The Impact of Prescribed Medication on Swallowing: An Overview

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Team Member ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
The Impact

Dysphagia clinicians are aware that best practices guidelines recommend a medications review as part of the assessment process. This article aims to review the literature to date regarding the impact that medications may have on the physiology of swallowing. It is important to consider the side effects of all medications, not only medications listing swallowing difficulties as a known side effect. Medications that impact upon arousal, awareness, and xerostomia should also be considered as part of a comprehensive dysphagia evaluation. Speech-language pathologists should consider the pharmacist an integral dysphagia team member and a valuable resource.

Implicit Bias and Multilingual Assessment in School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Marisa Nelson ◽  
Laura Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
School Based ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of this research was (a) to examine school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') implicit attitudes toward immigrants and how these relate to prioritization and use of best practices when assessing multilingual children and (b) to determine if key demographic factors relate to the use and prioritization of these best practices. Method: Eighty-six certified SLPs ranked how they prioritize and use best practices in multilingual assessments and completed an online immigrant Implicit Association Test. Results: The majority of participants exhibited a strong implicit bias against immigrants (median D-score of 0.84, interquartile range: 0.49), but no significant relationship was found between increasing bias and lower prioritization or use of best practices. Increased years working as an SLP and increasingly distant personal relationships to immigration were related to lower prioritization and use of some best practices. An unexpected association included increased reported use of interpreters with increasing implicit bias against immigrants. Conclusions: This research found a strong implicit bias against immigrants among participating school-based SLPs, consistent with previous work detailing health professionals' preferences for ingroups over outgroups. It adds to the call for further research into the impact of implicit biases on clinical practice, and the methods and merits of addressing implicit biases in targeted populations such as SLPs. This study also identified demographic factors associated with decreased prioritization and use of certain best practices when assessing multilingual children. More work is needed to learn how to mitigate these factors to ensure culturally sensitive clinical practice. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16799638

Determining the impact of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A survey of cancer survivors.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24080-e24080
Author(s):  
Eva Battaglini ◽  
David Goldstein ◽  
Susanna Park
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
The Impact

e24080 Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major yet poorly understood side effect of cancer treatment, leading to symptoms including numbness, tingling and pain. It can lead to cessation of effective treatment, long-term functional disability and reduced quality of life. Despite this, there is currently little understanding of its impact. Methods: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of neurotoxic chemotherapy side effects on the lives of cancer survivors. Data was collected via an online survey covering demographics, cancer diagnosis and treatment, CIPN and other side effects of chemotherapy, using standardised measures to assess comorbidities, quality of life, physical activity, pain and CIPN symptoms. Results: Data was analysed from 986 respondents who were treated with neurotoxic therapies (83% female, 16% male), with mean age 59 years ( SD 10.7 years). A majority of respondents were treated for breast cancer (59%), 14% for colorectal cancer and 11% for multiple myeloma. Chemotherapy types received included paclitaxel (32%), docetaxel (32%) and oxaliplatin (13%), and respondents completed treatment a mean of 3.6 years ago. The majority of respondents (80%) reported experiencing neuropathic symptoms after finishing chemotherapy, with 77% reporting current CIPN. Those with CIPN reported functional impacts, with 23% reporting moderate to severe problems with hand function and 28% reporting moderate to severe walking difficulties. CIPN was second most commonly rated as the treatment side effect having the greatest impact, following fatigue. Respondents with high levels of current CIPN symptoms had poorer quality of life, more comorbid health conditions, higher BMI and more often received multiple neurotoxic chemotherapies than those with low levels of CIPN symptoms. In addition, respondents who reported meeting government physical activity guidelines had lower CIPN and higher quality of life scores than those who did not meet the guidelines. Regression analyses investigating the association between quality of life and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics resulted in a model with comorbid health conditions, CIPN symptoms, years since treatment, age and physical activity as significant predictors of quality of life. Conclusions: These findings suggest that CIPN has a lasting impact on cancer survivors, leading to decreases in quality of life, often occurring alongside poorer general health. This impact supports the need for further research to improve assessment, prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Impact of Pharmacist Counselling on Clozapine Knowledge

