scholarly journals Resilience Concept in Indonesian Small Town Development and Planning: a Case of Lasem, Central Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawoto Sih Setyono ◽  
Wiwandari Handayani ◽  
Iwan Rudiarto ◽  
Landung Esariti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Spatial Policy

Rapid urbanization in developing countries has brought some unprecedented consequences in economic, social, and most notably environmental aspects. Many cities have to be dealing with the challenges of vulnerability as the risk of disasters increases. In responding to the challenges, the concept of urban resilience has been applied as an important part of the current development policies in many countries. In Indonesia, the current spatial policy framework has underlined the importance of integrating vulnerability and environmental carrying capacity into spatial planning document. However, attention has been mostly given to metropolitan or large urban areas. This policy imbalance has put aside the problems faced by smaller urban areas or small cities, although the growing importance of small urban areas or cities is widely understood. In fact, the problems faced by small cities are not less important compared to that of large cities or metropolitan regions, especially those which are in coastal regions. This research aims at analysing how the development and planning of small cities in coastal areas considers the resilience concept. This research applied qualitative methods based on content analysis of planning documents and secondary data. This study selected Lasem, a small urban area in eastern coastal region of Central Java with some 50,000 population, as a case. This research found that the current spatial policy framework is lacking in integrating vulnerability and resilience dimension in the policy and development processes. The research recommended some key important factors to be integrated in the future urban development model.

scholarly journals Strengthening Urban Resilience: Five emerging lessons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Silva
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Almost All

Strengthening urban resilience is key to achieving Oxfam's vision of a world without poverty. Urbanization has become a major challenge for almost all countries around the globe. Cities and city inhabitants are facing additional and amplified challenges as a result of rapid urbanization, a changing climate and rising inequality in urban areas. The COVID-19 crisis has further highlighted the importance of strengthening inclusive urban resilience to acute shocks and chronic stresses. Oxfam's Resilience Knowledge Hub conducted the Urban Resilience Learning Exchange (URLE) project with pilot programmes in Jordan, Pakistan, Nepal, South Africa, Kenya and Bangladesh to develop a better understanding of what it takes to build resilience in urban settings. This paper summarizes the learning from the pilots and looks at how Oxfam can further strengthen its urban resilience programming.

scholarly journals Measuring Resilience of Urban Slum to Climate Induced Disasters: A Study on Barishal City Corporation, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Ananya Mukherjee ◽  
Md. Faisal ◽  
Milton Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Institutional Economic ◽  
Urban Disaster

Measuring urban resilience is one of the important processes toward understanding the potential current and future risks of cities, assessing the challenges of urbanization and to guide the development of urban areas. The research was conducted in a slum named Bangabandhu Colony under Barishal City Corporation (BCC). The purpose of the research was to measure the urban disaster resilience and to find out a better way of future urban disaster resilience in this area. Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) was used to measure climate-related disaster resilience by considering five dimensions: physical, social, institutional, economic and natural which shows resilience level ranging from 1-5 where 1 representing very poor and 5 best. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting the primary data and the secondary data was collected from secondary sources. Results revealed that the resilience level of physical, social, institutional, economic, and natural dimensions was 2.76, 2.79, 2.29, 2.53, 2.59 respectively, which indicates a medium resilience level of all dimensions. Finally, the research depicted that, the resilience level of the area will increase through hand to hand working of people with government and non-government officials, conducting public awareness programs, campaigns, seminars and discussions. The findings of the research can be used by researchers and development workers for enhancing disaster resilience of other areas under Barishal City Corporation as well as other city areas of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN KOTA-KOTA KECIL DI JAWA TENGAH: STUDI KASUS PADA EMPAT KOTA KECIL DI WILAYAH JOGLOSEMAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Jawoto Sih Setyono ◽  
Hadi Sabari Yunus ◽  
Sri Rum Giyarsih
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Administrative Boundary

Small cities and towns in Indonesia have experienced a significant development during the period of 2000-2010. However, the development of small cities and towns has not been in line with the way the urban areas are governed and managed. There is a tendency that the governments pay a little attention to the governance of smaller urban areas, especially those which do not municipal status or the urban areas which is part of regency administrative boundary. This research analyzes the governance and planning of small towns in Central Java taken four small towns in Joglosemar region (Yogyakarta-Surakarta-Semarang). The research applied some qualitative methods combining document analysis, interview and regulation analysis. It is found that there is a significant gap between the urban development and its planning and governance. Urban development policies seem to be lacking in providing guidelines to drive the development of the small towns so that they can perform their functions within their respective regional urban system as well as solve their internal problems. The governance has mostly relied on the role of local government despite continuing lack of institutional capacity in managing urban development.

scholarly journals STREET TRADE AND THE ATTAINMENT OF URBAN RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ademola Omoegon
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Development Policies

