scholarly journals Disaster mitigation of climate change effects on small islands (case of Harapan and Kelapa Islands)

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 12004
Author(s):  
Ade Panca Zulriskan ◽  
Raldi Hendrotoro Koestoer ◽  
Adil Faisal Alwini
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Key Indicators

The vulnerability is the sequence of condition that determines whether a hazard will cause disaster or not. The small islands are easily affected by the climate change effects. The small islands are particularly vulnerable to the projected of climate change effects. Harapan and Kelapa Islands is a small island in the Thousand Islands Region, DKI Jakarta Province. This study aims to analyze of climate change effects on social, economic, and environmental on small islands. This study using key indicators consist of social, economic, environment, and climate change. The methods applied in this research is GIS and system dynamics or called by spatial dynamics. The result showed that the area of study categorized as the vulnerable area to the climate change effects, this is due to the increasing sea level rise and rainfall, the growing population number and density, and the expanding built area. Therefore, the need for disaster mitigation and adaptation efforts on the climate change effects.

scholarly journals Assessing community resilience to natural disaster and climate change in Maitara Island, North Maluku-Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ridwan Lessy ◽  
Jefry Bemba ◽  
Nani Nagu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
Resilience Index

Small Islands face some of the main problems of any coastal area due to climate change and natural disasters. This study aims to analyze the resilience of coastal communities on a small island in terms of disasters and climate change, and to identify the strategies and adaptations that communities have undertaken as anticipatory for disaster and climate change in the future. Qualitative analysis combined with quantitative methods is used in this research to provide a clear estimate of the categories of resilience in each village. The primary data was collected by using interviews and focus discussion group and secondary data acquired through the documentation on related stakeholders. The resilience index provided by the Ministry of Maritime and Fisheries Affairs is used to categorize the resilience scales of villages. The results of this study show that the human aspects and natural resources aspects have high scores in resilience, but disaster and climate change aspects; environmental/infrastructures aspects; and economic aspects should be improved. Furthermore, the community had been taking participation in disaster mitigation.

scholarly journals Effect of climate change on gender roles among communities surrounding Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Judith Irene Nagasha ◽  
Lawrence Mugisha ◽  
Elizabeth Kaase-Bwanga ◽  
Howard Onyuth ◽  
Michael Ocaido
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Review Model ◽  
Women's Gender Roles

Background: Climate change has been increasingly recognized as a global crisis with effects on gender roles. Recently, communities surrounding Lake Mburo national park, Uganda have been experiencing frequent severe droughts. It was against this background that  the study was designed to understand the effect of climate change on gender roles. Methods: This cross sectional study reviewed the effect of climate change on men and women’s gender roles using a pragmatic research paradigm based on a thematic review model using participatory methods and a structured questionnaire. Results: The study found that men and women’s gender roles were altered during extreme dryness. Men played their roles sequentially focusing on one single productive role, while women played their roles simultaneously, balancing the demands of each role with their limited available time. Effect of climate change affected productive roles more in Kiruhura district than Isingiro district. There was migration of both men and women in search of water and pasture for livestock in Kiruhura district which distorted gender roles of women. Consequently, women and girl children had a heavier load and were the most people affected by climate change effects in these districts. Conclusion: Gender roles of communities surrounding Lake Mburo National Park were affected and altered by the effects of climate change. Therefore, institutions offering climate services to local communities should consider gender in decision making, access to resources, information and knowledge during participation in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

TSUNAMI MITIGATION MEASURES FOR TSUNAMI PRONE SMALL ISLANDS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE 2010 TSUNAMI AROUND THE MENTAWAI ISLANDS OF INDONESIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350002 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYAMSIDIK ◽  
DINAR CATUR ISTIYANTO
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Mentawai Islands

The challenge of protecting communities in tsunami-prone populated small islands is difficult to meet. Likewise, the islands are often found with a lack of disaster mitigation infrastructure. A tsunami that occurred around the Mentawai Islands of Indonesia on October 25, 2010, causing around 500 dead, is the inspiration for this paper. This study was aimed at elaborating practices in protecting communities of small islands from tsunamis by incorporating information about the estimated time of arrival of a tsunami into the islands mitigation measures. A field survey to obtain the impacts of the tsunami on the number of casualties and damages was conducted in February 2011 around the Mentawai Islands. In the survey, a set of questionnaires were distributed in the Mentawai Islands to investigate the small island residents' responses just after the shock from the tsunami waves. This study was also followed by numerical simulations to obtain tsunami wave Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) for the Mentawai islands. Numerical simulations were conducted using Delft3D software coupled with Tsunami toolkit. This research found that the ETAs for the Mentawai Islands range between 9–20 min. With the existing tsunami early warning system in Indonesia, the ETAs are quite short. Comparing the Simulated ETAs to the findings from the Mentawai Islands tsunami survey led to the recommendation that the best way to increase the community's preparedness for a tsunami would be by managing village-based spatial planning. Such spatial planning may include relocating the residents far away from the coastal area. This would enable the community to have more time to evacuate should a tsunami threat occur.