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Ní Dhubhlaing ◽  
Ailish Young ◽  
Laura J. Sahm
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Patient Knowledge ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Patient

Clozapine is the only antipsychotic with evidence for efficacy in treatment of resistant schizophrenia but it carries a high side effect burden. Patient information is provided but may be poorly retained. This study aims to examine the impact of pharmacist counselling upon patient knowledge of clozapine. Outpatients, aged 18 years and over, attending St. Patrick’s University Hospital, Dublin, participated in this study between June and August 2015. The intervention consisted of pharmacist counselling on two occasions one month apart. Knowledge was assessed using a 28-point checklist devised from the currently available clozapine patient information sources, at baseline and after each counselling session. Ethics approval was obtained. Twenty-five participants (40% female; mean age 45.1 years, SD 9.82; 64% unemployed, 28% smokers) showed an improvement in knowledge scores of clozapine from baseline to postcounselling on each occasion with an overall improvement in knowledge score, from baseline to postcounselling at one month, of 39.43%; p<0.001. This study adds to the evidence that interventions involving pharmacist counselling can improve patient knowledge, whilst the specific knowledge gained relating to recognition of side effects may help patients towards more empowerment regarding their treatment.

scholarly journals Job change and self-control of waste pickers: evidence from a field experiment in the Philippines

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Hide-Fumi Yokoo ◽  
Maki Ikuse ◽  
Aries Roda D. Romallosa ◽  
Masahide Horita
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Waste Pickers

Environmental policies may have a negative side effect on employment, often in a specific industry in the short run. Workers in regulated industries can be affected by losses in job-specific human capital. The informal sectors in developing countries are often associated with environmental pollution and thus targeted by such policies. Welfare loss due to this side effect can be problematic in developing countries, since they often lack safeguarding schemes, including unemployment insurance. Inducing workers in informal sectors to change their jobs can mitigate these negative side effects. This study examines efficient methods of inducing informal workers to change jobs. An alternative job is offered to informal workers at a dumpsite in the Philippines and whether changing the scheme of wage payment increases the acceptance of the offer is examined. The impacts of changing payment schemes are evaluated by using a randomized field experiment. The sampled 112 waste pickers each randomly receive one of four offers for an alternative job, and the number of those who accept the offer is observed to evaluate the impact of less frequent payment (i.e., once every three days instead of daily). Piece rates and fixed wages are also compared. Those offered less frequent payment are more likely to accept the job offer compared with those offered daily payment. This preferred payment scheme can mitigate the side effects of environmental policy and workers’ self-control problem related to savings, while minimizing moral hazard.

scholarly journals ANTIRETROVIRAL SIDE EFFECT ON ADHERENCE IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV AIDS AT DR. KARIADI GENERAL REFFERAL HOSPITAL SEMARANG CENTRAL JAVA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede Arya Bagus Arisudhana ◽  
Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro ◽  
Untung Sujianto
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Drug Adherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is a lifelong treatment in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Adherence is the key to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. ARV have side effects that may affect patient adherence.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of ARV side effects on drug adherence in PLWHA.Methods: This study used cross-sectional approach. Sample size in this study was 78 consist of people who were recruited by purposive sampling. These subjects received ARV therapy in Tropical Disease and Infection Polyclinic at General Hospital of Dr. Kariadi SemarangResult : Result showed that eta2 is 0,525625. It means that ARV side effect has impact on ARV adherence. Most of the side effects reported by the respondents were nausea and dizziness. Some respondents also reported experiencing weakness, difficult to concentrate, and diarrhea. Conclusion : Side effects have impact on patient’s ARV therapy adherence. Therefore health care provider for PLWHA should be able to recognize and concern on ARV side effect management. 

