scholarly journals Differentiation of ecological niches of the forest-forming species in the Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 00019
Author(s):  
Rustam Pshegusov ◽  
Fatimat Tembotova ◽  
Yulia Sablirova ◽  
Malika Mollaeva ◽  
Anzor Akhomgotov
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Fagus Orientalis ◽  
Orthogonal Space ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Main Factor

Adaptations of Abies nordmanniana, Picea orientalis, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus orientalis, and Carpinus betulus to the abiotic environmental conditions of the study area largely determined their predicted distribution in the Caucasus. The ecological niches of the species mostly coincided in two analyzed complex environmental factors (characteristics of water regime and topographic parameters). The complex humidity factor was the main factor determining the potential distribution the forest-forming species in the Caucasus (65% of the contribution in the Maxent models). Topographic ENVIREM predictors were also significant in the species distribution (20% of the contribution in the models). Abies nordmanniana and Fagus orientalis were the most sensitive to the humidity factor, while Pinus sylvestris depended largely on the topographic factors. The similarity of the distribution potential of the studied species in the Caucasus was explained largely by a high degree of overlap of ecological niches (Schoener’s D = 0.55-0.79) and their visual overlap in the orthogonal space of the analyzed ecological factors. The largest Schoener’s D indexes were observed for the pairs Pinus sylvestris – Picea orientalis, Abies nordmanniana – Picea orientalis, Fagus orientalis – Picea orientalis, and Fagus orientalis – Carpinus betulus. Carpinus betulus, Fagus orientalis and Pinus sylvestris had the widest ecological niches.

scholarly journals ФІТОТОКСИЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ДЕЯКИХ ДЕРЕВНИХ РОСЛИН

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3(43)) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Мегалінська Г. П. ◽  
Пакірбаєва Л. В. ◽  
Білик Ж. І. ◽  
Даниленко Є. В. ◽  
Гатальська Є. О.
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity

The results of the study of phytotoxic effects of water extracts from Pinus sylvestris L., Betula pendula Roth, Quercus robur L., Picea abies (L.) Karst. P. excelsa Link, Carpinus betulus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Populus tremula L., Crataegus submollis L. are presented. For а comparison of the phytotoxic activity of the investigated plants was used to measure the change in the intensity of the mitotic division, depending on the concentration of aqueous extraction of plant material (tangent trend curve of cytostatic activity). According to this parameter, the following row of phytotoxic activity of wood species can be ordered: Populus tremula, Betula pendula, Robinia pseudoacacia, Carpinus betulus, Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Pinus sylvestris. Water extract Quercus robur and Picea abies have discovered a phyto-stimulating effect. The results of the study allow us to discuss the possibility of introducing the parameter of the phytotoxicity coefficient to determine the allelopathic effect in the tree-tree system.

Mercury in Macroinvertebrates from Swedish Forest Lakes: Influence of Lake Type, Habitat, Life Cycle, and Food Quality

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Parkman ◽  
Markus Meili
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Forest Lakes

Mercury concentrations in lacustrine macroinvertebrates were concurrently studied in eight remote Swedish forest lakes of differing dystrophy, acidity, and eutrophy. The aim was to assess the influence of ecological factors (taxon, habitat, and feeding habits), chemical factors (characterizing different types of lakes), and regional and climatic factors (Hg deposition and mean temperature) on the accumulation of Hg. Concentrations varied from <50 to >5000 ng Hg∙g dry weight−1. A large part of this high variability could be ascribed to differences in water and sediment chemistry, ecological niches, and species-specific seasonalities. Both taxonomic composition and Hg concentrations were highly dependent on the type of lake. Concentrations were highest in acidic dystrophic lakes and lowest in oligotrophic lakes. Mean Hg concentrations in the examined taxa within a lake differed 100-fold. Contrary to widely held views on biomagnification, the lowest concentrations among profundal chironomids were found in predators whereas the highest concentrations occurred in detritivores. Seasonal variations were negligible in some taxa but considerable in others and appeared in some taxa to be related to the life cycle. We conclude that Hg accumulation in macroinvertebrates is largely determined by feeding behaviour and food quality.

