scholarly journals Cost estimation model in early stage of design through implant miniplate complexity process index

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Hendri D.S. Budiono ◽  
Marthan Lassandy
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ultrasonic Cleaning ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Process Complexity

Manufacturing is an activity of processing raw materials into semi-finished or finished products. In addition to manufacturing process, the industry needs product design, material selection, material distribution to create a product. A product produced from a manufacturing system has an index of product complexity that illustrates that the product is made with a certain degree of complexity. The process done on the production of miniplate implants is the process of forming an outside profile, slicing process, the hole process, micro finishing, and ultrasonic cleaning. Quantitative methods used are feature-based cost, operationbased cost, and breakdown approach. Feature based cost consists of cost by feature, that is the cost outside profile, slicing process, the hole process, micro finishing, and ultrasonic cleaning costs. Operation based cost consists of set up, operation, and unloading costs. Breakdown approach consists of cost set tool, set workpiece, and programming on set up, operator cost, material, overhead, energy, and tool, unloading cost consists of release tool cost and release workpiece. Process complexity of the miniplate implant manufacturing process in the early stage of the design can be done with the help of Siemens Nx 8 software as a timing guide with the same parameters and has been tested for the correlation. The process complexity index of the miniplate implant manufacturing process is 100.08 and the estimated process cost of the miniplate implant manufacturing process using a combined analytical technique is IDR 139.150,94.

The Emergence of Rabbinic Culture from the Perspective of Qumran

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-274
Author(s):  
Vered Noam
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Set Up

The rabbinic halakhic system, with its many facets and the literary works that comprise it, reflects a new Jewish culture, almost completely distinct in its halakhic content and scope from the biblical and postbiblical culture that preceded it. By examining Jewish legislation in the area of corpse impurity as a test case, the article studies the implications of Qumranic halakhah, as a way-station between the Bible and the Mishnah, for understanding how Tannaitic halakhah developed. The impression obtained from the material reviewed in the article is that the direction of the “Tannaitic revolution” was charted, its methods set up, and its principles established, at a surprisingly early stage, before the destruction of the Second Temple, and thus at the same time that the Qumran literature was created.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Concept Design of Locally Reinforced Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7246
Author(s):  
Julius Moritz Berges ◽  
Georg Jacobs ◽  
Sebastian Stein ◽  
Jonathan Sprehe
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Cost Weight ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
The Cost

Locally load-optimized fiber-based composites, the so-called tailored textiles (TT), offer the potential to reduce weight and cost compared to conventional fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP). However, the design of TT has a higher complexity compared to FRP. Current approaches, focusing on solving this complexity for multiple objectives (cost, weight, stiffness), require great effort and calculation time, which makes them unsuitable for serial applications. Therefore, in this paper, an approach for the efficient creation of simplified TT concept designs is presented. By combining simplified models for structural design and cost estimation, the most promising concepts, regarding the cost, weight, and stiffness of TT parts, can be identified. By performing a parameter study, the cost, weight, and stiffness optima of a sample part compared to a conventional FRP component can be determined. The cost and weight were reduced by 30% for the same stiffness. Applying this approach at an early stage of product development reduces the initial complexity of the subsequent detailed engineering design, e.g., by applying methods from the state of the art.

Machining Feature-Based CAD/CAPP for STEP-NC

2014 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Operation Planning ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Machining Feature ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Cam Systems

ISO 14649, known as STEP-NC, is new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines. In this paper, the modeling based on machining feature is proposed. The machining feature comes from the manufacturing process considering the restriction of machining technology and machining resource. Then the framework for computer aided process planning is presented, where the algorithms of operation planning is studied. The practical example has been provided and results indicate that machining feature based model can integrate with CAPP and STEP-NC seamlessly.

scholarly journals Application of Boosting Regression Trees to Preliminary Cost Estimation in Building Construction Projects

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonseok Shin
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Regression Problem ◽  
Additional Information

Among the recent data mining techniques available, the boosting approach has attracted a great deal of attention because of its effective learning algorithm and strong boundaries in terms of its generalization performance. However, the boosting approach has yet to be used in regression problems within the construction domain, including cost estimations, but has been actively utilized in other domains. Therefore, a boosting regression tree (BRT) is applied to cost estimations at the early stage of a construction project to examine the applicability of the boosting approach to a regression problem within the construction domain. To evaluate the performance of the BRT model, its performance was compared with that of a neural network (NN) model, which has been proven to have a high performance in cost estimation domains. The BRT model has shown results similar to those of NN model using 234 actual cost datasets of a building construction project. In addition, the BRT model can provide additional information such as the importance plot and structure model, which can support estimators in comprehending the decision making process. Consequently, the boosting approach has potential applicability in preliminary cost estimations in a building construction project.

