scholarly journals Review of the syn-rift to early post-rift depositional systems of the Cretaceous Mauléon rift: sedimentary record of continental crust hyperextension and mantle denudation (Western Pyrenees)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Saspiturry ◽  
Benoit Issautier ◽  
Philippe Razin ◽  
Simon Andrieu ◽  
Eric Lasseur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Proximal Margin ◽  
Continental Breakup ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Synthetic View ◽  
Fault Scarps

Abstract — The Mauléon basin, in the northwestern Pyrenean belt, is related to Early Cretaceous rifting and continental breakup. Here we review the evolution of depositional environments in the hyperextended Mauléon rift basin during Albian and Cenomanian time. This review includes the lithostratigraphy, regional distribution, boundaries, age and facies sedimentology of the basin’s syn-rift formations and their members. We construct paleogeographic maps to elucidate (1) the 3D distribution of sedimentary facies and depositional environments during the Albian and Cenomanian from the Iberian proximal margin to the hyperextended domain and (2) the link between major extensional structures and sedimentation during rifting and continental breakup. The Mauléon rift was supplied during most of the Albian by sediments from the Iberian proximal margin. The southern margin had a steep and abrupt topographic boundary related to a northward crustal rollover along the south-dipping Saint-Palais detachment. This feature controlled the deposition of base-of-slope conglomerates at the base of the margin that abruptly gave way to low-density turbidites, then hemipelagic deposits in the hyperextended domain. During latest Albian to Early Cenomanian time, continental breakup occurred in the eastern Mauléon basin and the vergence of the detachment systems reversed. Minor debris-flow deposits formed at the foot of fault scarps associated with the newly formed north-dipping detachments. Elsewhere, sediment from deltaic systems to the west in the Saint-Jean-de-Luz area deposited low-density turbidites in the hyperextended domain. During the post-rift stage, the flux of coarse sediment from the detachment footwall gradually declined as deformation waned, and low-density turbidites expanded onto the hyperextended domain from the European Late Cretaceous carbonate platform. These paleogeographic reconstructions, in addition to offering a synthetic view of the evolution of sedimentary environments during rifting, offer new insight into the post-rifting exhumation of the lower crust and mantle.

Benthic foraminiferal zonation in deep-water carbonate platform margin environments, northern Little Bahama Bank

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Sediment Gravity Flows ◽  
Gravity Flows ◽  
Platform Margin ◽  
Water Carbonate

The utility of benthic foraminifera in bathymetric interpretation of clastic depositional environments is well established. In contrast, bathymetric distribution of benthic foraminifera in deep-water carbonate environments has been largely neglected. Approximately 260 species and morphotypes of benthic foraminifera were identified from 12 piston core tops and grab samples collected along two traverses 25 km apart across the northern windward margin of Little Bahama Bank at depths of 275-1,135 m. Certain species and operational taxonomic groups of benthic foraminifera correspond to major near-surface sedimentary facies of the windward margin of Little Bahama Bank and serve as reliable depth indicators. Globocassidulina subglobosa, Cibicides rugosus, and Cibicides wuellerstorfi are all reliable depth indicators, being most abundant at depths >1,000 m, and are found in lower slope periplatform aprons, which are primarily comprised of sediment gravity flows. Reef-dwelling peneroplids and soritids (suborder Miliolina) and rotaliines (suborder Rotaliina) are most abundant at depths <300 m, reflecting downslope bottom transport in proximity to bank-margin reefs. Small miliolines, rosalinids, and discorbids are abundant in periplatform ooze at depths <300 m and are winnowed from the carbonate platform. Increased variation in assemblage diversity below 900 m reflects mixing of shallow- and deep-water species by sediment gravity flows.