scholarly journals Adhesion Strength of Cellulosic Varnish Coated Wood Species as Function of Their Surface Roughness

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turgay Ozdemir ◽  
Salim Hiziroglu ◽  
Mutlu Kocapınar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Fagus Orientalis ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
Grain Orientations

The objective of this study was to evaluate adhesion strength of four wood species, namely, beech (Fagus orientalisLipsky), alder (Alnus glutinosasubsp.barbataYalt.), spruce (Picea orientalisL. Link), and fir (Abies nordmannianasubsp.) coated with cellulosic varnish. Samples were prepared in tangential and radial grain orientations from the above species. Surface quality of the specimens was also measured employing stylus type equipment after samples of all four types of species were sanded with 80- and 180-grit sandpaper prior to coating process. Surface roughness of the specimens sanded with 80-grit sandpaper resulted in significantly higher mean peak-to-valley height (Rz) values based on the measurement employing stylus type profilometer. The highest adhesion strength values of 2.39 N/mm2and 2.03 N/mm2were found for beech and alder samples, respectively. It appears that overall higher roughness characteristics of the specimens exhibited enhanced adherence between substrate and varnish resulting in higher adhesion strength values.

Thelastomatoidea (Nematoda: Oxyurida) of the Australian giant burrowing cockroach, Macropanesthia rhinoceros (Blaberidae: Geoscapheinae)

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R. Jex ◽  
Margaret A. Schneider ◽  
Harley A. Rose ◽  
Thomas H. Cribb
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Host ◽  
Loose Soil ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
High Degree

Abstract The thelastomatoid fauna of Macropanesthia rhinoceros was examined from 13 localities across its range in Queensland, Australia. Nine species of thelastomatoids, including two representing new genera, Geoscaphenema megaovum n. g., n. sp. and Jaidenema rhinoceratum n. g., n. sp., were found. Macropanesthia rhinoceros is reported as a new host for seven species previously recorded from Panesthia cribrata (Blaberidae: Panesthiinae) and P. tryoni tryoni, viz, Blattophila sphaerolaima, Leidynemella fusiformis, Cordonicola gibsoni, Travassosinema jaidenae, Coronostoma australiae, Hammerschmidtiella hochi and Desmicola ornata. Overall estimated richness for the system ranged from 10.1-13.5 species. The high degree of parasite faunal overlap between M. rhinoceros and the two Panesthia species is surprising given the disparate ecological niches that they occupy; P. cribrata and P. tryoni tryoni burrow in, and feed upon, moist decaying wood and require a climate that is moist all year round, whereas M. rhinoceros burrows in loose soil, feeds on fallen leaf litter and is tolerant of much drier environments.

scholarly journals Природні процеси розвитку та взаємовідносини компонентів садово-паркових екосистем в урбанізованому середовищі

