Determination of the true value of the Euler totient function in the RSA cryptosystem from a set of possibilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-K. Wu ◽  
X.-M. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rsa Cryptosystem ◽  
True Value ◽  
Euler Totient Function

Diplomatic Affairs and International Law, 1913

1914 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49
Author(s):  
Alfred L. P. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Past ◽  
True Value

War has marked the year 1913; and charges and countercharges as to alleged atrocities by belligerents have been rife. Treaties were drawn to be promptly torn up; and solemn declarations of intention and policy often proved futile. The existence of internal disorder and the outbreak of domestic revolutions in several countries have also exerted disturbing influences on international relations. The result was economic loss and diplomatic tension even well beyond the field of military operations. And these conditions have led to renewed activity in the struggle for concessions and investment in renascent communities. Racial and religious sentiments have also aroused bitter feeling; while political leaders in several countries compel renewed consideration of the weight of individuals in the determination of the world's affairs.In large part the problems of 1913 were historic; but in part they were affected by apparently impending changes which we cannot as yet define. Thus the influence of socialism and of various forms of radical thought on international relations is a factor. The adoption of oil as a naval fuel, the opening of the Panama Canal, the plans for administrative reorganization of Turkey, and its capitalistic development, the renewed debate as to the Monroe doctrine, and the problem of China are all matters whose future significance scarcely concern us here; but their influence in the past year has been unquestionably great. We cannot estimate as yet the true value of many recommendations touching various fields of international coöperation; and the value of delay in international action still remains in dispute. So on the whole the year 1913 has apparently been the year of the cynic.

scholarly journals Determination of the Value of Intangible Assets in the Companies of Lithuania

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bužinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
True Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn accordance with generally accepted accounting standards, most intangibles are not accounted for and not reflected in the traditional financial accounting. For this reason, most companies account intangible assets (IAs) as expenses. In the research, 57 sub-elements of IAs were applied, which are grouped into eight main elements of IAs. The classification of IAs consists in two parts of assets: accounting and non-accounting. This classification can be successfully applied in different branches of enterprises, to expand and supplement the theoretical and practical concepts of the company's financial management. The article proposes to evaluate not only the value of financial information for IAs (accounted) but also the value of non-financial information for IAs (non-accounted), thus revealing the true value of IAs that is available to the companies of Lithuania. It names a value of general IAs. The results of the research confirmed the IA valuation methodology, which allows companies to calculate the fair value of an IA. The obtained extended IAs valuation information may be valuable to both the owners of the company and investors, as this value plays an important practical role in assessing the impact of IAs on the market value of companies.

Direct spectrophotometry of magnesium in serum after reaction with hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tabata ◽  
T Kido ◽  
M Totani ◽  
T Murachi
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
True Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Direct Spectrophotometry

Abstract We describe a simple method for determining magnesium in serum by using hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49). The method is based on determination of the reaction rate of hexokinase activated by Mg2+, which participates in the hexokinase reaction as the substrate in the form of a Mg X ATP2- complex. The reaction rate is determined from the change in absorbance at 340 nm as NADPH is produced by the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This simple and rapid spectrophotometric method does not require expensive instrumentation, but results correlate satisfactorily with those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Thus, the present method gives a "true" value for magnesium in serum, a value appreciably lower than that obtained by an earlier colorimetric method, the Xylidyl Blue II method (Biochem Med 7: 208-217, 1973), which lacks specificity.

scholarly journals Proficiency Testing Program for the Determination of Total Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Seawater Shrimp

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Fung Kong ◽  
Serena Chan ◽  
Yiu-Chung Wong
Keyword(s):  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Robust Statistics ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
True Value ◽  
Consensus Mean ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Abstract The proficiency testing (PT) program for 97 worldwide laboratories for determining total arsenic, cadmium, and lead in seawater shrimp under the auspices of the Asia-Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC) is discussed. The program is one of the APLAC PT series whose primary purposes are to establish mutual agreement on the equivalence of the operation of APLAC member laboratories and to take corrective actions if testing deficiencies are identified. Pooled data for Cd and Pb were normally distributed with interlaboratory variations of 21.9 and 34.8, respectively. The corresponding consensus mean values estimated by robust statistics were in good agreement with those obtained in the homogeneity tests. However, a bimodal distribution was observed from the determination of total As, in which 14 out of 74 participants reported much smaller values (0.4826.4 mg/kg) as compared with the mean values of 60.9 mg/kg in the homogeneity test. The use of consensus mean is known to have significant deviation from the true value in bi- or multimodal distribution. Therefore, the mode value, a better estimate of central tendency, was chosen to assess participants' performance for total As. Estimates of the overall uncertainty from participants varied in this program, and some were recommended to acquire more comprehensive exposure toward important criteria as stipulated in ISO/IEC 17025.