Rapid urbanization rates and the proliferation of informal activities in vulnerable locations present significant challenges to urban resilience and adaptation, particularly in cities seeking to reduce poverty and improve economic growth. Inclusive urban governance has been identified as being vital to building resilience. Informal employment is the life blood of African cities, as evidenced by the multitude of street traders which abound in urban areas. However, in recent times many city authorities in Africa have adopted neo-liberal development policies which have led to the sanitization of public space and displacement of street traders, as well as a consequent worsening of the already precarious working conditions of traders and a significant damage of their limited associational structure, thus reducing their capacity to participate in urban governance. Through a case study of Lagos, Nigeria which possesses the largest informal economy in Africa, this paper examines the challenges which associations of the working poor face and the effect of this on urban resilience efforts. By exploring the experiences of street traders, the paper aims to investigate their current forms of organisation, their role in urban governance and how these factors can enhance or hinder urban resilience and adaptation. Keywords: Street trade, urban resilience, informal economy, urban governance, Lagos

scholarly journals Vegetation Dynamics and Their Response to the Urbanization of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8550
Author(s):  
Yuyang Chang ◽  
Geli Zhang ◽  
Tianzhu Zhang ◽  
Zhen Xie ◽  
Jingxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Using Data

Rapid global urbanization has caused substantial changes in land cover and vegetation growth. Rapid urban growth in a short time has escalated the conflicts between economic development and ecological conservation, particularly in some metropolitan regions. However, the effects of rapid urbanization on vegetation have not been fully captured, especially accounting for the latest ecological development initiatives. In this study, we chose a typical urban agglomeration, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration in China, and analyzed the vegetation variation and the impacts of urbanization on the vegetation growth based on transferable methods, using data such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the nighttime light (NTL). The results indicate significantly enhanced vegetation growth in the BTH region, with a strikingly spatial pattern of greening in the northwest, and browning in the southeast from 2001 to 2018. Besides this, the results enclose most of the areas (72%) of built-up land in the BTH, which tended to brown in the process of rapid urban development, while 27% greened with increasing urbanization. This means that the vegetation’s response to urbanization shows apparent differences and geographic heterogeneity along the urbanization gradient at the urban agglomeration scale. Parts of the periphery of the metropolis and the central areas of developing cities may experience a browning trend; however, the core urban areas of urbanized metropolises demonstrate greening, rather than browning. Furthermore, this study provides solid evidence on the remarkable greening impacts of several ecological restoration projects which are currently underway, especially in ecologically fragile areas (e.g., the suburbs). The implications derived from the urban ecological development and the transferable methodology deployed in this paper facilitate the unfolding relationships between urbanization and social-ecological development. Our findings provide new insights into the interactions between vegetation dynamics and urbanization at the regional level.

scholarly journals URBANIZATION IN BANGLADESH: EMERGING CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Afroza Islam Lipi ◽  
Nazmul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
The Way

Urbanization is a natural process of the population shift from rural to urban territories. More specifically, urbanization is a process of migration of population from rural to urban areas as well as the transformation of society where the rural agricultural economy is being transformed to advance the industrial economy.  A major change to be witnessed in Bangladesh over the last few decades is the rapid spread of urbanization. Multiple driving factors paved the way for spreading the rapid growth of urbanization in Bangladesh. If this spread is not effectively managed, emerging challenges like spatial imbalance, environmental challenges, weak policy framework, challenges of sustainable cities, urban poverty, urban health issues, etc are likely to grow. This study aims at exploring the emerging challenges of urbanization in Bangladesh. It also explores the way forward to face the emerging challenges. This study has been conducted depending on qualitative and descriptive analysis. It is mainly based on secondary data. Available books, journals, documents, newspapers, data, reports, and magazine articles are reviewed in detail as a secondary source. In the findings of the study, the rapid growth trend has been critically examined. Besides emerging challenges of urbanization in Bangladesh have been identified. Finally, some recommendations have been put forward to overcome the emerging challenges of urbanization in Bangladesh.  JEL Classification Codes: D8, O15, O18.

scholarly journals Trends in Poverty and Income Inequality in Urban Malaysia: Emerging Issues and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emerging Issues

Malaysia has experienced rapid urbanization and infra structure development during the past few decades. Objective of this study to assess the nature of poverty and income inequality in the urban areas in Malaysia. The study also aims to focus on the emerging issues and challenges of rapid urbanization and urban poverty in the country. Secondary data were obtained from the Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Malaysia and the Department of Statistics, Malaysia. The analyses show that though the rate of urban poverty followed a declining trend during the last few decades, incidence of poverty and hard-core poverty still exists in the urban areas of the country. It was also found that earnings of the urban dwellers increased gradually during the past few decades. But income inequality in urban localities remained wider (Gini coefficient is, on average, 0.453). Moreover, income disparity among the major ethnic groups (Malays, Chinese and Indians) in the country is greater and sizeable. The continuation of urbanization, urban poverty and income inequality bring forward new issues and challenges. Therefore, to handle these issues and challenges, it is urgently required to identify the effectiveness of specific programs as well as design and best practice of urban poverty reduction programs and policies.

