Instrumentation for Measurement of Lingual Strength

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Joan Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Displacement Transducer ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pressure Unit ◽  
Force Displacement ◽  
Consistent Response

A tongue pressure unit for measurement of lingual strength and patterns of tongue pressure is described. It consists of a force displacement transducer, a single channel, direct writing recording system, and a specially designed tongue pressure disk, head stabilizer, and pressure unit holder. Calibration with known weights indicated an essentially linear and consistent response. An evaluation of subject reliability in which 17 young adults were tested on two occasions revealed no significant difference in maximum pressure exerted during the two test trials. Suggestions for clinical and research use of the instrumentation are noted.

scholarly journals Rocker outsole shoe is not a threat to postural stability in patients with diabetic neuropathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banafshe Ghomian ◽  
Mojtaba Kamyab ◽  
Hassan Jafari ◽  
Mohammadebrahim Khamseh ◽  
Aoife Healy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foot Ulceration ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Force Displacement

Background: Rocker outsole shoes are commonly prescribed to patients with diabetic neuropathy to offload a particular area of the foot sole, thereby decreasing the risk of foot ulceration. Contrary to this, some evidence has reported a postural destabilising effect of these shoes in healthy adults. Objective: To explore the postural stability of patients with diabetic neuropathy who wear a rocker outsole shoe. Study design: Quasi-experimental. Method: In total, 17 patients with diabetic neuropathy (aged 49.29 ± 7.48 years; 7 female, 10 males) participated in this study. A Motor Control Test measuring centre of force displacement, response strength scale and response latency in medium and large perturbations was conducted using the EquiTest system to evaluate postural stability while wearing a baseline shoe (without a rocker outsole) or a rocker outsole shoe (with a toe-only rocker sole). Results: No significant difference was observed between the shoe conditions in centre of force displacement and response latency of the participants (p > 0.05). The results indicated a significant increase in the response strength scale of participants by the rocker outsole, for medium forward and backward and large forward perturbations ( p = 0.014, p = 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively). Conclusion: When the immediate effect is a concern, the rocker outsole shoe did not negatively affect postural stability in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Clinical relevance This article will provide objective evidence about the effect of rocker outsole on postural balance in diabetic patients. In prescription of rocker outsole to prevent plantar ulceration of diabetic foot, immediate postural destabilising is not a concern.

scholarly journals Sequential Coordination between Lingual and Pharyngeal Pressures Produced during Dry Swallowing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitsuro Yano ◽  
Yoichiro Aoyagi ◽  
Takahiro Ono ◽  
Kazuhiro Hori ◽  
Wakami Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Measuring Point ◽  
Pharyngeal Pressure ◽  
Median Part ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate oropharyngeal pressure flow dynamics during dry swallowing in ten healthy subjects. Tongue pressure (TP) was measured using a sensor sheet system with five measuring points on the hard palate, and pharyngeal pressure (PP) was measured using a manometric catheter with four measuring points. The order and correlations of sequential events, such as onset, peak, and offset times of pressure production, at each pressure measuring point were analyzed on the synchronized waveforms. Onset of TP was earlier than that of PP. The peak of TP did not show significant differences with the onset of PP, and it was earlier than that of PP. There was no significant difference between the offset of TP and PP. The onset of PP was temporally time-locked to the peak of TP, and there was an especially strong correlation between the onset of PP and TP at the posterior-median part on the hard palate. The offset of PP was temporally time-locked to that of TP. These results could be interpreted as providing an explanation for the generation of oropharyngeal pressure flow to ensure efficient bolus transport and safe swallowing.

Use of a modified Ussing chamber to monitor intestinal epithelial and smooth muscle functions

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (1) ◽  
pp. G166-G170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. Li ◽  
N. W. Weisbrodt ◽  
Y. Harari ◽  
F. G. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Displacement Transducer ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Force Displacement ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Muscle Functions

A technique that allows the simultaneous monitoring of epithelial and smooth muscle function was developed and used to study rat small intestine in vitro. A Ussing chamber was modified so that a strain gauge force transducer could be sewn to the serosal surface of an intestinal segment clamped in the chamber. The apparatus was used to monitor short-circuit current, potential difference, and resistance across the segment, and contractions of the longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa. Both spontaneous activity and responses to the application of carbachol were recorded. Carbachol applied to the serosal side induced dose-dependent increases in both short-circuit current and contractile force. The median effective doses of the two responses differed, with contractions being more sensitive to the drug. Carbachol applied to the mucosal side induced no changes in either epithelial or contractile activities. The ability of the serosal strain gauge transducer to monitor contractions faithfully was tested in an organ bath in which the gut segment was attached to an external force-displacement transducer. There was a close correlation between the dose-dependent increase in force in response to carbachol measured by the serosal transducer and that measured by the force-displacement transducer (r = 0.988). Thus our technique can be used to study simultaneously epithelial and smooth muscle functions of the intestine.

