scholarly journals Implementation of OCPP Protocol for Electric Vehicle Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Thota Venkata Pruthvi ◽  
Niladri Dutta ◽  
Phaneendra Babu Bobba ◽  
B Sai Vasudeva
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Electrical Vehicle ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Charge Point

The ability of the software and hardware systems to interchange information is a key factor for the success of the electric vehicle industry. Standards have been developed and are in use to ensure base level interoperability of the front-end communication and signaling processes for smart charging between electric vehicles and charge stations. The Open Charge Alliance (OCA), a group of European industries, have developed an open source common back-end protocol, called Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP), for charging stations to reduce and secure overall investment costs. OCPP intends to enable grid services based on smart charging. In this paper the authors provide a review of the functionalities OCPP offers and how it can be used in the electrical vehicle-charging infrastructure.

A Comprehensive Review of Blockchain Technology Implementation in the EV Charging Infrastructure

2022 ◽  
pp. 38-67
Author(s):  
Toni Zhimomi ◽  
Mohammad Saad Alam ◽  
Hafiz Malik
Keyword(s):  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Communication Flow ◽  
Electric Vehicle Adoption ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Ev Charging

Charging infrastructure is a key factor in successful electric vehicle adoption. Charging stations are still a fragmented market in terms of ownership, lack of standards, and charging protocols. The increasing decentralised grid has made energy and communication flow bi-directional. Challenges arise in maintaining the increasing decentralised structure, security, and privacy of the network. Blockchain facilitates the interconnectedness of such a distributed and decentralised network. Blockchain's versatility lies in its transparent and immutable decentralized architecture that enables direct transactions between users without the need of a middleman. It provides powerful safeguards against cyberattacks with its advanced cryptography enabling privacy-preserving authentication. This chapter presents a comprehensive review on the application of blockchain technology in EV charging infrastructure such as facilitating the peer-to-peer energy exchange, increased security and privacy, immutable transactions, and mitigating trust issues among the participants in the charging infrastructure.

scholarly journals Simulation of Future Electric Vehicle Charging Behavior—Effects of Transition from PHEV to FEV

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igna Vermeulen ◽  
Jurjen Rienk Helmus ◽  
Mike Lees ◽  
Robert van den Hoed
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Infrastructure Performance ◽  
Charging Stations

The Netherlands is a frontrunner in the field of public charging infrastructure, having one of the highest number of public charging stations per electric vehicle (EV) in the world. During the early years of adoption (2012–2015), a large percentage of the EV fleet were plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) due to the subsidy scheme at that time. With an increasing number of full electric vehicles (FEVs) on the market and a current subsidy scheme for FEVs only, a transition of the EV fleet from PHEV to FEV is expected. This is hypothesized to have an effect on the charging behavior of the complete fleet, and is reason to understand better how PHEVs and FEVs differ in charging behavior and how this impacts charging infrastructure usage. In this paper, the effects of the transition of PHEV to FEV is simulated by extending an existing agent-based model. Results show important effects of this transition on charging infrastructure performance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fast Charging Efficiency under Extreme Temperatures

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germana Trentadue ◽  
Alexandre Lucas ◽  
Marcos Otura ◽  
Konstantinos Pliakostathis ◽  
Marco Zanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Electric Vehicle Adoption ◽  
Charging Stations

Multi-type fast charging stations are being deployed over Europe as electric vehicle adoption becomes more popular. The growth of an electrical charging infrastructure in different countries poses different challenges related to its installation. One of these challenges is related to weather conditions that are extremely heterogeneous due to different latitudes, in which fast charging stations are located and whose impact on the charging performance is often neglected or unknown. The present study focused on the evaluation of the electric vehicle (EV) charging process with fast charging devices (up to 50 kW) at ambient (25 °C) and at extreme temperatures (−25 °C, −15 °C, +40 °C). A sample of seven fast chargers and two electric vehicles (CCS (combined charging system) and CHAdeMO (CHArge de Move)) available on the commercial market was considered in the study. Three phase voltages and currents at the wall socket, where the charger was connected, as well as voltage and current at the plug connection between the charger and vehicle have been recorded. According to SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) J2894/1, the power conversion efficiency during the charging process has been calculated as the ratio between the instantaneous DC power delivered to the vehicle and the instantaneous AC power supplied from the grid in order to test the performance of the charger. The inverse of the efficiency of the charging process, i.e., a kind of energy return ratio (ERR), has been calculated as the ratio between the AC energy supplied by the grid to the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and the energy delivered to the vehicle’s battery. The evaluation has shown a varied scenario, confirming the efficiency values declared by the manufacturers at ambient temperature and reporting lower energy efficiencies at extreme temperatures, due to lower requested and, thus, delivered power levels. The lowest and highest power conversion efficiencies of 39% and 93% were observed at −25 °C and ambient temperature (+25 °C), respectively.