scholarly journals Considering socio-political framings when analyzing coastal climate change effects can prevent maldevelopment on small islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gabriel David ◽  
Arne Hennig ◽  
Beate M. W. Ratter ◽  
Volker Roeber ◽  
Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Societal Dynamics ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractAdapting to climate change and sea level rise is challenging on small islands. False adaptation can lead to adverse impacts on natural and societal dynamics. Therefore, an interdisciplinary perspective on the interaction of natural dynamics, societal demands, and political decisions is crucial. In this sense, this study scrutinizes coastal processes and socio-political dimensions of erosion on the reef island Fuvahmulah, the Maldives. The national government and Fuvahmulah’s population have an opposed perception and attribution of the drivers and processes behind Fuvahmulah’s most pressing coastal issue – coastal erosion. To review these perceptions, natural dynamics are recreated with process-based methods and discussed regarding present and projected marine pressures. Population surveys and interviews with actors in coastal development complement the physical insights into erosion on Fuvahmulah and describe the socio-political dimension of climate change adaptation on small islands. This interdisciplinary approach demonstrates how small-islands’ adaptive capacities are typically impaired and disclose the potential of local knowledge to overcome maldevelopment.

scholarly journals Perceptions of climate change and water availability in the Mediterranean tourist sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Torres-Bagur ◽  
Anna Ribas Palom ◽  
Josep Vila-Subirós
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
North East ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Tourist Accommodation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is understand these perceptions and identify main problems associated to climate change in order to design effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to guarantee the sustainability of tourism and natural resources. The Mediterranean basin is a leading international tourist destination and one that is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Although these effects are largely known, in-depth studies of how they and the associated risks are perceived by key tourism stakeholders have not been performed. Design/methodology/approach Interviews were held with 31 hotels, campsites and rural lodgings in the Muga River basin in north-east Catalonia, in which both owners and managers were asked about their perceptions of climate change, effects and countermeasures. Findings Perceptions of climate change and its effects varied according to the type of establishment and location (coast, cities or inland). Significant differences were observed for perceptions of how responsibilities for implementing mitigation and adaptation measures to counter the effects of climate change, including water shortages, should be shared out between the main agents with an interest in guaranteeing the sustainability of tourism, namely, government bodies, tourist establishments and clients. The predominant opinion, however, was that the bulk of the responsibility should lie with government bodies. Practical implications Only when those responsible for running tourist establishments are aware of the risks of climate change, it will be possible to design and implement effective short-, medium- and long-term strategies aimed at strengthening the resilience of the tourist industry. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in its novel methodology and approach, which involved analyzing perceptions of climate change, including water shortages and its effects among owners and managers of different types of tourist accommodation establishments in distinct parts of the same area.

scholarly journals Quantification of the Outdoor Thermal Comfort within Different Oases Urban Fabrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3051
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elhadi Matallah ◽  
Djamel Alkama ◽  
Jacques Teller ◽  
Atef Ahriz ◽  
Shady Attia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Desert Regions

Oases settlements are common entities of human agglomerations throughout desert regions. Oases settlements face several environmental challenges such as climate change, which can render them insufferably hot and unlivable within decades. Therefore, this study aims to assess the outdoor thermal comfort variation within three different oases urban fabrics of Tolga Oases Complex in Algeria. The overarching aim is to quantify thermal comfort and guide landscape, and urban designers improve outdoor thermal comfort. The methodology relies on microclimatic measurements and weather datasets (TMY2, TMY3, TMYx), combining observations and numerical simulations. A total of 648 Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) values were calculated in three different urban fabrics in Tolga Oases Complex, Algeria. Between 2003 and 2017, a remarkable microclimatic change was found, causing a high and accelerated heat stress level of 76%. The study results inform architects, urban planners and climatologists about climate change effects and urban sprawl impact on the oases lands. Moreover, urban strategies should seek mitigation and adaptation benefiting from the existing green infrastructure of palm groves.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Tourism Small Islands a Case Study of Wenzhou Island during the Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic Period