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Я. Мельничук ◽  
Я. В. Геник ◽  
С. П. Мельничук ◽  
М. М. Паславський
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Розкрито особливості формування зелених насаджень урбанізованих екосистем. Визначено видовий склад лісопаркових і паркових насаджень міста Львова та їх просторовий розподіл. Досліджено та узагальнено фітоценотичні особливості міських насаджень, зокрема, їх флористичну, вікову та екологічну структури, а також візуально-естетичні якості. Встановлено, що процеси урбанізації спричинили формування в лісопаркових і паркових насадженнях Львова нових рослинних асоціацій та появу у фітоценозах інтродукованих деревних видів. Встановлено, що видова різноманітність трав'яного вкриття лісопаркових і паркових зон безпосередньо залежить від топографічних, мікрокліматичних і ґрунтових умов місцевості, а також від видового складу деревного намету та його зімкнутості. Проаналізовано мікрокліматичні характеристики різних за видовим складом фітоценозів лісопаркових і паркових насаджень. З'ясовано, що найбільш контрастними показниками мікрокліматичних особливостей лісопаркових і паркових фітоценозів, порівняно із показниками відкритого простору, характеризуються насадження із щільним наметом з перевагою у складі Carpinus betulus L., Quercus rubra Du Roi, Аcer platanoides L., Acer pseudoplatanus L. та Quercus robur L. За особливостями мікрокліматичних показників у лісопаркових і паркових фітоценозах та відкритого простору виділено три групи рослинних асоціацій: за різницею температур і вологістю повітря – "холодні-вологі", "помірні" та "теплі-сухі"; за вітровим режимом – "комфортні", "середнього комфорту" та "некомфортні"; за освітленістю надґрунтової поверхні: "темні", "середньої освітленості" та "світлі". Встановлено, що більш прогрітим є верхній шар ґрунтового покриву у фітоценозах "теплого-сухого" угруповання з перевагою у складі Pinus sylvestris L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Betulla pendula Roth., Larix decidua Mill. та Аcer negundo L. Визначено, що проективне трав'яне вкриття у рослинних асоціаціях, віднесених до груп "темних", або зовсім відсутнє, або не перевищує 5 %, а у "світлих" фітоценозах становить 95-100 %. Видове фіторізноманіття у "світлих" і "теплих-сухих" фітоценозах є вищим порівно із фітоценозами "середньої освітленості" і "помірних", а природне поновлення деревних видів у "темних" і "холодних-вологих" рослинних угрупованнях зазвичай відсутнє. Охарактеризовано групи рослинних асоціацій за шкалою естетичної цінності та санітарно-гігієнічними умовами згідно з виділеними кліматопами. Висвітлено значення відновлення фітоценотичної структури лісопаркових і паркових насаджень в оптимізації зелених зон урбанізованих екосистем.

scholarly journals Towards unravelling Wolbachia global exchange: a contribution from the Bicyclus and Mylothris butterflies in the Afrotropics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Duplouy ◽  
Robin Pranter ◽  
Haydon Warren-Gash ◽  
Robert Tropek ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Global Exchange

Abstract Background Phylogenetically closely related strains of maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria are often found in phylogenetically divergent, and geographically distant insect host species. The interspecies transfer of the symbiont Wolbachia has been thought to have occurred repeatedly, facilitating its observed global pandemic. Few ecological interactions have been proposed as potential routes for the horizontal transfer of Wolbachia within natural insect communities. These routes are however likely to act only at the local scale, but how they may support the global distribution of some Wolbachia strains remains unclear. Results Here, we characterize the Wolbachia diversity in butterflies from the tropical forest regions of central Africa to discuss transfer at both local and global scales. We show that numerous species from both the Mylothris (family Pieridae) and Bicyclus (family Nymphalidae) butterfly genera are infected with similar Wolbachia strains, despite only minor interclade contacts across the life cycles of the species within their partially overlapping ecological niches. The phylogenetic distance and differences in resource use between these genera rule out the role of ancestry, hybridization, and shared host-plants in the interspecies transfer of the symbiont. Furthermore, we could not identify any shared ecological factors to explain the presence of the strains in other arthropod species from other habitats, or even ecoregions. Conclusion Only the systematic surveys of the Wolbachia strains from entire species communities may offer the material currently lacking for understanding how Wolbachia may transfer between highly different and unrelated hosts, as well as across environmental scales.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of some species of the genus Quercus L. (Fagaceae) in the Southern Caucasus and adjacent areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Alla Hayrapetyan ◽  
Angela A. Bruch
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Modern Species ◽  
Pollen Surface ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Southern Caucasus ◽  
High Degree

