Seedling establishment in an Australian tropical savanna: effects of seed supply, soil disturbance and fire

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Setterfield
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Seed Supply

Silvicultural treatments, microclimatic conditions and seedling response in Southern Interior clearcuts

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Fleming ◽  
T. A. Black ◽  
R. S. Adams ◽  
R. J. Stathers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions

Post-harvest levels of soil disturbance and vegetation regrowth strongly influence microclimate conditions, and this has important implications for seedling establishment. We examined the effects of blading (scalping), soil loosening (ripping) and vegetation control (herbicide), as well as no soil disturbance, on growing season microclimates and 3-yr seedling response on two grass-dominated clearcuts at different elevations in the Southern Interior of British Columbia. Warmer soil temperatures were obtained by removing surface organic horizons. Ripping produced somewhat higher soil temperatures than scalping at the drier, lower-elevation site, but slightly reduced soil temperatures at the wetter, higher-elevation site. Near-surface air temperatures were more extreme (higher daily maximums and lower daily minimums) over the control than over exposed mineral soil. Root zone soil moisture deficits largely reflected transpiration by competing vegetation; vegetation removal was effective in improving soil moisture availability at the lower elevation site, but unnecessary from this perspective at the higher elevation site. The exposed mineral surfaces self-mulched and conserved soil moisture after an initial period of high evaporation. Ripping and scalping resulted in somewhat lower near-surface available soil water storage capacities. Seedling establishment on both clearcuts was better following treatments which removed vegetation and surface organic horizons and thus enhanced microclimatic conditions, despite reducing nutrient supply. Such treatments may, however, compromise subsequent stand development through negative impacts on site nutrition. Temporal changes in the relative importance of different physical (microclimate) and chemical (soil nutrition) properties to soil processes and plant growth need to be considered when evaluating site productivity. Key words: Microclimate, soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, clearcut, seedling establishment

Effect of forest floor disturbance on seedling establishment of Chamaecyparislawsoniana

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Zobel
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Litter Removal ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Natural Seedling ◽  
Forest Floor Disturbance ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Port Orford Cedar

Native seeds of Chamaecyparislawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl. (Port-Orford-cedar) were sown on treated 1-m2 plots in four natural stands in southwestern Oregon, U.S.A. Treatments, replicated four times per stand, were (1) control, with natural litter undis-turbed, (2) litter removed, (3) litter removed and burned with ash replaced on plot, and (4) spaded after litter removal. Eighty-nine percent of germination occurred in early to mid-June. The spading treatment had the most germinants and the most survivors. Litter removal and burning treatments supported many fewer germinants, had the smallest seedlings, and had no survival after two growing seasons. Percentage survival of the few germinants in the control was as good as for the spading treatment, 5–6% after three summers. Although much natural seedling establishment may occur on natural litter, soil disturbance appears to greatly increase the rate of establishment. Litter removal alone does not increase establishment.

Modeling birch seed supply and seedling establishment during forest regeneration

2017 ◽  
Vol 352 ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Holmström ◽  
Matts Karlsson ◽  
Urban Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Seed Supply

Recruitment of Eucalyptus strzeleckii (Myrtaceae) in intensive livestock production landscapes

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Moxham ◽  
Josh Dorrough
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Understorey Vegetation ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Natural Recruitment

Eucalyptus strzeleckii K. Rule (Strzelecki gum) is a medium-to-tall forest swamp gum, endemic to Victoria and listed as Nationally Vulnerable in Australia. This species occurs in the high rainfall (up to 1600 mm) region of Gippsland in south-eastern Victoria. The region has been intensively developed for agriculture, in particular dairy production. Surviving trees are often old and in varying stages of dieback and natural recruitment is rarely observed. The removal of cattle-grazing as a sole mechanism to encourage recruitment is rarely sufficient to promote regeneration of this species. The aim of this study was to examine the role of soil disturbance, weed competition, seed supply and parent plant competition, in the absence of cattle-grazing, in the recruitment of E. strzeleckii. Seed availability, distance from mature tree, soil disturbance, soil moisture and pasture competition all influenced seedling establishment and survival in the field. Removal of ground layer vegetation immediately before seedling emergence appears to be essential for successful establishment of E. strzeleckii. However, both soil disturbance and pasture removal by spraying had similar effects, suggesting that competition rather than soil disturbance per se is a limiting factor in these environments. In the absence of understorey vegetation manipulation, regeneration by this species is unlikely even in the absence of grazing.

