scholarly journals Transnational Power Grid Interconnection Potential Evaluation Model and Empirical Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 02033
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Yongfang Jian
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
Coverage Analysis ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Grid Interconnection ◽  
The Belt And Road

The paper sets up the two-tier screening evaluation model of potential of transnational grid interconnection that includes the mutual complementation potential model and environmental evaluation model. This two-tier screening evaluation model introduces quantitative index and applies it to the full coverage analysis and calculation of the countries along the “Belt and Road”. The combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis forms a complete evaluation system from interconnection potential calculation to electricity investment environment. The empirical analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of two-tier screening evaluation model where the analysis result may serve as the scientific reference of promoting grid interconnection of the countries along the “Belt and Road”.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Trade Facilitation’s Impacts on China’s Forest Product Exports to Countries Along the “Belt and Road” Based on the Perspective of Ternary Margins

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhu Zhang ◽  
Fangfang Li ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Baodong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Growth Structure ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

With the reduction of traditional tariff and non-tariff trade barriers, trade facilitation measures, such as improved port efficiency and the customs environment, have become increasingly important for improving the structure of export growth and exploring the trade potential of forest products. Our research divided China’s export growth of forest products into extensive margins (variety), quantity margins (quantity), and price margins (quality), and discussed how trade facilitation impacted China’s forest product export growth structure from the perspective of ternary margins. An evaluation system of trade facilitation was constructed, and principal component analysis was used to measure the levels of trade facilitation of 13 countries which had large trade flows of forest products with China along the “Belt and Road”. In addition, we used transnational panel data and the extended gravity model to analyze the impact of their trade facilitation on the ternary margins of China’s export growth. In order to overcome the endogeneity of the model, the 2 stage least squares (2SLS) method was used and the first-order lags of trade facilitation indicators were selected as instrument variables. The decomposition results of ternary margins showed that the “low price and high quantity” export growth pattern had remained in China’s forest products trade, and the 2SLS regression results indicated that the improvement of trade facilitation had a significantly positive impact on the quantity margins and price margins, but no significant impact on the extensive margins. It is suggested that China should make differentiated investments to countries along the “Belt and Road” based on their different levels of trade facilitation, in order to promote constant improvement of product quality and optimization of export growth structure in the forest products industry.

The International Legal Framework for Belt and Road Energy Cooperation: Progress and Prospect

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 259-284
Author(s):  
Wenhua Shan ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Energy Cooperation ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Current Energy ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Energy Network

Abstract This article surveys the existing international legal framework governing China’s energy cooperation with the Belt and Road countries at multilateral, regional and bilateral levels. A satisfying international legal framework should manage to balance the legal certainty and political acceptability needed for energy cooperation. We argue that political acceptability was the primary goal driving the current energy legal framework, providing basic rules for energy cooperation. However, these rules did not sufficiently legalize and institutionalize the investment environment. China should endeavor to promote a comprehensive Belt and Road Energy Framework on the basis of intra-network diversification. By increasing the redundancy of the energy network infrastructure and allowing countries to import and export energy via multiple routes, China can contribute to the achievement of a more secure energy market.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT AND ACTIONS FOR THE “BELT AND ROAD” COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yu ◽  
Zheng Ji ◽  
Jin Xueting ◽  
Wang Zhe ◽  
Li Zehong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

scholarly journals Exploring Business English Talent Training Model under the Background of the Belt and Road Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Guihang Guo ◽  
Haimei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Business English ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
English Training ◽  
The Belt And Road

After thirty years of rapid development, China has become the second largest economy in the world. In order to strengthen economic cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road and assume more responsibilities as a major power, China has put forward the Belt and Road Initiative, which puts great pressure on the demand for Business English talents in society. However, at present, there is a shortage of high-level Business English talents in China. The traditional Business English talent training model cannot meet the needs of the business industry, which results in the serious disconnection between the cultivation of business talents and the market demand. Under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative, how to cultivate Business English talents has become a strategic issue. This research firstly combs the research of Business English talent training objectives and training model from the perspective of ESP Needs Analysis Theory, and then discusses the drawbacks of the current Business English training model from such aspects as curriculum setting, teaching system, and evaluation system, and gives suggestions in order to explore an appropriate Business English training model that meets the needs of the Belt and Road Initiative.

scholarly journals Do You Ever Get Off Track in a Conversation? The Conversational System’s Anatomy and Evaluation Metrics

Knowledge ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-87
Author(s):  
Sargam Yadav ◽  
Abhishek Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Evaluation Metrics ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Dialog Systems ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Automated Evaluation

Conversational systems are now applicable to almost every business domain. Evaluation is an important step in the creation of dialog systems so that they may be readily tested and prototyped. There is no universally agreed upon metric for evaluating all dialog systems. Human evaluation, which is not computerized, is now the most effective and complete evaluation approach. Data gathering and analysis are evaluation activities that need human intervention. In this work, we address the many types of dialog systems and the assessment methods that may be used with them. The benefits and drawbacks of each sort of evaluation approach are also explored, which could better help us understand the expectations associated with developing an automated evaluation system. The objective of this study is to investigate conversational agents, their design approaches and evaluation metrics. This approach can help us to better understand the overall process of dialog system development, and future possibilities to enhance user experience. Because human assessment is costly and time consuming, we emphasize the need of having a generally recognized and automated evaluation model for conversational systems, which may significantly minimize the amount of time required for analysis.

scholarly journals Comprehensive evaluation of loess collapsibility of oil and gas pipeline based on cloud theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Manyin Zhang ◽  
Zhizhong Sun ◽  
Huyuan Zhang ◽  
Yimin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Golden Section ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Cloud Theory

AbstractThe comprehensive evaluation of pipeline loess collapsibility risk is a necessary means to control the safety risks of pipelines in the collapsible loess section. It is also one of the critical scientific bases for risk prevention, control, and management. The comprehensive evaluation system of cloud theory consists of quantitative and qualitative indexes, and the evaluation system has the characteristics of randomness and fuzziness. In view of this problem, the standard qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation methods have intense subjectivity in dealing with the uncertainty problems such as randomness and fuzziness of the system, the cloud theory, which can effectively reflect the randomness and fuzziness of things at the same time, is introduced. The state scale cloud and index importance weight cloud of pipeline loess collapse risk are constructed by the golden section method. The uncertainty cloud reasoning process of the quantitative indexes and the expert scoring method of the qualitative indexes are proposed. The comprehensive evaluation model of loess collapsibility risk of oil and gas pipeline is established, and the engineering example is analyzed. The complete evaluation results of 10 samples to be evaluated are consistent with the results of the semi-quantitative method and are compatible with the actual situation. The evaluation process softens the subjective division of index boundary, simplifies the preprocessing of index data, realizes the organic integration of quantitative and qualitative decisions, and improves the accuracy, rationality, and visualization of the results.

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