The Modified Iteration Method for Wet Cooling Towers to Calculate the Cooled Water Outlet Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
De Liang Zeng ◽  
Yong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Stopping Rules ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
True Value ◽  
Thermal Power Stations

Wet cooling towers are commonly used in thermal power stations to cool the condenser feed water. The temperature of cooled condenser feed water, which reflects the performance of cooling towers, has a great influence on steam turbine back-pressure and generation efficiency. Merkel Enthalpy Potential Equation is widely used to calculate the temperature of cooled condenser feed water. It is known to all that there is only one true value in nature; however, several solutions according with the equation appears. This paper provides the method to identify the true value of condenser feed water from several solutions, and finally puts forward its iteration calculating method, including the determination of the initial value and stopping rules.

Shear Resonance Frequencies of Alluvial Valleys by Rayleigh's Method

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Paolucci
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fast Estimation ◽  
True Value ◽  
Standard Code ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Shear Resonance

A simple approach based on Rayleigh's method has been used for the fast estimation of the shear resonance frequencies of alluvial valleys. After an example considering a 1-D non-homogeneous configuration, the method is applied to 2-D and 3-D homogeneous simple-shaped valleys, for which numerical solutions exist in the literature. The application of the proposed method to deep non-homogeneous sedimentary basins is then illustrated, showing that even in a rather complex soil configuration the prediction errors do not exceed about 20%. If one considers the uncertainties related to the determination of the mechanical properties of a real soil configuration, this prediction is quite reasonable. Furthermore, the predicted fundamental frequency always provides an upper limit of the true value. Although the predicted results are not very accurate, the proposed procedure may be helpful in several practical applications, such as in the case of complex geological configurations, where the problem exists of assessing in which frequency band 1-D resonance will differ significantly from the 2-D or 3-D one. This is important to decide whether performing more sophisticated analyses of site effects and whether the use of standard code spectral shapes is appropriate.

scholarly journals The role of osteodystrophy in the pathogenesis of aseptic pododermatitis in cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (96) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
N. M. Khomyn ◽  
A. R. Mysak ◽  
S. V. Tsisinska ◽  
V. V. Pritsak ◽  
Yu. M. Lenyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Aseptic Inflammation ◽  
True Value ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Final Confirmation

It is well known that the value of full feeding of farm animals is an important condition for the production of livestock products. Because of the researches of many scientists was found that the value of feed is determined by the content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as vitamins, minerals and so on. However, the true value of the feed is determined by the part that is digestible and can be used by the body in the metabolism process. In the event of a violation of feeding level associated with the lack of nutrients or minerals of animals or their deficiency, the development of osteodystrophic processes is observed, which directly contribute to changes in the tendon-ligamentous apparatus of the finger of animals, there is an occurrence of prolonged osteotendinitis of the finger flexors, which causes to fingers extension, partially or completely removed from the hoof wall support, and overload of crumbs. Tightening of the crumb support is accompanied by the appearance of the skin of the hoof inflammatory process, excessive horn growth and deformation of the horn capsule. The final confirmation of osteodystrophy is the results of a multivariate mass volumetric analysis of the skeleton state and determination of the magnitude of the angles of the joints of the fingers. On the side of the hoof horn, there is an increase in the moisture content and SH-groups and a decrease in g-keratosis, which affects the biophysical properties of the hoof horn, which are shown by a decrease in density and hardness. Such changes indicate a deterioration in the quality of the hoof horn, a confirmation of which is a decrease in the intensity of erasing of the sole horn, the development of deformation and the occurrence of aseptic inflammation of the base of the skin of the sole horn.

