Metabolic pathways for differentiation-inducing factor-1 and their regulation are conserved between closely related Dictyostelium species, but not between distant members of the family

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia van Es ◽  
Steve Hodgkinson ◽  
Pauline Schaap ◽  
Robert R. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Homocysteine and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Neurological Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 930-939
Author(s):  
Jolanta Dorszewska
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Endogenous Inhibitor ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Key Factor

Homocysteine (Hcy) is formed from methionine (Met) and is distributed in two metabolic pathways: in the process of remethylation to Met and in the process of transsulfuration to cysteine. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular and neurological diseases such as: Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Increased Hcy level may lead to endothelial dysfunction due to impaired bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). The molecular mechanism decreasing the levels of NO in HHcy conditions is incompletely understood, but it seems that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase, may be a key factor. ADMA is formed from L-arginine by enzymes in the family of protein N-methyltransferases (PRMT) and may undergo hydrolysis to L-citrulline and dimethylamine with the participation of dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). In pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, Hcy may lead to increased ADMA concentrations by inhibiting the activity of DDAH. Several drugs, such L-dopa, antiepileptic drugs, and lipid-lowering drugs, may interfere with the metabolic pathways of thiols, leading to an alteration of plasma Hcy and ADMA levels. It seems that administration of L-arginine, in conjunction with B vitamins, to patients with HHcy may be a new method in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Structure and function of the human parvulins Pin1 and Par14/17

2018 ◽  
Vol 399 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Matena ◽  
Edisa Rehic ◽  
Dana Hönig ◽  
Bianca Kamba ◽  
Peter Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Cell Fate Decisions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
And Function

AbstractParvulins belong to the family of peptidyl-prolylcis/transisomerases (PPIases) assisting in protein folding and in regulating the function of a broad variety of proteins in all branches of life. The human representatives Pin1 and Par14/17 are directly involved in processes influencing cellular maintenance and cell fate decisions such as cell-cycle progression, metabolic pathways and ribosome biogenesis. This review on human parvulins summarizes the current knowledge of these enzymes and intends to oppose the well-studied Pin1 to its less well-examined homolog human Par14/17 with respect to structure, catalytic and cellular function.

scholarly journals Unique niche-specific adaptation of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria and proposal of three Apilactobacillus species as novel members of the group

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Maeno ◽  
Hiroya Nishimura ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanizawa ◽  
Leon Dicks ◽  
Masanori Arita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Partial Deletion ◽  
The Family ◽  
Carbohydrate Transport ◽  
The Common ◽  
Metabolic Properties

Abstract Background Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) found in D-fructose rich niches prefer D-fructose over D-glucose as a growth substrate. They need electron acceptors for growth on D-glucose. The organisms share carbohydrate metabolic properties. Fructobacillus spp., Apilactobacillus kunkeei, and Apilactobacillus apinorum are members of this unique group. Here we studied the fructophilic characteristics of recently described species Apilactobacillus micheneri, Apilactobacillus quenuiae, and Apilactobacillus timberlakei. Results The three species prefer D-fructose over D-glucose and only metabolize D-glucose in the presence of electron acceptors. The genomic characteristics of the three species, i.e. small genomes and thus a low number of coding DNA sequences, few genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and partial deletion of adhE gene, are characteristic of FLAB. The three species thus are novel members of FLAB. Reduction of genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism in accordance with reduction of genome size were the common characteristics of the family Lactobacillaceae, but FLAB markedly reduced the gene numbers more than other species in the family. Pan-genome analysis of genes involved in metabolism displayed a lack of specific carbohydrate metabolic pathways in FLAB, leading to a unique cluster separation. Conclusions The present study expanded FLAB group. Fructose-rich environments have induced similar evolution in phylogenetically distant FLAB species. These are examples of convergent evolution of LAB.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of transcrptome profiling to identify genes involved in bulged surface of pear fruits (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. cv. Yuluxiangli)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baopeng Ding ◽  
Chaohui Hu ◽  
Yuqin Song ◽  
Ruijie Hao ◽  
Xinxin Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Transcriptional Factor ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Kegg Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Division Cell

