scholarly journals Analysis of energy signatures and planning of heating and domestic hot water energy use in buildings in Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Tymofii Tereshchenko, ◽  
Dmytro Ivanko ◽  
Natasa Nord ◽  
Igor Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Dependent Part ◽  
Energy Signature

Widespread introduction of low energy buildings (LEBs), passive houses, and zero emission buildings (ZEBs) are national target in Norway. In order to achieve better energy performance in these types of buildings and successfully integrate them in energy system, reliable planning and prediction techniques for heat energy use are required. However, the issue of energy planning in LEBs currently remains challenging for district heating companies. This article proposed an improved methodology for planning and analysis of domestic hot water and heating energy use in LEBs based on energy signature method. The methodology was tested on a passive school in Oslo, Norway. In order to divide energy signature curve on temperature dependent and independent parts, it was proposed to use piecewise regression. Each of these parts were analyzed separately. The problem of dealing with outliers and selection of the factors that had impact of energy was considered. For temperature dependent part, the different methods of modelling were compared by statistical criteria. The investigation showed that linear multiple regression model resulted in better accuracy in the prediction than SVM, PLS, and LASSO models. In order to explain temperature independent part of energy signature the hourly profiles of energy use were developed.

scholarly journals Advanced Control of a District Heating System with High Residential Domestic Hot Water Demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 01004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Chicherin ◽  
Lyazzat Junussova ◽  
Timur Junussov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Extreme Load ◽  
Flow Controller

Proper adjustment of domestic hot water (DHW) load structure can balance energy demand with the supply. Inefficiency in primary energy use prompted Omsk DH company to be a strong proponent of a flow controller at each substation. Here the return temperature is fixed to the lowest possible value and the supply temperature is solved. Thirty-five design scenarios are defined for each load deviation index with equally distributed outdoor temperature ranging from +8 for the start of a heating season towards extreme load at temperature of -26°C. All the calculation results are listed. If a flow controller is installed, the customers might find it suitable to switch to this type of DHW supply. Considering an option with direct hot water extraction as usual and a flow controller installed, the result indicates that the annual heat consumption will be lower once network temperatures during the fall or spring months are higher. The heat load profiles obtained here may be used as input for a simulation of a DH substation, including a heat pump and a tank for thermal energy storage. This design approach offers a quantitative way of sizing temperature levels in each DH system according to the listed methodology and the designer's preference.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the energy performance and cost-benefit of innovative technologies in butcher’s shops

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Jeroen Lippens ◽  
Saar Lokere ◽  
Wout Barbary ◽  
Hilde Breesch
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Innovative Technologies

The CO2 emissions and energy use of SMEs in the tertiary sector (e.g. small food and non-food shops, restaurants, offices, pubs, etc.) are high and there are few initiatives to reduce because this target group is difficult to reach due to small scale and diversity. The Flemish-Dutch TERTS project wants (1) to make the sector aware of the potential of and (2) to demonstrate energy transition and energy efficiency of innovative technologies. This paper is focussing on butcher’s shops. A reference model is made based on data of 90 existing shops in Flanders (Belgium). The energy use of the building and systems is calculated according to DIN V 15 899. The cost-benefit of various measures is calculated and compared. Results show that the main energy consumers of a butcher shop are cooling, lighting and domestic hot water, whereas heating only has a rather small contribution. There are several cooling needs: product-cooling (in walk-in freezers, walk-in coolers and the cooling counter) and cooling of the workshop. The combination of the following measures is concluded to be the most favourable and leads to a reduction in final energy consumption of 60 %: a reflective coating on the flat roof and extra roof insulation, relighting with LED, air-to-water heat pump for the generation of domestic hot water and PV panels as local energy generation.

scholarly journals Baselines for Energy Use and Carbon Emission Intensities in Hellenic Nonresidential Buildings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliopi G. Droutsa ◽  
Constantinos A. Balaras ◽  
Spyridon Lykoudis ◽  
Simon Kontoyiannidis ◽  
Elena G. Dascalaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Energy Use Intensity ◽  
Cram Schools

This work exploits data from 30,000 energy performance certificates of whole nonresidential (NR) buildings in Greece. The available information is analyzed for 30 different NR building uses (e.g., hotels, schools, sports facilities, hospitals, retails, offices) and four main services (space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water and lighting). Data are screened in order to exclude outliers and checked for consistency with the Hellenic NR building stock. The average energy use and CO2 emission intensities for all building uses are calculated, as well as the respective energy ratings in order to gain a better understanding of the NR sector. Finally, in an attempt to determine whether these values are representative for the various Hellenic NR building uses, their temporal evolution is investigated. The average primary energy use intensity is 448.0 kWh/m2 for all NR buildings, while the CO2 emissions reach 147.5 kgCO2/m2. The derived energy baselines reveal that indoor sports halls/swimming pools have the highest energy use, while private cram schools/conservatories have the lowest, due to their operational patterns. Generally, from the four services taken into account, lighting is the most energy consuming, followed by cooling, heating and finally domestic hot water. For a total of 11 building uses, more data from the certificates will be necessary for deriving representative baselines, but, when it comes to buildings categories, more data are required.