The Pressure Registered by a Very Small Static Hole

1961 ◽  
Vol 65 (611) ◽  
pp. 766-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Static Pressure ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Extrapolation Procedure ◽  
True Value ◽  
Moving Fluid ◽  
Constant Static Pressure

Static pressure in a moving fluid is usually measured by means of a static hole either in a probe or on the wall of a duct. Such a hole creates a disturbance in the flow and thus has some error associated with it. The determination of the magnitude of this error has been attempted by several investigators and the procedure adopted in each case has been as follows :The pressure in a region of sensibly constant static pressure was registered using holes of various diameter and a curve of pressure versus hole size plotted. The true static pressure was then obtained by extrapolating this curve to zero hole size, and the errors for the various holes were found. This procedure involves the assumption that, as the hole size tends to zero, the pressure registered tends to the true value. It is usually argued that this must be so because the disturbance caused by the static hole is progressively reduced as the hole size is reduced. Obviously, the validity, or otherwise, of the argument is of fundamental importance in the estimation of static hole error, and a somewhat more rigorous justification of the use of the extrapolation procedure is attempted in what follows.

VALIDATION OF THE QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF HPLC METODS FOR SUCROSE AND PEG-2000-DSPE IN A LIPOSOMAL FORM OF THE PHOTOSENSITIZER LIPOPHTHALOCYAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
ANNA LANTSOVA ◽  
EKATERINA SANAROVA ◽  
MARIA DMITRIEVA ◽  
OLGA ORLOVA ◽  
NATALIA OBOROTOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Liposomal Form ◽  
True Value ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Qualitative Determination

Objective: This study was undertaken with the aim of the validate the simple isocratic metods high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) for the estimation of PEG-2000-DSPE and sucrose in liposomal medicinal formulations of the phthalocyanine photosensitizer Lipophthalocyan. Methods: HPLC quantification was carried out by using of YMC-Pack Polyamine II column. The mobile phase (for sucrose: acetonitrile: water: ethyl acetate in the ratio of 450: 200: 20; for PEG-2000-DSPE: water in the ratio 10: 90) was pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Following the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), the methods was validated for various analytical parameters like specificity, linearity, detection limit, quantitative limit, correctness, and accuracy. Results: The obtained results of the analysis were validated statistically. The correlation coefficient for the linearity was 0.999292, for sucrose, and 0.997650 for PEG-2000-DSPE. The methods can be assessed as correct, as the results obtained are close to the true value and the confidence interval for both methods include 100%. The coefficients of variation in both methods in determining the accuracy were less than 3%. Conclusion: The proposed HPLC methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines and results and statistical parameters demonstrated that the developed methods are sensitive, precise, reliable and simple for the estimation of PEG-2000-DSPE and sucrose in Lipophthalocyan.

Novel transient multicomponent induction logging method for the determination of dip angle and anisotropy of formation

Geophysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. D181-D197
Author(s):  
Xiyong Yuan ◽  
Shaogui Deng ◽  
Yiren Fan ◽  
Xufei Hu ◽  
Zhenguan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Algebraic Method ◽  
Inversion Process ◽  
True Value ◽  
Induction Logging ◽  
Dip Angle ◽  
Source Dipole

The relative dip angle and anisotropy of the anisotropic formation are generally determined through an inversion process. We have studied the responses of the novel transient multicomponent induction logging method and find that all of the components measured in the instrument coordinate system have the same decay with time. However, the cross component decays much faster than the coaxial or coplanar components in the formation coordinate system. We adopt an algebraic time-domain method to calculate the dip angle and anisotropy coefficient and thereby avoid the inversion process. The accuracy and applicability of this pseudoinversion method are studied theoretically. Numerical results demonstrate that coaxial, coplanar, and cross components are used to calculate the apparent relative dip angle that yields the exactly true value at very early times and then goes through a transition deviating from the true dip and gradually approaches the true value again at late times. The apparent anisotropy is calculated by the coaxial and coplanar components and is equal to zero at early times and nonzero to the true anisotropy during the transition times. Moreover, by using realistic source dipole moments as well as adding random measurement errors, the practicality of this algebraic method is also investigated. Determination of the relative dip is still stable and valid. Determination of the anisotropy is more easily affected by measurement error and has some application limitations.

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