Development of a Heuristics Model for Simplifying a Multi-Channel Queuing System

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 647-652
Author(s):  
B. Kareem ◽  
A. A. Aderoba
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Queuing System ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Average Waiting Time ◽  
Queuing Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Customers ◽  
Proportionality Principle

Queuing model has been discussed widely in literature. The structures of queuing systems are broadly divided into three namely; single, multi-channel, and mixed. Equations for solving these queuing problems vary in complexity. The most complex of them is the multi-channel queuing problem. A heuristically simplified equation based on relative comparison, using proportionality principle, of the measured effectiveness from the single and multi-channel models seems promising in solving this complex problem. In this study, six different queuing models were used from which five of them are single-channel systems while the balance is multi-channel. Equations for solving these models were identified based on their properties. Queuing models’ performance parameters were measured using relative proportionality principle from which complexity of multi-channel system was transformed to a simple linear relation of the form = . This showed that the performance obtained from single channel model has a linear relationship with corresponding to multi-channel, and is a factor which varies with the structure of queuing system. The model was tested with practical data collected on the arrival and departure of customers from a cocoa processing factory. The performances obtained based on average number of customers on line , average number of customers in the system , average waiting time in line and average waiting time in the system, under certain conditions showed no significant difference between using heuristics and analytical models.

Direct determination of the contractility of the guinea pig gallbladder: a new in vivo model

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1038-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Pomeranz ◽  
J. S. Davison ◽  
E. A. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Displacement Transducer ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Gallbladder Emptying ◽  
Gallbladder Contraction ◽  
Force Displacement

In vivo methods to study gallbladder contractility either equate gallbladder emptying with contraction or have relied on changes in gallbladder intravesicular pressure to reflect active transmural tension. We therefore devised an animal model in which the contractile force of the intact gallbladder is measured directly while the blood and neural supply remains uncompromised. Under general anesthesia one pole of the guinea pig gallbladder is anchored to the sternum and the other connected to a force displacement transducer. Any contraction–relaxation between these two points is recorded. This model was validated by measuring gallbladder response to both neuronal and humoral stimulation. Nerve stimulation was accomplished by means of two silver collar electrodes placed in contact with the cystic duct. With nerve stimulation, a frequency (0.5–10 Hz) or amplitude (1–10 V) dependent contraction occurred. Intravenous bethanechol (10 × 104 ng∙kg−1∙h−1) and cholecystokinin (3 × 104 ng∙kg−1∙h−1) both induced dose-dependent gallbladder contraction. This model should prove useful in assessing the physiologic control of gallbladder contraction.

scholarly journals Research on Male and Female Youth Perceptions on the Use of Pornographic Displays in Social Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
The Internet ◽  
P Value ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Pornography Consumption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Youth Perceptions ◽  
Gender Based

The internet is one of the basic needs of everyone's life. The internet can be easily accessed anywhere with the uses of smartphones in which people can obtain any information and current news by the fingertip. Pornography is estimated to be one of the most frequent search topics on the Internet. This research is being conducted through a quantitative method which is a surveying method that uses a questionnaire that includes a profile of sexual behavior and using the Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI) questionnaire. This questionnaire was distributed to 1340 respondent that come from the youth of man and woman between age 15 until 40 in Malaysia. The research use Z-test analysis method which is N=421 for male and N=919 for female. The outcome of this research that was being analysed using Z-test show a significant difference of mean score from four factors which are Sexual Curiosity (SC), Emotional Avoidance (EA), Excitement Seeking (ES), and Sexual Pleasure (SP) between gender. Based on the Ztest, the p-value of all factors is <0.0001 which is less than 0.05.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pemberian Edukasi Berbasis Audiovisual dan Tutorial Tentang Antiretroviral (ARV) Terhadap Kepatuhan Pengobatan pada Pasien HIV/AIDS di Klinik Teratai Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung Tahun 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Sinta Fresia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstrak Latar Belakang : Terjadinya peningkatan jumlah pasien HIV/AIDS dan rendahnya kualitas hidup pasien HIV/AIDS menimbulkan masalah yang cukup luas pada individu yang terinfeksi yakni masalah fisik, social dan emosional.Untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan harapan hidup pasien HIV/AIDS harus mendapatkan terapi Antiretrovirus (ARV) seumur hidup dan dibutuhkan pengawasan terhadap kepatuhan minum obat.Oleh karena itu pasien HIV/AIDS membutuhkan edukasi untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat dengan metode terbaru yaitu tutorial dan audiovisual.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa perbedaan efektivitas pemberian edukasi berbasis audiovisual dan tutorial tentang ARV terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan pasien HIV/ AIDS. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Quasi eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest-posttes design without control group.Jumlah sampel 27 responden dibagi 3 kelompok dengan 3 perlakuan berbeda.Masing-masing 9 responden diberikan edukasi dengan metode audiovisual, tutorial, audiovisual dan tutorial.Penelitian dilakukan di Klinik Teratai Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Mei-Juni 2016. Hasil : Ada perbedaan rata-rata mean kepatuhan edukasi dengan audiovisual 2,444, (Pvalue=0,003, 95% CI=1,107-3,782), edukasi dengan metode tutorial perbedaan mean 1,556 (Pvalue=0,023, 95% CI=1,274-2,837), edukasi dengan audiovisual dan tutorial didapatkan perbedaan mean 3,667 (Pvalue=0,003, 95% CI=1,670-5,664). Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan yang significant rata-rata kepatuhan pada masing-masing kelompok intervensi edukasi.Kombinasi edukasi berbasis audiovisual dan tutorial memberikan hasil yang paling baik. Abstract Background : An increasing number of patients with HIV/AIDS and low quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS cause considerable problems in individuals infected area.There are physical, social and emotional problems.To improve the quality of life of receive antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for life.This requires adherence and supervision taking medication. There fore urgently needed education to improve adherence with the latest audiovisual and tutorial methods. The purpose of this research is to analyze the difference effectiveness of education based audiovisual and tutorial method on ARV treatment adherence with HIV/AIDS patients.Methods : This research use quasi experimental design with pretest and posttest without control group. The numbers of sample in this research is 27 sample. Responden group divided into three different education methode. 9 responden in audiovisual methode,9 responden in tutorial methode and 9 responden in audiovisual and tutorial methode. The study was conducted at the Clinic Teratai Hasan Sadikin Hospital in May-June, 2016. Results : There is a diference in average adherence. In audiovisual methode mean 2,444 (Pvalue=0,003, 95% CI=1,107-3,782), tutorial methode 1,556(Pvalue=0,023, 95% CI=1,274-2,837), audiovisual and tutorial methode mean 3,667 (Pvalue =0,003, 95% CI=1,670-5,664).Conclusion : There is a significant difference in the average adherence in difference methode.Especially in audiovisual and tutorial methode. The combination of audiovisual and tutorial-based education gives the best results