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
Yichia Lin, Wenlung Chang, Wongchai Anupong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic period, island tourism experienced a severe impact. Island tourism is a thriving tourism model, but it is greatly affected by the SLR (sea level rise) due to climate change. Small island tourism must to face flooding problems that cause sea-level rise. GIS can be used to plan and monitor land use. This case study uses GIS (Geography information system) pre-COVID-19 pandemic period to predict flooding at different scales. After three different scales of digitization processing, it is found that: Overall, the flood area is located in the northern part of the island. The relationship is consistent, that is, the flood season is directly proportional to the peak tourist season. Sea level rise will cause changes in tourist attractions on the island; residents' daily lives will face major changes. This study provides a small amount of inundation scale predictions at different scales; hopes to be helpful for the island’s tourism resource planning and residents’ adaptation. To avoid add climate change refugees and rational use of tourism resources on lack nature resource small islands.

scholarly journals Green economic based on low-carbon development on small islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
A Kastanya ◽  
C C V Suhendy ◽  
D V Pattimahu ◽  
Iskar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
The Government

Abstract Global warming and climate change are having an impact on human and the planet. This occurs worldwide due to an exploitative economy, which does not consider the degradation of natural resources and the environment. Damage to terrestrial ecosystems in small island areas has a direct impact on the destruction of marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, seagrasses, and another biodiversity. The most current devastating impact is the emergence of the “Covid-19 Pandemic”, which shows that so far humans have adopted an individualistic way of life that ignores their environment. This analysis is carried out through a literature review of the research results and scientific discussions that have developed so far. The results of the study show that if the economy continues to run as it is now, the Earth will continue to be in crises such as floods, extreme weather, rising sea levels, food shortage, and outbreaks of more viruses. Changes in paradigm and human behaviour are needed, not only from the government as the main actor of development but also support from the entire community. Science and innovation that are currently developing a change in development towards the ecological-economy, environmental economics, which is currently known as the “Green Economy Model” is already covered by controlling global warming and climate change. The transformation from an Exploitative Economy to a Green Economy has developed in the concept of Low Carbon Development and Build Back Better as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which needs to be formed in an integrated manner as a concept for Sustainable Small Islands Development and bring welfare for the community.

scholarly journals Consolidation of Stakeholders' Initiatives to Mitigate Adverse Impacts of Climate Change in Nepalese Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rabindra Man Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Although Nepal contributes very low emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) compared to the developed nations, it is the fourth most vulnerable country in the world due to the effects of climate change. These effects have already lead to more natural disasters, loss of biodiversity, increase in mountain snow melt, uncertainty in precipitation, shortage of food, water and energy etc. resulting in devastating impacts on the life of people living in both mountain and plain areas. Climate change therefore is the vital issue in the country. Understanding the potential impacts of climate change, Government of Nepal since last two decades has taken significant initiatives in response to the effects of climate change including the participations in international conventions, the approval of Climate Change National Policy 2067 (2010), and establishment of a high level Climate Change Council (CCC) under the chairmanship of the Rt. Hon'ble Prime Minister of Nepal. In addition, The Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (MoEST), being the National Designated Authority (DNA) in Nepal for United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), has executed several programmes and projects related to mitigation and adaptation of climate change effects including Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects and National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA). International Nongovernmental Organizations such as UNFCCC, DANIDA, DFID, UNEP, UNDP, UN-HABITAT, World Bank, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Asian Development Bank (ADB) etc. as well have carried out numerous climate change projects and activities in Nepal in conjunction with various government agencies.Studies have revealed that the major sources of GHGs are from the burning of fossil fuel (75%), land use changes (20%), and other sources (5%). It has also been postulated that the effects of climate change can be significantly reduced through the implementation of land use policy and activities. Ministry of Land Reform and Management (MoLRM), Government of Nepal (GoN) is the central agency in Nepal dealing with the formulation and implementation of land related policies and activities in the country. MoLRM has commenced to formulate the National Land Policy and has planned to complete it at the end of fiscal year 069/70. This policy will definitely assist in mitigating the effects of climate change in the country. Another essential policy for the mitigation of the impacts of climate change in the country is National Land Use Policy which was prepared by MoLRM and has been approved by GoN in 2012, but it is yet to be implemented. One of the important policies that it has focussed on for the mitigation of climate change effects is to increase the present forest coverage to 40% of the total area of the country while protecting the government land by forestation and plantation programmes on degraded lands. Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics -12, 2070 (2013AD): 1-9

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