scholarly journals Patient-Reported Outcomes in Online Communications on Statins, Memory, and Cognition: Qualitative Analysis Using Online Communities (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farris Timimi ◽  
Sara Ray ◽  
Erik Jones ◽  
Lee Aase ◽  
Kathleen Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND In drug development clinical trials, there is a need for balance between restricting variables by setting eligibility criteria and representing the broader patient population that may use a product once it is approved. Similarly, although recent policy initiatives focusing on the inclusion of historically underrepresented groups are being implemented, barriers still remain. These limitations of clinical trials may mask potential product benefits and side effects. To bridge these gaps, online communication in health communities may serve as an additional population signal for drug side effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to employ a nontraditional dataset to identify drug side-effect signals. The study was designed to apply both natural language processing (NLP) technology and hands-on linguistic analysis to a set of online posts from known statin users to (1) identify any underlying crossover between the use of statins and impairment of memory or cognition and (2) obtain patient lexicon in their descriptions of experiences with statin medications and memory changes. METHODS Researchers utilized user-generated content on Inspire, looking at over 11 million posts across Inspire. Posts were written by patients and caregivers belonging to a variety of communities on Inspire. After identifying these posts, researchers used NLP and hands-on linguistic analysis to draw and expand upon correlations among statin use, memory, and cognition. RESULTS NLP analysis of posts identified statistical correlations between statin users and the discussion of memory impairment, which were not observed in control groups. NLP found that, out of all members on Inspire, 3.1% had posted about memory or cognition. In a control group of those who had posted about TNF inhibitors, 6.2% had also posted about memory and cognition. In comparison, of all those who had posted about a statin medication, 22.6% (<italic>P</italic>&lt;.001) also posted about memory and cognition. Furthermore, linguistic analysis of a sample of posts provided themes and context to these statistical findings. By looking at posts from statin users about memory, four key themes were found and described in detail in the data: memory loss, aphasia, cognitive impairment, and emotional change. CONCLUSIONS Correlations from this study point to a need for further research on the impact of statins on memory and cognition. Furthermore, when using nontraditional datasets, such as online communities, NLP and linguistic methodologies broaden the population for identifying side-effect signals. For side effects such as those on memory and cognition, where self-reporting may be unreliable, these methods can provide another avenue to inform patients, providers, and the Food and Drug Administration.

scholarly journals Patient-Reported Outcomes in Online Communications on Statins, Memory, and Cognition: Qualitative Analysis Using Online Communities

10.2196/14809 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. e14809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farris Timimi ◽  
Sara Ray ◽  
Erik Jones ◽  
Lee Aase ◽  
Kathleen Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The Impact

Background In drug development clinical trials, there is a need for balance between restricting variables by setting eligibility criteria and representing the broader patient population that may use a product once it is approved. Similarly, although recent policy initiatives focusing on the inclusion of historically underrepresented groups are being implemented, barriers still remain. These limitations of clinical trials may mask potential product benefits and side effects. To bridge these gaps, online communication in health communities may serve as an additional population signal for drug side effects. Objective The aim of this study was to employ a nontraditional dataset to identify drug side-effect signals. The study was designed to apply both natural language processing (NLP) technology and hands-on linguistic analysis to a set of online posts from known statin users to (1) identify any underlying crossover between the use of statins and impairment of memory or cognition and (2) obtain patient lexicon in their descriptions of experiences with statin medications and memory changes. Methods Researchers utilized user-generated content on Inspire, looking at over 11 million posts across Inspire. Posts were written by patients and caregivers belonging to a variety of communities on Inspire. After identifying these posts, researchers used NLP and hands-on linguistic analysis to draw and expand upon correlations among statin use, memory, and cognition. Results NLP analysis of posts identified statistical correlations between statin users and the discussion of memory impairment, which were not observed in control groups. NLP found that, out of all members on Inspire, 3.1% had posted about memory or cognition. In a control group of those who had posted about TNF inhibitors, 6.2% had also posted about memory and cognition. In comparison, of all those who had posted about a statin medication, 22.6% (P<.001) also posted about memory and cognition. Furthermore, linguistic analysis of a sample of posts provided themes and context to these statistical findings. By looking at posts from statin users about memory, four key themes were found and described in detail in the data: memory loss, aphasia, cognitive impairment, and emotional change. Conclusions Correlations from this study point to a need for further research on the impact of statins on memory and cognition. Furthermore, when using nontraditional datasets, such as online communities, NLP and linguistic methodologies broaden the population for identifying side-effect signals. For side effects such as those on memory and cognition, where self-reporting may be unreliable, these methods can provide another avenue to inform patients, providers, and the Food and Drug Administration.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pharmaceutical Side Effects on Audiological and Vestibular Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 097-103
Author(s):  
Robert DiSogra
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Case History ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Drug Side Effect ◽  
History Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognitive Side Effects