scholarly journals EV Smart Charging with Advance Reservation Extension to the OCPP Standard

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3263
Author(s):  
Simone Orcioni ◽  
Massimo Conti
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Advance Reservation ◽  
End User ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Central Station ◽  
Grid Management ◽  
Charge Point

An accurate management of the interactions among end user, electric vehicle, and charging station during recharge is fundamental for the diffusion of electric mobility. The paper proposes an extension of the Open Charge Point Protocol standard with the aim of including the user in the charging optimization process. The user negotiates with the central station a recharge reservation giving his/her preference and flexibility. The charging station management system provides different solutions based on user’s flexibility. This negotiation allows the optimization of the power grid management considering the user requests and constraints. The complete architecture has been designed, implemented on a web server and on a smartphone app, and tested. Results are reported in this work.

scholarly journals Studying the Formation of the Charging Session Number at Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5571
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gorbunova ◽  
Ilya Anisimov ◽  
Elena Magaril
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Preliminary Calculation ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Stations

The energy industry is a leader of introduction and development of energy supply technologies from renewable energy sources. However, there are some disadvantages of these energy systems, namely, the low density and inconsistent nature of the energy input, which leads to an increase in the cost of the produced electric energy in comparison to the traditional energy complexes using hydrocarbon fuel resources. Therefore, the smart grid technology based on preliminary calculation parameters of the energy system develops in cities. This area should also be used to organize the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles, as the electrification of road transport is one of the global trends. As a result, a current task of the transport and energy field is the development of scientifically based approaches to the formation of the urban charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the application flow formation for the charge of the electric vehicle battery. The results obtained provide a basis for building a simulation model for determining the required number of charging stations in the city, taking into account the criteria of minimizing operating costs for electric vehicle owners and energy companies.

scholarly journals Master-Slave Control Scheme in Electric Vehicle Smart Charging Infrastructure

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yen Chung ◽  
Joshua Chynoweth ◽  
Chi-Cheng Chu ◽  
Rajit Gadh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Management System ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Vehicle Monitoring ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Level 2

WINSmartEV is a software based plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) monitoring, control, and management system. It not only incorporates intelligence at every level so that charge scheduling can avoid grid bottlenecks, but it also multiplies the number of PEVs that can be plugged into a single circuit. This paper proposes, designs, and executes many upgrades to WINSmartEV. These upgrades include new hardware that makes the level 1 and level 2 chargers faster, more robust, and more scalable. It includes algorithms that provide a more optimal charge scheduling for the level 2 (EVSE) and an enhanced vehicle monitoring/identification module (VMM) system that can automatically identify PEVs and authorize charging.

scholarly journals A Brief Survey on Important Interconnection Standards for Photovoltaic Systems and Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Suvetha Poyyamani Poyyamani Sunddararaj ◽  
Shriram S. Rangarajan ◽  
Subashini Nallusamy ◽  
E. Randolph Collins ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Cost Distance ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

The consumer adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has become most popular. Numerous studies are being carried out on the usage of EVs, the challenges of EVs, and their benefits. Based on these studies, factors such as battery charging time, charging infrastructure, battery cost, distance per charge, and the capital cost are considered factors in the adoption of electric vehicles and their interconnection with the grid. The large-scale development of electric vehicles has laid the path to Photovoltaic (PV) power for charging and grid support, as the PV panels can be placed at the top of the smart charging stations connected to a grid. By proper scheduling of PV and grid systems, the V2G connections can be made simple. For reliable operation of the grid, the ramifications associated with the PV interconnection must be properly addressed without any violations. To overcome the above issues, certain standards can be imposed on these systems. This paper mainly focuses on the various standards for EV, PV systems and their interconnection with grid-connected systems.

Feasibility Study of Renewable Energy Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

2016 ◽  
pp. 313-349
Author(s):  
Azhar Ul-Haq ◽  
Marium Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

This chapter presents a detailed study of renewable energy integrated charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) and discusses its various aspects such as siting requirements, standards of charging stations, integration of renewable energy sources for powering up charging stations and interfacing devices between charging facilities and smart grid. A smart charging station for EVs is explained along with its essential components and different charging methodologies are explained. It has been recognized that the amalgamation of electric vehicles in the transportation sector will trigger power issues due to the mobility of vehicles beyond the stretch of home area network. In this regard an information and communication technology (ICT) based architecture may support EVs management with an aim to enhance the electric vehicle charging and energy storage capabilities with the relevant considerations. An ICT based solution is capable of monitoring the state of charge (SOC) of EV batteries, health and accessible amount of energy along with the mobility of EVs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document