scholarly journals Evaluating Institutional Dichotomy between Urban and Rural Land Administration in Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9431
Author(s):  
Worku Nega ◽  
Mulugeta Tenaw ◽  
Yeneneh Hunie ◽  
Sayeh Kassaw Agegnehu ◽  
Reinfried Mansberger
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Institutional setup in the land administration system plays a crucial role in the successful functioning of modern land administration. The institutional setup, whether separated for urban and rural land administration or unified, is responsible for implementing the legal and policy framework. In most regions of Ethiopia, including the Amhara National Regional State, the institutional setup is separated, which results in increasing difficulties to administer land efficiently. The purpose of this study was to assess the challenges and opportunities of the institutional dichotomy between urban and rural land administration in the Amhara region. Primary and secondary data were used in the study. Questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs) and interviews with key informants were applied to collect the data. As the findings of the study revealed, about 55% of the respondents agreed that the integration between urban and rural land administration institutions is weak. In addition, 38% of the respondents also confirmed that the integration between the two independent institutions is very weak. The institutional separation between urban and rural land has opened the door for land invasion and informal settlement in peri-urban areas. The study also identifies overlapping job titles, wastage of human and material resources, and promulgation of contradicting urban and rural land laws as the challenges in the region due to the dichotomy of land administration between urban and rural. Although administering urban and rural land in separate institutions helps for minimizing the workload, the findings tend to administer land in a unified institution and within an independent ministry.

scholarly journals Examining Small-Town Growth and Expansion in Peri-urban Areas of Small Cities: Evidence from Peripheries of Three Small Cities in Central Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-232
Author(s):  
Fadjar Hari Mardiansjah ◽  
Agung Sugiri ◽  
Samsul Ma'rif
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Expansion Process ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Urbanization in small and medium-sized cities in Java is marked by an urban expansion process to the surrounding areas, forming the growing small towns in their peripheries. Using the case of the extended urban areas of Tegal, Pekalongan and Magelang in Central Java, this study examined small-town growth and development in peri-urban areas of small and medium cities. It first looked at the growth of small towns in the peri-urban areas of these small cities and then identified various factors and mechanisms that contribute to the formation, growth and expansion of small towns. The study further looked into the challenges and implications of the trend toward policies for managing such processes more sustainably. The growth of urbanized villages in some kabupatens (non-urban districts or regencies) surrounding these small cities, as documented by the national statistical board  from 1990 to 2017, was used as the basis for analyzing these factors. This paper concludes with a discussion on the challenges and policy implications for growing small towns. The findings of this study can be useful for formulating a better approach to managing urbanization processes in the future.   Abstrak. Urbanisasi kota-kota kecil dan menengah di Jawa ditandai dengan proses perluasan kota ke wilayah sekitarnya, membentuk kota-kota kecil yang berkembang di pinggirannya. Dengan menggunakan kasus perluasan wilayah Tegal, Pekalongan dan Magelang di Jawa Tengah, penelitian ini mengkaji pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kota kecil di wilayah pinggiran kota kecil dan menengah. Ini pertama-tama melihat pertumbuhan kota-kota kecil di daerah pinggiran kota-kota kecil ini dan kemudian mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor dan mekanisme yang berkontribusi pada pembentukan, pertumbuhan, dan perluasan kota-kota kecil. Studi ini lebih jauh melihat tantangan dan implikasi dari tren terhadap kebijakan untuk mengelola proses tersebut secara lebih berkelanjutan. Pertumbuhan desa urban di beberapa kabupaten (kabupaten atau kabupaten non-urban) di sekitar kota-kota kecil tersebut, sebagaimana didokumentasikan oleh BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) dari tahun 1990 hingga 2017, digunakan sebagai dasar untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor tersebut. Makalah ini diakhiri dengan diskusi tentang tantangan dan implikasi kebijakan untuk pertumbuhan kota-kota kecil. Temuan studi ini dapat berguna untuk merumuskan pendekatan yang lebih baik untuk mengelola proses urbanisasi di masa depan.   Kata kunci. Jawa Tengah, kota kecil, urbanisasi, ekspansi kota.

scholarly journals Rural Morphology and Forces Driving Change in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas: A Case Study in Fujian, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4590
Author(s):  
Lishan Xiao ◽  
Peiqi Shi ◽  
Tong Lin ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Sha Huang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Adaptive Policy ◽  
Urbanization In China

Rapid urbanization in China has transformed many rural areas from agriculture-dominated to diverse systems, but studies of rural morphology are limited compared to studies of urban settlement. This paper uses a fractal dimension (FD) value to analyze the change in rural morphology in Fujian Province, a region with a long history of rural settlement and rapid recent urbanization, and to explore the factors that influenced this change. We found that the rural FD value increased from 2000 to 2012 and that rural morphology was spatially heterogeneous. FD was generally lower than in urban areas but very close to a typical urban area value in the southeast coastal region. A structural equation model was used to identify key factors influencing rural morphology, which were natural conditions, rurality and economic development, while historic administration had the smallest positive effect. With a long history and unique administrative system, the spatial morphology of Chinese rural areas has shown characteristics distinct from compact urban or scattered rural areas. The urban planning method adopted by rural planners is not suitable in rural regions, because the planning potential of rural areas with high and low FD values varies. Although rural planning currently uses a very similar approach to urban planning, it should use a local, flexible and adaptive policy based on rural morphological characteristics.

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