scholarly journals Assessment of economic traits’ inheritance of winter rye at intraspecific hybridization

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Elena Parfenova ◽  
Elena Utkina ◽  
Natalia Nabatova ◽  
Marina Shamova ◽  
Maria Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Rye ◽  
Genotypic Variability ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Intermediate Traits

Intraspecific hybridization in winter rye selection (Secale cereale L. ssp. cereale) is a source of intrapopulation genotypic variability with the possibility of using the effect of interpopulation heterosis. The inheritance of the crop yield, the regeneration degree after overwintering and the weight of 1000 grains in reciprocal and back winter rye F1 intervarietal hybrids was established. Different types of inheritance prevailed in reciprocal and back crossings. The regeneration inheritance and the weight of 1000 grains had a specificity. Traits’ overdominance prevailed in reciprocal crossings (45% of hybrids). The yield of reciprocal hybrids was inherited mainly according to the overdominance type (68% of the hybrids), the weight of 1000 grains - according to the intermediate type (50%), regeneration - according to the overdominance type and transitionally - equally (36% each). Intermediate traits’ inheritance prevailed in back crossings (62% of hybrids). The rarest type of traits’ inheritance was complete dominance of the best parent (2 hybrids). 4 F1 hybrids with the greatest overdominance in yield, regeneration, weight of 1000 grains were allocated. The degree of true and competitive heterosis of reciprocal F1 hybrids in terms of yield was determined. The level of true heterosis of F1 hybrids in terms of yield varied within 6-123%. Economically significant competitive heterosis in terms of yield was established in 7 F1 hybrids.

scholarly journals Study of the gene pool of the winter rye Secale cereale L. of the Republic of Belarus using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
V. S. Mandrusova ◽  
I. S. Gordej ◽  
O. M. Lyusikov ◽  
V. E. Shimko ◽  
I. A. Gordej
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Interpopulation Variability ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Republic

In this work, the genetic diversity of the modern gene pool of the winter rye (S. cereal L.) of the Republic of Belarus from 20 actual breeding samples was investigated using 15 microsatellite (SSR) markers to develop divergent crossing combinations in breeding for heterosis. It was shown that the formed set of SSR markers is highly effective – the informational content index (PIC) varied from 0.50 to 0.83 and averaged 0.72. The most effective microsatellite markers (SCM28, SCM43, SCM101 and SCM102) were identified and can be successfully used to study the genetic diversity of rye. It has been established that the modern gene pool of the winter rye of the Republic of Belarus is generally characterized by fairly wide genetic diversity (interpopulation variability) – all collection samples are characterized by a unique allelic composition of the studied microsatellite loci. Based on investigation results, a hierarchical clustering dendrogram was constructed, which made it possible to determine the most genetically divergent combinations of crosses. The information obtained can be used for the development of an effective scheme allowing to develop new varieties and hybrids in the practical breeding of rye for heterosis.

scholarly journals Intraspecific Hybridization Of Normal Pigmented And Albino Clarias Gariepinus From Yola And Katsina under Hatchery Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
L.U Onyia ◽  
I.J Ochokwu ◽  
V Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Genetic Crosses ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Specific Hybridization ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

The study examined the reproductive indices of albino and normal pigmented Clarias gariepinus fish from Katsina (KT) and Yola (YY), carried out under hatchery condition. The experiment compared the fecundity, testes, milt volume, percentage fertilization and hatchability of albino (AA) and normal pigmented (NN) Clarias gariepinus from Katsina (KT) and Yola (YY). Normal pigmented C. gariepinus from Katsina (KT) had the highest number of eggs (229,240), followed by YY (127,250) and the least was recorded in the Albino (AA) (124,750). The weights and lengths of the left and right lobes as well as the volumes of the milt were quantified . However, KT had the highest weight and length of the right testis (18g and 5.7cm respectively) while AA had the highest weight, length of the left testis and milt volume (30g, 11cm and 8.4ml respectively). The least length and weight of the testes was observed in YY. Meanwhile, KT and YY had milt volumes of 4.0ml and 4.7ml, respectively. The highest percentage fertilization and hatchability were recorded in KT × KT (98.7% and 98.5% respectively) among the purebred, while KT × AA had the highest percentage fertilization and hatchability (98.4% and 97.3% respectively) in the reciprocal hybrids. The percentage fertilization and hatchability among the genetic crosses showed significant differences (p<0.05). The results deduced the essentiality of fish hybridization. Furthermore, crossing of broodstocks from different regions have showcased the contingency of acquiring fish seed of improved reproductive potentials in the reciprocal hybrids in the aspects of fecundity, fertilization, hatchability rate, testis quality and faster growth. Keywords: Albino, Fecundity, Intra-specific Hybridization, Normal pigmented, Testis

Cell Wall Deposits in Winter Rye Secale cereale L. 'Puma' during Cold Acclimation

1982 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Griffith ◽  
Gregory N. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Secale Cereale L

scholarly journals Intersowing Cover Crops into Standing Soybean in the US Upper Midwest

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan T. Peterson ◽  
Marisol T. Berti ◽  
Dulan Samarappuli
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Nitrate Losses ◽  
The Us ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Glycine Max L

Nutrient losses and soil erosion after soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) harvest are common in the US Upper Midwest. Cover crops need to provide adequate growth and cover to prevent soil degradation throughout the winter and early spring months. The objective of this study was to determine the establishment of intersown cover crops and their impacts on a soybean-wheat rotation. Four cover crops—winter camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz), winter pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense (L.) Poir), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.)—were directly sown at the R4 and R6 stages of soybean at two locations, Prosper and Fargo, ND in 2016–2017. Cover crops above ground biomass in the fall ranged from 0.4 to 3.0 Mg ha−1 and N accumulation ranged from 28.7 to 73.2 kg ha−1. Winter camelina and winter rye reduced subsequent spring wheat yield compared with the no cover crop treatment. Fall soil residual NO3-N levels were lowest where cover crops were sown compared with the check. Spring NO3-N levels were lowest in winter camelina and winter rye compared with all the other cover crops and the check. Results indicated intersowing cover crops have no impact on soybean yield, and show potential to mitigate soil nitrate losses in areas that grow soybean as a cash crop.