Feature-Based 3-D Sketching for Early Stage Design

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata M. Sturgill ◽  
Elaine Cohen ◽  
Richard F. Riesenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Sectional Shape

Abstract During early stages of design, the mere presence of items, their relative positioning, and their interrelationships can be more significant than fine details, like exact dimensions, whether a hole is counterbored, or the exact cross-sectional shape of a groove. Most CAD systems have little, if any, support for this critical, incipient design stage, In addressing this economically compelling and highly leveraged area, we present an intuitive, feature-based approach to 3-D design which permits a complete first pass through the design-manufacturing cycle even before a detailed specification is complete. We report a functioning 3-D design front-end for a solid modeling system that has been used for fast intra-part and inter-part, visual, generalized feature specification, a frontend that is intimately connected to the system so that both visual and detailed design can be carried out concurrently on the same model to meet designer needs. Hence, the design that is “captured” during the sketch and modify phase using this approach is fully usable for activities that traditionally require a fully detailed solid model, such as rendering, finite element and other analysis, assembly analysis, process planning, and manufacturing at this initial stage instead of the traditionally late stages.

Quantitative Removal of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Essential Oils by the Hydrodistillation Step in Their Manufacturing Process

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Giera ◽  
Michael Preisitsch ◽  
Hugues Brevard ◽  
Jörn Nemetz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloids are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain weeds that can, if accidentally co-harvested, contaminate plant-based food, feed, and herbal medicinal products. Focusing on herbal medicinal products, the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids is restricted by regulatory prescribed thresholds to assure patient safety. Among the multitude of different herbal active substances utilized in herbal medicinal products, the class of pharmaceutically effective essential oils is considered to exhibit a negligible contribution to pyrrolizidine alkaloid contamination. Within the present investigation, this hypothesis should be scientifically scrutinized. For this purpose, an experimental set-up was chosen that reproduces the typical manufacturing step of hydrodistillation. Essential oils of eucalyptus and lemon were selected exemplarily and spiked with 3 representative pyrrolizidine alkaloids (retrorsine, retrorsine-N-oxide, and lycopsamine), whereupon hydrodistillation was performed. Analysis of the resulting distillates by LC-MS/MS proved that artificially added pyrrolizidine alkaloids were removed completely. Moreover, quantitative pyrrolizidine alkaloid recovery in the aqueous phases was observed. Hence, it was experimentally confirmed that herbal medicinal products employing hydrodistilled essential oils of pharmaceutical quality are intrinsically free of pyrrolizidine alkaloids due to the particularities of their manufacturing process. Furthermore, it can be concluded from theoretical considerations that essential oils produced by cold pressing have a negligible risk of carrying pyrrolizidine alkaloid contamination. Our findings provide a strong indication that the requirement for analytical pyrrolizidine alkaloid testing of essential oils for pharmaceutical use should be fundamentally reconsidered.

Integrating fuzzy case-based reasoning, parametric and feature-based cost estimation methods for machining process

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fentahun Moges Kasie ◽  
Glen Bright
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Case Based

Purpose This paper aims to propose an intelligent system that serves as a cost estimator when new part orders are received from customers. Design/methodology/approach The methodologies applied in this study were case-based reasoning (CBR), analytic hierarchy process, rule-based reasoning and fuzzy set theory for case retrieval. The retrieved cases were revised using parametric and feature-based cost estimation techniques. Cases were represented using an object-oriented (OO) approach to characterize them in n-dimensional Euclidean vector space. Findings The proposed cost estimator retrieves historical cases that have the most similar cost estimates to the current new orders. Further, it revises the retrieved cost estimates based on attribute differences between new and retrieved cases using parametric and feature-based cost estimation techniques. Research limitations/implications The proposed system was illustrated using a numerical example by considering different lathe machine operations in a computer-based laboratory environment; however, its applicability was not validated in industrial situations. Originality/value Different intelligent methods were proposed in the past; however, the combination of fuzzy CBR, parametric and feature-oriented methods was not addressed in product cost estimation problems.

scholarly journals An Effective Approach to Input Variable Selection for Preliminary Cost Estimation of Construction Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Getnet Meharie ◽  
Zachary C. Abiero Gariy ◽  
Raphael Ngumbau Ndisya Mutuku ◽  
Wubshet Jekale Mengesha
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Variable Selection ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Input Variables

Accurate cost estimates are vital to the effective realisation of construction projects. Extended knowledge, wide-ranging information, substantial expertise, and continuous improvement are required to attain accurate cost estimation. Cost estimation at the preliminary phase of the project is always a challenge as only limited information is available. Hence, rational selection of input variables for preliminary cost estimation could be imperative. A systematic input variable selection approach for preliminary estimating using an integrated methodology of factor analysis and fuzzy AHP is presented in this paper. First, the factor analysis is used to classify and reduce the input variables and their variable coefficients are determined. Second, fuzzy AHP based on the geometric mean method is employed to determine the weights of input variables in a fuzzy environment where the subjectivity and vagueness are handled with natural language expressions parameterized by triangular fuzzy numbers. Then, the input variables are suggested to be selected starting with those having high coefficient and high importance weight. A set of three variables, one from each group, can be added to the estimating model at a time so that the problem of collinearity can vanish and good accuracy of the estimate can be ensured. The proposed approach enables cost estimators to better understand the complete input variable selection process at the early stage of project development and provide a more accurate, rational, and systematic decision support tool.

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