Abstract Background: Pear (Pyrus spp.) belongs to the genus Pyrus, in the family Rosaceae. Some varieties of pear fruits exhibit bulged surface, which seriously affect the quality and commodity value. In this study, we performed anatomical, physiological and transcriptomic analysis, to explore the mechanism of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the bulged surface of pear fruits. Results: The vascular bundles of flesh were more evenly distributed and the cells arranged more compactly with smaller size. However, the auxin (IAA) content of flesh decreased significantly when treated with PBZ. Further, the GO and KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that auxin, phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways and transcriptional factor genes were significantly enriched on the relieved bulged surface of pear fruits. The promoter region analysis of selected DEGs showed that some genes contained auxin responded cis-elements. Conclusion: We conclude that PBZ might play a negative role in the cell division, cell elongation and vascular bundle development on bulged surface of pear fruits through the involvement of auxin related genes. This study will provide theoretical basis for the regulation of bulged surface of pear fruits by growth retardant agent.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Effects of Drought on the Biosynthesis of Methyleugenol in Asarum sieboldii Miq.

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Fawang Liu ◽  
Tahir Ali ◽  
Zhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

Asarum sieboldii Miq., a perennial herb in the family Aristolochiaceae, is widely used to treat colds, fever, headache and toothache in China. However, little is known about the drought-tolerance characteristics of A. sieboldii. In this study, to elucidate the molecular–genetic mechanisms of drought-stress tolerance of A. sieboldii, RNA-seq was conducted. In total, 53,344 unigenes were assembled, and 28,715 unigenes were annotated. A total of 6444 differential-expression unigenes (DEGs) were found, which were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid, starch and sucrose metabolic pathways. Drought stress revealed significant up-regulation of the unigenes encoding PAL, C4H, HCT, C3H, CCR and IGS in the methyleugenol-biosynthesis pathway. Under the condition of maintaining drought for 15 days and 30 days, drought stress reduced the biosynthesis of volatile oil by 24% and 38%, respectively, while the production of key medicinal ingredients (such as methyl eugenol) was increased. These results provide valuable information about the diverse mechanisms of drought resistance in the A. sieboldii, and the changes in the expression of the genes involved in methyleugenol biosynthesis in response to drought stress.

scholarly journals Ticks convert pathogenic Coxiella into endosymbionts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Brenner ◽  
Sebastián Muñoz-Leal ◽  
Madhur Sachan ◽  
Marcelo B. Labruna ◽  
Rahul Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Soft Tick ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Intracellular Growth ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACTBoth symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria in the family Coxiellaceae cause morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. For instance, Coxiella-like endosymbionts (CLEs) improve the reproductive success of ticks — a major disease vector, while Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of human Q fever and uncharacterized coxiellae cause infections in both animals and humans. To better understand the evolution of pathogenesis and symbiosis in this group of intracellular bacteria, we sequenced the genome of a CLE present in the soft tick Ornithodoros amblus (CLEOA) and compared it to the genomes of other bacteria in the order Legionellales. Our analyses confirmed that CLEOA is more closely related to C. burnetii, the human pathogen, than to CLEs in hard ticks, and showed that most clades of CLEs contain both endosymbionts and pathogens, indicating that several CLE lineages have evolved independently from pathogenic Coxiella. We also determined that the last common ancestor of CLEOA and C. burnetii was equipped to infect macrophages, and that even though HGT contributed significantly to the evolution of C. burnetii, most acquisition events occurred primarily in ancestors predating the CLEOA-C. burnetii divergence. These discoveries clarify the evolution of C. burnetii, which previously was assumed to have emerged when an avirulent tick endosymbiont recently gained virulence factors via HGT. Finally, we identified several metabolic pathways, including heme biosynthesis, that are likely critical to the intracellular growth of the human pathogen but not the tick symbiont, and show that the use of heme analogs is a promising approach to controlling C. burnetii infections.