AbstractThere are over 2,000 drugs with a combined total of over 400 side effects that could result in obtaining inaccurate case history information or inaccurate test results that may lead to misdiagnosing the patient's hearing or vestibular problem. The recommendations that are made could be inappropriate and thus can lead to management errors. A review of the auditory, vestibular, and cognitive side effects of many of the drugs patients take regularly (including drugs that can cause tinnitus) is provided. This article offers suggestions to obtain a more accurate case history. A review of preferred Web sites to obtain drug side effect information is included. Suggestions for improved communication strategies between the audiologist, the physician, the patient, and the pharmacist are highlighted.

Impact of Side-Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics on Non-Compliance, Relapse and Cost

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mortimer ◽  
P Williams ◽  
D Meddis
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Antipsychotic Agents ◽  
Conventional Antipsychotics ◽  
State Transition Model ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relapse Rates

Atypical antipsychotics generally have milder side-effects than conventional antipsychotics, but also differ among themselves in this respect. This study aimed to compare the impact of different side-effect profiles of individual atypical antipsychotics on non-compliance, relapse and cost in schizophrenia. A state-transition model was built using literature data supplemented by expert opinion. The model found that quetiapine and ziprasidone were similar in estimated non-compliance and relapse rates. Olanzapine and risperidone had higher estimated non-compliance and relapse rates, and incremental, 1-year, per-patient direct costs, using US-based cost data, of ~$530 (95% confidence interval [CI] ~$275, $800), and ~$485 (95% CI ~$235, $800), respectively, compared with quetiapine. Incremental costs attributable to different side-effect profiles were highly significant. This study shows that differing side-effect profiles of the newer antipsychotic agents are likely to lead to different compliance rates, and consequent variation in relapse rates. The cost implications of these heterogenous clinical outcomes are substantial.

scholarly journals Serial Intralesional Steroid Injection for Subglottic Stenosis: Systemic Side Effects and Impact on Surgery-Free Interval

OTO Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473974X2110548
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Neevel ◽  
Ari D. Schuman ◽  
Robert J. Morrison ◽  
Norman D. Hogikyan ◽  
Robbi A. Kupfer
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Subglottic Stenosis ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Intralesional Steroid ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
The Impact

Objectives In-office serial intralesional steroid injections (SILSIs) have become a commonly used treatment for subglottic stenosis. We characterized the impact of SILSIs on the time between operating room visits and incidence of glucocorticoid systemic side effects. Study Design Retrospective case series. Setting Academic tertiary care center. Methods All patients with subglottic stenosis receiving SILSIs at 1 institution from 2016 to 2020 were included. Surgery-free interval was compared using paired t tests. Side effect incidence was calculated with Kaplan-Meier methodology for visualization. Results Nineteen patients and 207 procedures were included. The majority of patients were White (95%) and female (95%) and had idiopathic subglottic stenosis (53%). Mean surgery-free interval for all patients was 8.7 months (95% CI, 5.6-11.8) before initiating SILSIs. Of 11 patients with calculable surgery-free interval, 10 experienced improvement, with a mean surgery-free interval increase of 4.6 months (95% CI, 2.4-6.7). Seven patients have not required surgery since initiation of SILSIs, with a mean follow-up time of 28 months (95% CI, 25-31). Noncutaneous systemic side effects occurred at a mean 3.2 months (95% CI, 2.4-4.0) from first injection and included Cushing’s syndrome, increased intraocular pressure, central serous chorioretinopathy, and new insulin requirement in the setting of diabetes. Conclusions Ninety-one percent of patients who initiated SILSIs and had a subsequent return to the operating room experienced a mean 4.6-month increase in surgery-free interval. Systemic side effects of glucocorticoids occurred in 32% of patients after initiating SILSIs. This should be considered in preprocedure counseling and side effect monitoring during treatment.

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