The palynomorphology of 19 modern species of the genus Quercus L. native to Armenia and adjacent regions, including the Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the Mediterranean region (especially Turkey), as well as Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan, was studied using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The work revealed two main types of apertures (3-zonocolpate, 3-zonocolp-porate) as well as six morphological types of pollen based on three main types of exine ornamentation (tuberculate, verrucate, rugulate). We suggest that two main groups of exine ornamentation developed from a common initial type. The first group covers all species of the subgenus Quercus and also Q. suber and Q. alnifolia of the subgenus Heterobalanus. The second group is limited to the morphological type Q. ilex (species Q. ilex, Q. coccifera, subgenus Heterobalanus). On the other hand, the presence of widespread interspecific and introgressive hybridization within the genus Quercus indicates an ongoing process of speciation. This also has an effect on pollen features, which are very similar in a number of species but also vary in individual samples even within the same species. The morphological uniformity of the pollen surface (especially for the subgenus Quercus), the presence of islets of secondary sporopollenin on the surface of pollen grains, as well as orbicules in anthers, do not indicate general primitiveness of representatives of this genus but most likely denote a relatively high degree of speciation activity within this group.

Floristic classification of forests with Fagus orientalis Lypsky and Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach in the Belaya river basin (Western Caucasus)

2006 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
A. A. Frantsuzov
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Fagus Orientalis ◽  
Diagnostic Species ◽  
Dark Coniferous Forest ◽  
Rhododendron Ponticum ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
Sanicula Europaea

The area of the Belaya River basin (Western Cau­casus) within the altitudinal ranges of 700 to 2100 m is covered with beech-fir forests, composed of Fagus orientalis and Abies nordmanniana, which occur in slopes of various exposure and inclination. Syntaxo­nomic diversity of these communities is represented by four associations: 1. Sambuco nigrae—Fagetum orien­talis ass. nov.; the diagnostic species set includes Sam­bucus nigra, Symphytum grandiflorum, Pachy­phragma macrophyllum, Paris incompleta, Acer pseudoplatanus, Philadelphus caucasicus, Hedera helix; 2. Festuco dry­mejae—Abietetum nordmannianae ass. nov.; the diagnostic species are Festuca dry­meja, Sanicula europaea, Solidago virgaurea, Galium rotundifolium, Mycelis muralis, Lathyrus aureus, Calamintha grandiflora; 3. Rhododendro pontici—Fagetum orientalis ass. nov.; the diagnostic species is Rhododendron ponticum; 4. Petasito albae—Abietetum nordmannianae ass. nov.; the diagnostic species are Acer trautvetteri, Petasites albus, Symphytum asperum, Aconitum orientale, Adeno­styles macrophylla, Geranium sylvaticum, Myosotis amoena, Valeriana officinalis. The associations are subordinated to the alliance Abieti—Fagion orientalis Korotkov et Belonovskaja 1987 of the order Rhododendro pontici—Fagetalia orientalis Passarge 1981 and the class Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger 1937. The results, together with those obtained by Korotkov & Belonovskaya (1987), allow us to assume that all the dark coniferous forest units of the Caucasus Range could be included into this single alliance.

scholarly journals On the Pliocene Flora of Transcaucasia

1922 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
J. W. Palibin
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Fagus Orientalis ◽  
Beech Tree ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Caucasus ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

It is well known that the existing flora of Western Caucasia is of great interest from the point of view of the origin of the floras of Europe and Asia, as in it have survived to this day numerous types of plants which were widely spread over the Northern Hemisphere during Tertiary times. The Palæontological history of the Tertiary Flora of the Caucasus is very meagre. The Pliocene Flora of the Caucasus is discussed by me in my work on the presence of the leaves of the recent Caucasus beech-tree (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and some other species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the Pliocene beds, the so-called “Aktschagyl Series”, of the Elisapethpol province. It is worthy of remark that the wood was found in seams interstratified with beds rich in well-preserved Pliocene shells, which could be determined with certainty. It was proved that in the southern Caucasus there existed in Pliocene times the same species of beech as at present.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document