Benthic foraminiferal zonation in deep-water carbonate platform margin environments, northern Little Bahama Bank

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Sediment Gravity Flows ◽  
Gravity Flows ◽  
Platform Margin ◽  
Water Carbonate

The utility of benthic foraminifera in bathymetric interpretation of clastic depositional environments is well established. In contrast, bathymetric distribution of benthic foraminifera in deep-water carbonate environments has been largely neglected. Approximately 260 species and morphotypes of benthic foraminifera were identified from 12 piston core tops and grab samples collected along two traverses 25 km apart across the northern windward margin of Little Bahama Bank at depths of 275-1,135 m. Certain species and operational taxonomic groups of benthic foraminifera correspond to major near-surface sedimentary facies of the windward margin of Little Bahama Bank and serve as reliable depth indicators. Globocassidulina subglobosa, Cibicides rugosus, and Cibicides wuellerstorfi are all reliable depth indicators, being most abundant at depths >1,000 m, and are found in lower slope periplatform aprons, which are primarily comprised of sediment gravity flows. Reef-dwelling peneroplids and soritids (suborder Miliolina) and rotaliines (suborder Rotaliina) are most abundant at depths <300 m, reflecting downslope bottom transport in proximity to bank-margin reefs. Small miliolines, rosalinids, and discorbids are abundant in periplatform ooze at depths <300 m and are winnowed from the carbonate platform. Increased variation in assemblage diversity below 900 m reflects mixing of shallow- and deep-water species by sediment gravity flows.

scholarly journals Large-scale vertical movements in Cenomanian to Santonian carbonate platform in Iberia: Indicators of a Coniacian pre-orogenic compressive stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Andrieu ◽  
Nicolas Saspiturry ◽  
Marine Lartigau ◽  
Benoit Issautier ◽  
Paul Angrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Flexural Response ◽  
Kinematic Models ◽  
Far Field Stress ◽  
Iberian Margin

The Cenomanian to early Santonian interval is usually considered a time of postrifting tectonic quiescence around the northern margins of Iberia that preceded the onset of the Pyrenean convergence by crustal thrusting in the latest Santonian. However, plate kinematic models of the Mesozoic evolution of Iberia poorly constrain the Turonian-Santonian position of Iberia relative to Eurasia. This study reconstructs changes in the sedimentary facies and architecture of the Iberian carbonate platform throughout the Late Cretaceous and sheds new light on the geodynamic evolution of the Iberia-Eurasia relationship at that time. Sixteen outcrop sections were described and 24 sedimentary facies identified that define 5 depositional environments ranging from the basin to the continental setting. From these and previously published field data we reconstruct the evolution of the Pyrenean carbonate platform, on an east-west transect nearly 400 km long, on the basis of 11 short-term depositional sequences and 5 long-term systems tracts. In our interpretation, the Cenomanian and Turonian correspond to a postrift stage during which the European and Iberian margins, together with the deep basin between them, subside gently, as shown by accommodation rates varying from ~15 to 30 m/My in the margins and ~100 to 150 m/My in the basin. The Coniacian and early Santonian are characterized by a large-scale flexural response consisting of (1) uplift of the southern Iberian margin, with negative accommodation rates, karstified surfaces and paleosols, and (2) increasing subsidence rates in the basin and its edges (the northern Iberian margin and eastern Aquitaine platform), with accommodation rates several times greater than during the Turonian. We propose that far-field stress associated with slight northward motion of the Iberia plate led to the incipient large-scale flexural deformation in the Pyrenean domain. The late Santonian and Campanian are an early orogenic stage marked by rapid subsidence throughout the Pyrenean domain, except at its western end. We argue that the initiation of the Pyrenean convergence, usually considered to occur during the latest Santonian, occurred in the Coniacian.

Regional Distribution of Hazardous Elements in Late Permian Coal Southern Sichuan, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 868 ◽  
pp. 370-373
Author(s):  
Yang Bing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Hazardous Elements ◽  
Marine Carbonate ◽  
Permian Coal ◽  
Chinese Coal

In this paper, the regional distribution of six hazardous elements (S, Cl, Hg, Se, F and As) in Late Permian coal in southern Sichuan, China, is discussed based on the differences of the sedimentary environment. Based on the different sedimentary facies, the sedimentary environment of the southern Sichuan coal basin can be divided into three areas: fluvial or swamp (AreaI), tidal flat (AreaII) and marine carbonate platform (Area III). The content of F, Hg, Cl and Se is lower in the entire southern Sichuan coal field as compared to the average value of these hazardous elements in Chinese coal. The element S is concentrated in coal in Area III and the upper part of Area II. The element As is concentrated in coal in the upper part of Area II.