District Heating Cost Optimization

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron P. Eicoff
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Central System ◽  
District Energy

When buildings of various use-types are served by a district energy system, many societal benefits occur, including improved capacity utilization, reduced energy use, and more cost-effective redundancy. In addition, a central system may benefit financially from commodity leveraging, utility incentives and cogeneration. Energy conversion and transport efficiency for steam and hot water are explored and presented. System optimization curves, including generation and distribution, are presented along with long-term financial comparisons to decentralized systems.

scholarly journals Experimental validation of a model-based method for separating the space heating and domestic hot water components from smart-meter consumption data

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 12001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Elbæk Hedegaard ◽  
Martin Heine Kristensen ◽  
Steffen Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Model Based

Smart meters are currently being rolled out in European district heating (DH) systems at a large scale to enable time-varying district heating tariffs and improve consumer awareness about their own consumption. Smart-meter data can also be used in more advanced applications, e.g. for establishing model-based control schemes for demand response purposes and data-driven building energy performance labeling schemes. Many of these applications require separate measurements of the consumption for space heating (SH) and preparation of domestic hot water (DHW); however, smart meters often only provide the total DH energy consumption (SH+DHW) in truncated units (e.g. whole kWh on an hourly basis). Typical approaches for separating these two components of DH consumption require measurements with a high temporal and numerical resolution and are therefore not applicable to smart-meter data. New methods suitable for disaggregating the combined DH demand are therefore needed. This paper presents a validation of a model-based method for disaggregating DH consumption using ground truth data from 44 residential buildings.

scholarly journals Domestic hot water system in residential buildings: production, distribution and consumption energy loss. Monitoring campaign in two Danish detached houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012104
Author(s):  
Anna Marszal-Pomianowska ◽  
Rasmus Lund Jensen ◽  
Michal Pomianowski ◽  
Olena Kalyanova Larsen ◽  
Scharling Jacob Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Water System ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Building Typology

Abstract The share of the energy use for domestic hot water (DHW) in the total energy consumption of buildings is becoming more and more prominent. Depending on the building typology it varies between 20% to 50% of the total energy usage for old and new built single family house, respectively. The aim of this paper is to determine the energy losses in the DHW installation with division between: a) loss at the production point, b) loss in the distribution, and c) loss at the draw-off points using the results of the measurements of DHW consumption in two single family houses connected to district heating grid. The total Eloss for the two houses vary between 17% and 26%. For House 1, the production loss accounts for 8%, the pipe loss for 15% and loss at the draw off points for 3%. Moreover, the results shown that the layout of the house, in particular the placement of the bathrooms with showers or bath tubs has significant impact on the size of the distribution losses.

scholarly journals Overview of Solutions for the Low-Temperature Operation of Domestic Hot-Water Systems with a Circulation Loop

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3350
Author(s):  
Theofanis Benakopoulos ◽  
William Vergo ◽  
Michele Tunzi ◽  
Robbe Salenbien ◽  
Svend Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heating Power ◽  
Circulation Loop ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Domestic Hot Water

The operation of typical domestic hot water (DHW) systems with a storage tank and circulation loop, according to the regulations for hygiene and comfort, results in a significant heat demand at high operating temperatures that leads to high return temperatures to the district heating system. This article presents the potential for the low-temperature operation of new DHW solutions based on energy balance calculations and some tests in real buildings. The main results are three recommended solutions depending on combinations of the following three criteria: district heating supply temperature, relative circulation heat loss due to the use of hot water, and the existence of a low-temperature space heating system. The first solution, based on a heating power limitation in DHW tanks, with a safety functionality, may secure the required DHW temperature at all times, resulting in the limited heating power of the tank, extended reheating periods, and a DH return temperature of below 30 °C. The second solution, based on the redirection of the return flow from the DHW system to the low-temperature space heating system, can cool the return temperature to the level of the space heating system return temperature below 35 °C. The third solution, based on the use of a micro-booster heat pump system, can deliver circulation heat loss and result in a low return temperature below 35 °C. These solutions can help in the transition to low-temperature district heating.

scholarly journals Analysis of Annual Energy Use Intensities (EUIs) by End-Use in Apartment Units According to Stratification Variables (2017 – 2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
Hye-Sun Jin ◽  
Han-Young Lim ◽  
You-Jeong Kim ◽  
Soo-Jin Lee ◽  
Sung-Im Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
End Use

To achieve the goal of reducing greenhouses gases, many countries have recognized the importance of energy conservation in the building sector, and such countries are considerably strengthening their building energy conservation policies by reinforcing design standards, encouraging remodeling, and requiring zero-energy construction. In order to effectively strengthen these policies, it is necessary to provide information concerning energy consumption in the building sector to ensure the technical and economic feasibility of policies in the marketplace, and to allow building users and policy makers to easily access and understand energy consumption characteristics. It is important to provide information that allows people to effectively understand the state of energy consumption by end-use (space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water, etc.) as part of the creation of a concrete plan for energy reduction that incorporates various service systems and is familiar to people. This is because providing such information plays an important role in establishing concrete policies and encouraging voluntary energy performance improvements by building occupants. South Korea operates the Korea Energy Statistics Information System (KESIS) and the information provided by this type of information system consists mainly of energy consumption by energy source (electricity, gas, etc.), and such systems remain inadequate for providing effective information on energy consumption and energy use intensity (EUI) by end-use (space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water, etc.) as part of the creation of a concrete plan for energy conservation. In order to accurately provide energy consumption information by end-use rather than limit the information to mainly consumption corresponding to energy sources, in this study, measurement systems were installed in 2014 ~ 2016 based on the overall sampling designs of previous studies for apartment units, classifications, measurement and data gathering methods for energy consumption by end-use. The annual statistical values for EUI by end-use were collected from the measurement data for 71 sample apartment units from May 2017 to April 2018. This data was calculated and analyzed using stratification variable levels for completion year, supplied area, and the heat source type.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document