scholarly journals Digitizing abdominal palpation with a pressure measurement and positioning device

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10511
Author(s):  
Jia-Lien Hsu ◽  
Chia-Hui Lee ◽  
Chung-Ho Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Precise Position ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abdominal Palpation ◽  
Four Quadrant

An abdominal physical examination is one of the most important tools in evaluating patients with acute abdominal pain. We focused on palpation, in which assessment is made according to the patient’s response and force feedback. Since palpation is performed manually by the examiner, the uniformity of force and location is difficult to achieve during examinations. We propose an integrated system to quantify palpation pressure and location. A force sensor continuously collects pressure data, while a camera locates the precise position of contact. The system recorded, displayed average and maximum pressure by creating a pressure/time curve for computer-aided diagnosis. Compared with previous work on pressure sensors of quantifying abdominal palpation, our proposed system is the integrated approach to measure palpation force and track the corresponding position at the same time, for further diagnosis. In addition, we only make use of a sensing device and a general web camera, rather than commercial algometry and infrared cameras used in the previous work. Based on our clinical trials, the statistics of palpation pressure values and the corresponding findings are also reported. We performed abdominal palpation with our system for twenty-three healthy participants, including fourteen males and nine females. We applied two grades of force on the abdomen (light and deep) by four-quadrant and nine-region schemes, record the value of pressure and location. In the four-quadrant scheme, the average pressures of abdominal palpation with light and deep force levels were 0.506(N) and 0.552(N), respectively. In the nine-region scheme, the average pressures were 0.496(N) and 0.577(N), respectively. Two episodes of contact dermal reaction were identified. According to our experiment statistics, there is no significant difference in the force level between the four-quadrant and nine-region scheme. Our results have the potential to be used as a reference guide while designing digital abdominal palpation devices.

scholarly journals A study on effect of strain-counterstrain in plantar fasciitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Pournima A. Pawar ◽  
Ruchi U. Tople ◽  
Ujwal L. Yeole ◽  
Gaurai M. Gharote ◽  
Rasika B. Panse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manual Therapy ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Disability Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Background: Bipedal locomotion is a unique feature of human beings and has the advantage of upright mobility. Hence, foot becomes the most important weight loading structure and gets the maximum pressure per unit area. Plantar fasciitis is a painful inflammatory process of the plantar fascia, the connective tissue on the sole of the foot. Thus a study was conducted to determine the effect of strain-counterstrain in plantar fasciitis.Methods: 30 individuals aged between 18-35 years both male and female with plantar fasciitis were recruited for the study. The patients were treated for a period of 7 days using the technique of strain-counterstrain. Pre-intervention and post-intervention scores of Plantar Fasciitis Pain and Disability scale were assessed and were analysed using unpaired t-test and repeated ANOVA.Results: There was equal distribution of occurrence of plantar fasciitis among both the genders out of the population of study.  A significant difference was noted between the pre and post interventional measure of a type of manual therapy called strain-counterstrain (p<0.0001). The difference between pre intervention and after third day intervention did not show much of a difference. However after fifth day a considerable difference was noted (p <0.0001).  It was noted that limited dorsiflexion improved after one week of interventional measure of strain-counterstrain (p <0.0001).Conclusions: The technique of strain-counterstrain which is a type of manual therapy is effective in patients affected by plantar fasciitis. It also showed an improvement in the limited ankle dorsiflexion range.

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