Patterns of Flowering and Seed Production in Eucalyptus miniata and E. tetrodonta in a Tropical Savanna Woodland, Northern Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Setterfield ◽  
RJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Seed Yields

The reproductive phenology-the annual and spatial variation in tree fecundity, ovule development and seedfall-of Eucalyptus miniata Cunn. ex Schauer and E. tetrodonta F. Muell. is described at a tropical savanna site in northern Australia from 1992 to 1994. There was substantial inter-annual variability in fecundity of both species at the individual and the population level. The proportion of ovules which survived did not vary significantly between years. Seed production and seedfall varied substantially between years with large seed yields in 1994 and low seed yields in 1993. Eucalyptus miniata and E. tetrodonta are separated in time (by 2-8 weeks) with respect to peak periods for all key phenology events-budding, flowering and seedfall. Both species are non-serotinous with all seed shed within 8 months of ovule initiation. Peak seedfall occurred up to 1 month before the first wet season rains for E. miniata and coincided with these rains for E. tetrodonta. Post-dispersal conditions for germination and establishment are more likely than seed supply to limit seedling establishment of E. miniata and E. tetrodonta.

Studies on the Status of Unburnt Eucalyptus Woodland at Ocean Grove, Victoria. II. The Differential Seedling Establishment of Eucalyptus ovata Labill. And Casuarina littoralis Salisb

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Withers
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
The Status ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Eucalyptus Ovata ◽  
Grass Sward

At Ocean Grove, Vic., Eucalyptus woodland which has remained unburnt for many years is being replaced by Casuarina scrub. Neither poor germination or poor seed supply is responsible for the lack of eucalypt regeneration. However, ants harvest substantial numbers of eucalypt seeds, but not those of Casuarina. Furthermore, powdered cladode litter of Casuarina littoralis delayed germination of Eucalyptus orata substantially, but not that of its own seeds. Survival and establishment of young eucalypts is prevented by the dense grass sward, while establishment of C. littoralis, C. Stricta and Acacia pycnantha is not greatly hindered. Removal of the sward by firing promoted establishment of eucalypts. Successful establishment of A. pycnantha seedlings in the sward is largely due to vigorous early growth of roots and shoots as a result of its larger seed size. Survival of C. Littoralis in the sward is not due to rapid early development of roots and shoots, but is probably due to greater shade tolerance and/or drought resistance.

Effect of inter-row cultivation on soil carbon dioxide emission in a peach plantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tóth ◽  
Cs. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content

Soil biological properties and CO2emission were compared in undisturbed grass and regularly disked rows of a peach plantation. Higher nutrient content and biological activity were found in the undisturbed, grass-covered rows. Significantly higher CO2fluxes were measured in this treatment at almost all the measurement times, in all the soil water content ranges, except the one in which the volumetric soil water content was higher than 45%. The obtained results indicated that in addition to the favourable effect of soil tillage on soil aeration, regular soil disturbance reduces soil microbial activity and soil CO2emission.

Coal mining-disturbed land reclamation laws

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
T. V. Galanina ◽  
M. I. Baumgarten ◽  
T. G. Koroleva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Production Output

Large-scale mining disturbs wide areas of land. The development program for the mining industry, with an expected considerable increase in production output, aggravates the problem with even vaster territories exposed to the adverse anthropogenic impact. Recovery of mining-induced ecosystems in the mineral-extracting regions becomes the top priority objective. There are many restoration mechanisms, and they should be used in integration and be highly technologically intensive as the environmental impact is many-sided. This involves pollution of water, generation of much waste and soil disturbance which is the most typical of open pit mining. Scale disturbance of land, withdrawal of farming land, land pollution and littering are critical problems to the solved in the first place. One of the way outs is highquality reclamation. This article reviews the effective rules and regulations on reclamation. The mechanism is proposed for the legal control of disturbed land reclamation on a regional and federal level. Highly technologically intensive recovery of mining-induced landscape will be backed up by the natural environment restoration strategy proposed in the Disturbed Land Reclamation Concept.

Soil disturbance recovery on the Kootenai National Forest, Montana

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Gier ◽  
Kenneth M. Kindel ◽  
Deborah S. Page-Dumroese ◽  
Louis J. Kuennen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Kootenai National Forest ◽  
Disturbance Recovery
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