scholarly journals Microbiota profile in mesophilic biodigestion of sugarcane vinasse in batch reactors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina Iltchenco ◽  
Vanessa Peruzzo ◽  
Flaviane Eva Magrini ◽  
Letícia Marconatto ◽  
Ana Paula Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Genus Clostridium ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sugarcane Vinasse

Abstract The vinasse is a residue of ethanol production with the potential for methane production, requiring an allochthonous inoculum. Several microorganisms act in the different phases of anaerobic digestion, and the identification of these microbial communities is essential to optimize the process. The characterization of the microbiota involved in the biodigestion of vinasse was observed in the initial stage (IS), at the peak of methane production (MS) and the end of the process (FS) of the best performance assay by high-throughput sequencing. The highest methane production was 0.78 mmolCH4.gVS.h−1 at 243.7 h in the substrate/inoculum ratio of 1.7, with consumption partial of acetic, propionic and isobutyric acids and an 82% reduction of COD. High microbial diversity was found. The genus Clostridium, Acinetobacter, Candidatus Cloacamonas, Bacteroides, Syntrophomonas, Kosmotoga, the family Porphyromonadaceae and the class Bacteroidia were the most abundant in the maximum methane production. Methane production was driven by Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta, suggesting the metabolic pathways using were hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic.

scholarly journals The Job is not yet over

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Mahboob
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Daily Caloric Intake ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cirrhosis Of Liver ◽  
Clear Idea

Cirrhosis of liver is a chronic disease. Chronic dysfunction of liver disturbs different body functions and metabolic pathways. As cases of chronic liver disease are on the increase, a multidisciplinary approach is needed for the welfare of the patients. Usually the discharge slips of the admitted patients are prepared by adjustment of dosage in different circumstances. The aim of the present study is to highlight the importance of the knowledge of the patient about their disease and its expected complications. It is prospective hospital based case study. One hundred patients of cirrhosis of liver were included in the study. The patients were admitted in North Medical Ward of Mayo Hospital, Lahore during February 2002 to February 2003. A questionnaire was prepared and the required information was obtained from the patient/attendant and was recorded in the proforma. The patients are not having much information about the amount of salt to be taken. No clear idea about water intake, protein intake and daily caloric intake. They are not aware of modifying or adjusting the dosage of different drugs. Many complications are avoidable. It is a chronic process. The patient`s education is a must to improve quality of life, to decrease number of hospital admissions and to lessen the misery of rest of the family due to repeated admissions.

scholarly journals Unique Niche-specific Adaptation of Fructophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Proposal of Three Apilactobacillus Species as Novel Members of the Unique Group 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Maeno ◽  
Hiroya Nishimura ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanizawa ◽  
Leon Dicks ◽  
Masanori Arita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Partial Deletion ◽  
The Family ◽  
Carbohydrate Transport ◽  
The Common ◽  
Metabolic Properties

Abstract Background: Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) found in D-fructose rich niches prefer D-fructose over D-glucose as a growth substrate. They need electron acceptors for growth on D-glucose. The organisms have share carbohydrate metabolic properties. Fructobacillus spp., Apilactobacillus kunkeei, and Apilactobacillus apinorum are members of this unique group. Here we studied the fructophilic characteristics of recently described species Apilactobacillus micheneri, Apilactobacillus quenuiae, and Apilactobacillus timberlakei.Results: The three species prefer D-fructose over D-glucose and only metabolize D-glucose in the presence of electron acceptors. The genomic characteristics of the three species, i.e. small genomes and thus a low number of coding DNA sequences, few genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and partial deletion of adhE gene, are characteristic of FLAB. The three species thus are novel members of FLAB. Reduction of genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism in accordance with reduction of genome size were the common characteristics of the family Lactobacillaceae, but FLAB markedly reduced the gene numbers more than other species in the family. Pan-genome analysis of genes involved in metabolism displayed a lack of specific carbohydrate metabolic pathways in FLAB, leading to a unique cluster separation.Conclusions: The present study expand FLAB group. Fructose-rich environments have induced similar evolution in phylogenetically distant FLAB species. These are examples of convergent evolution of LAB.

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