Ground penetrating radar of northern lacustrine deltas

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1939-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry M. Jol ◽  
Derald G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used in several selected deltaic sedimentary environments to better understand subsurface stratigraphy and reconstruct former depositional environments. The profiles provide high-resolution, continuous subsurface data on facies thickness and depths, orientation of major sedimentary structures, postdepositional failure planes, and depth of peat deposits.Field experiments were carried out on six river deltas. Records from four of the deltas exhibit sedimentary facies; a record from one delta shows a possible slump; and records from another delta reveal the thickness and stratigraphic relationships of peat deposits. The delta types are (i) sandy, wave influenced; (ii) sandy, immature wave influenced (steeper middle and lower shoreface); (iii) sandy braided; and (iv) gravelly, fan–foreset.In areas of limited subsurface control (stratigraphic logs from drill core, cutbank exposure, or geophysical logs), radar profiles can provide ''big picture'' perspectives of the subsurface, a view only available in laterally extensive exposures. High-resolution profiles of subsurface stratigraphy and sedimentary facies from GPR provide an opportunity for geomorphologists and sedimentologists to further advance field research. Although GPR has limited success in silt and clay, results from sand and gravel deposits often reveal detailed facies assemblages.

scholarly journals The Lower Cretaceous carbonate slope-to-platform-margin succession near Khatt, United Arab Emirates: sedimentary facies and depositional geometries

GeoArabia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Eilrich ◽  
Jürgen Grötsch
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Type I ◽  
Platform Margin ◽  
Carbonate Slope ◽  
Channel Deposits ◽  
Depositional Geometries

ABSTRACT The Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous carbonate succession exposed near Khatt provides exceptional conditions for the investigation of sedimentary facies and depositional geometries in a carbonate slope-to-platform-margin setting. A coarsening-upward sequence in Lower Cretaceous limestones indicates decreasing depth of deposition and platform progradation. A pronounced shedding of sediments containing reefal fragments occurs in a slope environment with a well exposed basin-to-platform transect. The carbonate succession consists of mudstone, wackestone, grainstone, coarse rudstone with conglomerate/breccia interbeds, and framestone at the top. The depositional architecture is characterized by the abundance of massive sheet- or channel-like limestone bodies within thinly bedded and generally uniform strata. Quantitative analysis of many carbonate channel deposits and their geometries measured in outcrop led to the distinction of two major types. Type I channel deposits are thin (0.3 to 5 m) but massive, and are commonly irregularly shaped in cross-section. They are as much as 200 m wide. Type I channel deposits are characterized by a wide size range of skeletal and non-skeletal carbonate components. Type II channel deposits, by contrast, are more regularly bedded and have much larger thickness-to-width ratios, in general close to 1:10. Furthermore, they are composed of packstone to grainstone calciturbidite sediments. As with some sheet deposits, they can be correlated through most of the 5.5-km-long Khatt outcrop. Stratigraphically, however, their occurrence is very much restricted, indicating significant alternation of depositional styles as a consequence of changing carbonate platform production and changing sedimentary environments. The data presented here can serve as input for 3-D geological modeling of equivalent depositional environments in the subsurface. They can also be applied to object-based deterministic and stochastic facies modeling.

Holocene climate change in the Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula: evidence from sediment and diatom analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Heroy ◽  
Charlotte Sjunneskog ◽  
John B. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Bransfield Basin

AbstractWe present the first study from the Bransfield Basin that extends through the Holocene, recording the variable climate history back to the decoupling of the ice sheet from the continental shelf ~10 650 calendar years before present (cal yr bp). Detailed sediment analysis reveals three stratigraphic units in PC-61 concomitant with three sedimentary environments, similar to sedimentary facies reported elsewhere: 1) subglacial, 2) glacial proximal/sub-ice shelf, and 3) open marine. These interpretations are based on a variety of sedimentological criteria, supported by ten AMS radiocarbon dates and detailed diatom analysis. We note two significant volcanic ash layers (tephra) at 3870 and 5500 cal yr bp from nearby Deception Island. Based on diatom assemblage analysis, we identify five separate climate regimes, highlighting a significantly shorter Mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum than reported by other studies (6800–5900 cal yr bp). This period is marked by the highest Eucampia antarctica var. antarctica and Fragilariopsis curta abundance, total diatom abundance, sediment accumulation rates, and low magnetic susceptibility. We also identify a less pronounced Neoglacial period relative to other studies, which includes an increase of Cocconeis/Rhizosolenia spp. assemblage related to unstable surface water conditions. Such observations probably reflect important regional variations in atmospheric or ocean circulation patterns.

