in the period from 09.01.2019 to 31.12.2019. The experiment included 120 cats aged 5 to 6 months, weight 1.5... 2 kg, with a diagnosis of «infectious cat rhinotracheitis», based on the results of diagnostic studies (anamnesis, PCR, clinical blood test, body temperature, discharge from the eyes and nasal cavity, the presence of lesions on the mucous membranes). PCR and clinical blood tests were performed on the day of the animal's treatment (to confirm the diagnosis), on the 5th and 10th days of treatment. During the study, the animals were examined by a veterinary specialist with documented clinical signs on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th days of treatment. The treatment regimen was the same for all animals and included the use of an antibacterial drug (sinulox) for 10 days according to the instructions; eye treatment with lotion (chamomile), eye ointment (tetracycline 1 %) ― 2 times a day,7 days. Group 1 (placebo) was administered an isotonic solution of sodium chloride, group 2 (experimental) was administered the drug «Forvet»®― in a dose of 1 ml, once a day, hypodermically for 10 days. Animals in a serious condition were additionally injected with a 5 % glucose solution ― 50 ml intravenously, once or twice a day, until the appearance of appetite. Results. Based on the analysis of the results of a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled study, the clinical effectiveness of the drug «Forvet»® ― a polysaccharide complex of the class of hexose glycosides as part of the complex therapy of cat herpesvirus infection (FHV pathogen) was established. In the treatment of rhinotracheitis in the group of animals that were used «Forvet»® observed faster elimination of the virus, the return of blood parameters to the limits of the physiological norm, a decrease in the severity of clinical signs of the disease by the fifth day and almost complete clinical recovery by the seventh day of treat

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

The influence of continuous local wound infusion on postoperative pain in patients undergoing transfemoral amputation

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Uhl ◽  
Thomas Betz ◽  
Andrea Rupp ◽  
Markus Steinbauer ◽  
Ingolf Töpel
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Phantom Pain ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Postoperative Wound ◽  
Stump Pain ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract. Summary: Background: This pilot study was set up to examine the effects of a continuous postoperative wound infusion system with a local anaesthetic on perioperative pain and the consumption of analgesics. Patients and methods: We included 42 patients in this prospective observational pilot study. Patients were divided into two groups. One group was treated in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol and in addition to that received a continuous local wound infusion treatment (Group 1). Group 2 was treated with analgesics in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol, exclusively. Results: The study demonstrated a significantly reduced postoperative VAS score for stump pain in Group 1 for the first 5 days. Furthermore, the intake of opiates was significantly reduced in Group 1 (day 1, Group 1: 42.1 vs. Group 2: 73.5, p = 0.010; day 2, Group 1: 27.7 vs. Group 2: 52.5, p = 0.012; day 3, Group 1: 23.9 vs. Group 2: 53.5, p = 0.002; day 4, Group 1: 15.7 vs. Group 2: 48.3, p = 0.003; day 5, Group 1 13.3 vs. Group 2: 49.9, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups, neither in phantom pain intensity at discharge nor postoperative complications and death. Conclusions: Continuous postoperative wound infusion with a local anaesthetic in combination with a standard pain management protocol can reduce both stump pain and opiate intake in patients who have undergone transfemoral amputation. Phantom pain was not significantly affected.

Abnormal Haemostasis and Blood Viscosity in Malignant Hypertension

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Isles ◽  
G D O Lowe ◽  
B M Rankin ◽  
C D Forbes ◽  
N Lucie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SummaryWe have previously shown abnormalities of haemostasis suggestive of intravascular coagulation in patients with malignant hypertension, a condition associated with retinopathy and renal fibrin deposition. To determine whether such abnormalities are specific to malignant hypertension, we have measured several haemostatic and haemorheological variables in 18 patients with malignant hypertension (Group 1), 18 matched healthy controls (Group 2), and 18 patients with non-malignant hypertension (Group 3) matched for renal pathology, blood pressure and serum creatinine with Group 1. Both Groups 1 and 3 had increased mean levels of fibrinogen, factor VIIIc, beta-thrombo- globulin, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity (corrected for haematocrit); and decreased mean levels of haematocrit, antithrombin III and platelet count. Mean levels of fast antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin were elevated in Group 1 but not in Group 3. We conclude that most blood abnormalities are not specific to malignant hypertension; are also present in patients with non-malignant hypertension who have similar levels of blood pressure and renal damage; and might result from renal damage as well as promoting further renal damage by enhancing fibrin deposition. However increased levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors in malignant hypertension merit further investigation in relation to removal of renal fibrin.

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