Pearl millet as a rotation crop with flue-cured tobacco for control of root-lesion nematodes in Ontario

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Amankwa ◽  
A. D. White ◽  
T. W. McDowell ◽  
D. L. Van Hooren
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Rotation Crop ◽  
Grade Index

In Ontario, flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) growers routinely fumigate their soils to control root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb). Studies suggest that planting pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) as a rotation crop may control the nematodes; winter rye (Secale cereale L.), the crop commonly grown in rotation with tobacco, is susceptible to the nematodes. In 2002, plots of forage millet (var. CFPM 101), grain millet (var. CGPMH-1) and winter rye were established at three sites and in 2003, tobacco was grown at these sites in non-fumigated plots where the rotation crops grew, except for a winter rye/fumigation treatment. The goal was to evaluate P. penetrans populations and tobacco yield and quality in the millet rotations relative to the traditional rye-fumigation system. In 2002, initial P. penetrans populations assessed in the spring were similar for all treatments; however, the final populations and consequently the ratios of final populations/initial populations (Pf/Pi) consistently differed among treatments. The Pf/Pi ratios ranged from 0.07 to 0.79 for forage millet, from 0.18 to 0.94 for grain millet and from 2.33 to 21.65 for rye. In 2003, P. penetrans populations in tobacco plots previously cropped to either type of millet were comparable with those detected in fumigated winter rye plots. Compared with tobacco following rye without fumigation, tobacco yield was 14 to 51% higher following rye with fumigation, 19 to 70% higher following forage millet and 18 to 65% higher following grain millet. Grade index was unaffected. Results indicate that pearl millet offers an alternative to fumigants for the suppression of P. penetrans population and provides equivalent gross returns. Key words: Pennisetum glaucum, rotation crop, Nicotiana tabacum

scholarly journals Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Winter Rye Varieties Cultivated in Poland (2017–2019)

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Robert Kosicki ◽  
Magdalena Twarużek ◽  
Paweł Dopierała ◽  
Bartosz Rudzki ◽  
Jan Grajewski
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Results

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most important cereals and is used in both the food and feed industries. It is produced mainly in a belt extending from Russia through Poland to Germany. Despite the great economic importance of this cereal, there is little research on rye contamination with mycotoxins. In this study, the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and zearalenone), as well as ochratoxin A, in 60 winter rye samples of four varieties (KWS Binntto, KWS Serafino, Dańkowskie Granat and Farm Saved Seed) cultivated in three consecutive growing seasons in five different regions of Poland was determined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence detection. Deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and zearalenone had the highest occurrence in samples (90%, 63%, 57%, and 45% positive results, respectively). The mean concentrations of these analytes were 28.8 µg/kg (maximum 354.1 µg/kg), 0.98 µg/kg (maximum 6.63 µg/kg), 2.98 µg/kg (maximum 29.8 µg/kg), and 0.69 µg/kg (maximum 10.2 µg/kg), respectively. The mean concentrations for individual mycotoxins were highest in the 2016/2017 growing season. In the 2016/2017 growing season, at least two mycotoxins were detected in 95% of the samples, while in the 2018/2019 growing season, 70% of samples contained one or no mycotoxins. The frequencies of mycotoxin occurrence in different rye varieties were similar. Although a high frequency of mycotoxin occurrence was noted (especially deoxynivalenol), their concentrations were low, and none of the analyzed rye samples exceeded the maximum acceptable mycotoxin level set by the European Commission.

Relationship between extract viscosity and kernel size in winter rye

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
Y. T. Gan ◽  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
G. L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Kernel Width ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Rye (Secale cereale L.) grain with low extract viscosity (EV) and superior kernel characteristics is desired when used in diets of monogastric animals. Knowledge of the relationship between EV and kernel characteristics is needed to develop an efficient selection strategy for breeding cultivars that meet the two criteria. Grains of 11 open-pollinated population varieties/lines grown in 21 environments were studied to determine the relationship between EV and kernel weight (KWT) among genotypes and environmental effects. Grains of eight out of the eleven varieties/lines were screened into five kernel-size categories, <2.0, 2.0–2.4, 2.4–2.8, 2.8–3.2, >3.2 mm in kernel width, to determine the relationship between EV and kernel width within a genotype. EV was a linear function of KWT; high KWT is indicative of low EV. The degree of the relationship was affected by environment. For example, grains grown at Swift Current had a stronger relationship between EV and KWT than those from Lacombe (b = −1.67 vs. −0.31). For the grain from Swift Current, 60% of variability in EV was attributable to KWT, while for the grain from Lacombe only ≈ 20% of variability in EV was explainable by KWT. Among the various kernel-width categories within a genotype, 60 to 98% of variability in EV was attributable to kernel width, with some genotypes responding to a greater degree than others. In development of winter rye cultivars low in extract viscosity, breeders could combine kernel weight/width into the selection strategy to enhance the selection progress or use kernel weight/width as a reference in selection of extract viscosity trait. Key words: Pentosans, arabinoxylans, kernel weight, Secale cereale

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