scholarly journals Sedimentology, petrography, and reservoir quality of the Zarga and Ghazal formations in the Keyi oilfield, Muglad Basin, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousif M. Makeen ◽  
Xuanlong Shan ◽  
Habeeb A. Ayinla ◽  
Ekundayo Joseph Adepehin ◽  
Ndip Edwin Ayuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Sequence Composition ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Authigenic Mineral ◽  
Thin Section Analysis

AbstractThe Zarga and Ghazal formations constitute important reservoirs across the Muglad Basin, Sudan. Nevertheless, the sedimentology and diagenesis of these reservoir intervals have hitherto received insignificant research attention. Detailed understanding of sedimentary facies and diagenesis could enhance geological and geophysical data for better exploration and production and minimize risks. In this study, subsurface reservoir cores representing the Zarga formation (1114.70–1118.50 m and 1118.50–1125.30 m), and the Ghazal formation (91,403.30–1406.83 m) were subjected to sedimentological (lithofacies and grain size), petrographic/mineralogic (thin section, XRD, SEM), and petrophysical (porosity and permeability) analyses to describe their reservoir quality, provenance, and depositional environments. Eight (8) different lithofacies, texturally characterized as moderately to well-sorted, and medium to coarse-grained, sub-feldspathic to feldspathic arenite were distinguished in the cored intervals. Mono-crystalline quartz (19.3–26.2%) predominated over polycrystalline quartz (2.6–13.8%), feldspar (6.6–10.3%), and mica (1.4–7.6%) being the most prominent constituent of the reservoir rocks. Provenance plot indicated the sediments were from a transitional continental provenance setting. The overall vertical sequence, composition, and internal sedimentary structures of the lithofacies suggest a fluvial-to-deltaic depositional environment for the Ghazal formation, while the Zarga formation indicated a dominant deltaic setting. Kaolinite occurs mainly as authigenic mineral, while carbonates quantitatively fluctuate with an insignificant amount of quartz overgrowths in most of the analyzed cores. Integration of XRD, SEM, and thin section analysis highlights that kaolinite, chlorite, illite, and smectite are present as authigenic minerals. Pore-destroying diagenetic processes (e.g. precipitation, cementation, and compaction etc.) generally prevailed over pore-enhancing processes (e.g. dissolution). Point-counted datasets indicate a better reservoir quality for the Ghazal formation (ɸ = 27.7% to 30.7%; K = 9.65 mD to 1196.71 mD) than the Zarga formation (17.9% to 24.5%; K = 1051.09 mD to 1090.45 mD).

scholarly journals Feldspar Dissolution and Its Influence on Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in the Northwest Margin of the Junggar Basin, China

Geofluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Xiao ◽  
Xuanjun Yuan ◽  
Dawei Cheng ◽  
Songtao Wu ◽  
Zhenglin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Junggar Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Feldspar Dissolution

Feldspar dissolution is a common feature in clastic rock reservoirs of petroliferous basins and has an important influence on reservoir quality. However, the effect of feldspar dissolution on reservoir quality varies under different depositional environments and diagenetic systems. The study area in this paper is located in the Baikouquan Formation in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin, which is significantly influenced by feldspar dissolution. Based on the analyses of core and thin section observations, QEMSEM, XRD, SEM, CL, fluorescence, and image analysis software combined with logging and physical property data, this study shows that feldspar dissolution in the subaqueous distributary channel of a fan delta plain, which has good original physical properties and low mud contents, significantly improves the properties of the reservoir. The main reasons for this are as follows: (1) the sedimentary facies with good original properties and low mud content is a relatively open system in the burial stage. The acidic fluids needed for feldspar dissolution are mostly derived from organic acids associated with the source rocks and migrate to the good-permeability area of the reservoir; (2) the by-products of feldspar dissolution, such as authigenic clay minerals and authigenic quartz, are transported by pore water in a relatively open diagenetic system and then precipitated in a relatively closed diagenetic system; and (3) the clay minerals produced by feldspar dissolution in different diagenetic environments and diagenetic stages have different effects on the reservoir. When the kaolinite content is less than 3%, the illite content is less than 4%, and the chlorite content is less than 12%, the clay minerals have a positive effect on the porosity. These clay minerals can reduce porosity and block pore throats when their contents are larger than these values.

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