Acceptance of voluntary HIV testing and the prevalence of HIV infection in women with cervical neoplasia in Toronto

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Neuman ◽  
J. Murphy ◽  
S. Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cervical Neoplasia

Time trends in the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Chiang Mai, Thailand: an observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110213
Author(s):  
Amaraporn Rerkasem ◽  
Nuntisa Chotirosniramit ◽  
Pongpun Saokhieo ◽  
Antika Wongthanee ◽  
Kittipan Rerkasem
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Receptive Anal Sex ◽  
Sex With Men

A cross-sectional study on men who have sex with men (MSM) for the HIV prevention project was conducted to assess the prevalence of HIV infection–related behaviors among 551 MSM recruited in 2008–2009 and 1910 MSM in 2014–2018 for voluntary counseling and testing at a HIV clinic in Chiang Mai. Overall, the study found that the prevalence of HIV infection was significantly decreased from 12.9% (71/551) in the earlier study (2008–2009) to 8.2% (157/1910) in the recent study (2014–2018) ( p = 0.001). By comparison, in 2008–2009 and 2014–2018, there was no statistically significant difference in consistent condom use (39.0% [186/477] vs. 38.9% [591/1512], p = 0.969), while unprotected anal sex with casual partners significantly increased (44.5% [159/357] vs. 51.9% [645/1242], p = 0.014) and receptive anal sex significantly increased (37.7% [180/477] vs. 45.1% [860/1905], p = 0.004). However, previous HIV testing within 1 year increased significantly from 64.6% (197/305) to 74.7% (677/906, p = 0.001). In exploratory multivariate analysis, the factors associated with HIV infection included gay men, age below 20 years, being self-employed, being an employee, having only receptive anal sex, having both receptive/insertive anal sex, being a former substance user, using online dating, having a history of sexually transmitted infection symptoms, self-perception as being at high risk for HIV, last HIV testing >1 year, and never previously testing for HIV. The data represent the trend of health-seeking behavior improvements. The findings demonstrated the need for a novel sexual health service in an endemic setting and health promotion for online partner-seeking.

Constitutional Challenges to the Compulsory HIV Testing of Prisoners and the Mandatory Segregation of HIV-Positive Prisoners

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH C. HAAS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Homosexual Activity ◽  
Mandatory Testing

Intravenous drug use is both a common aspect of the pre-imprisonment lifestyles of many American prisoners and a leading risk factor for contracting HIV—the virus that causes AIDS. Moreover, incarcerated inmates frequently engage in behavior that can spread the disease, particularly homosexual activity and intravenous drug use. Correctional officials face increasing pressure to protect inmates and staff from HIV infection, and some have responded by implementing policies requiring all inmates to undergo HIV testing and by housing HIV-positive inmates in separate units. Screening and segregation policies, however, have been challenged on constitutional grounds by HIV-positive prisoners. This article examines the leading constitutional developments in this emerging area of law and finds that most courts so far have been inclined to reject constitutional challenges to mandatory testing and segregation policies. There are enough unsettled issues, however, to warrant expanded appellate review and eventual U.S. Supreme Court resolution of the key constitutional questions.

Cervical neoplasia in the patient with HIV infection

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Stratton ◽  
Katherine H. Ciacco
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cervical Neoplasia

Symptomatic primary HIV infection or risk experiences? Circumstances surrounding HIV testing and diagnosis among recent seroconverters

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann N Burchell ◽  
Liviana Calzavara ◽  
Nancy Ramuscak ◽  
Ted Myers ◽  
Carol Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Primary Hiv Infection ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Physician Awareness ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Hiv Negative

Our objective was to understand the circumstances surrounding HIV testing among recent HIV seroconverters ( n = 80) compared to HIV-negative controls ( n = 106) in Ontario, Canada using self-reported interview data. Diagnosis of symptomatic primary HIV infection (SPHI) was defined as diagnosis by the participant's physician. Testing in response to symptoms was reported by 42% of seroconverters vs 12% of controls. More controls than seroconverters tested in response to risk behaviour (70% vs 50%) or from a desire to know their status (34% vs 12%). Among seroconverters, 76% reported 'flu-like' illness during the time period of infection, 66% had symptoms consistent with SPHI, and 35% reported a physician's diagnosis of SPHI. Compared to seroconverters with undiagnosed SPHI, more of those diagnosed with SPHI had rash (odds ratio = 4.5). SPHI plays a significant role in HIV testing and subsequent early diagnosis in this population. More seroconversions could be diagnosed with better patient and physician awareness of its symptoms.

scholarly journals Predictors Of Provider-Initiated Hiv Testing In Heterosexuals At Increased Risk Of Hiv (Het) In Puerto Rico: Data From Nhbs-Het Cycle 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Marie Canario de la Torre ◽  
Ivony Yireth Agudelo Salas ◽  
Sandra Miranda de León ◽  
Yadira Rolón Colón ◽  
María Pabón Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have established guidelines for HIV testing in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic, healthcare, and sexual-behavior predictors of provider-initiated HIV testing (PIHT) using data from the Puerto Rico National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (PR-NHBS) 2016 cycle directed towards heterosexuals at increased risk of HIV infection (HET). A total sample of 531 eligible participants were recruited through respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Logistic regression models assessed the associations between sociodemographic, healthcare, and sexual-behavior predictors, whilst adjusting for sex and age. The majority of the participants were women (66.1%), with 72.7% reporting having received healthcare services in the past year. Of them, 18.7% had received an HIV-test offer from their healthcare providers. More than half of the participants (65.2%) reported a low perceived risk of getting infected with HIV in the next 12 months. Results suggest an overall low prevalence of PIHT among HET in PR who exhibited a relatively high prevalence of low perceived risk of HIV infection. Furthermore, the assessed predictors show that individuals who engaged in high-risk sexual behaviors (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30–0.90) were less likely to receive HIV-test offers from their providers. This study further emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to follow recommended guidelines for HIV testing in healthcare settings as a means of establishing preventive measures to further counteract the HIV epidemic in Puerto Rico, specifically among HET.

HIV infection, high-risk behaviors and substance use in homeless men sheltered in therapeutic communities in Central Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1084-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M Brunini ◽  
Cleiciane V de Lima Barros ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Hélio Galdino Júnior ◽  
Giovanni Rezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Communities ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Homeless Men

Homeless men present high vulnerability to HIV infection, mainly due to sexual risk behaviors and substance use. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection, risk behaviors and substance use in homeless men. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 481 homeless men recruited in four therapeutic communities in the Goiás State, Central Brazil. All were interviewed about sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and risk behaviors. Furthermore, all were tested for HIV. Poisson regression was used to verify factors associated with HIV infection. HIV prevalence was 1.24% (95.0% CI: 0.57 to 2.69%). Previous HIV testing (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 10.0; 95.0% CI: 1.86–55.8) and years of education (APR: 0.76; 95.0% CI: 0.60–0.97) were factors associated with HIV infection. Participants had high rates of hazardous alcohol use and illicit drug use. The prevalence of HIV infection among homeless men was higher than that found in the Brazilian male population and we identified a high rate of risk behaviors for HIV among the homeless men investigated. Thus, it is necessary to expand HIV prevention measures in Brazil, such as health education, condom availability, regular HIV testing and increased testing coverage in this population, and treatment for alcohol and/or illicit drug dependence/abuse.

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