scholarly journals Clay buildings in modern energy efficient construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Adham Giyasov ◽  
Unusjon Barotov ◽  
Firdavs Naimov
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Efficient Construction ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Clay Materials

The best practices of using low-tech traditional materials are summarized, and the role of clay in modern architectural design and construction is revealed. The cost of energy for the construction of buildings with the use of ecological clay technology is much lower than with the use of industrial building construction technologies. Thermophysical and bioclimatic studies have allowed determining the thermal properties of walls made of clay, clay materials and their role in the formation of a comfortable microclimate of the premises. When examining the carrying capacity of the structural system of buildings, vulnerable buildings were identified, on the basis of which research and development constructive methods for strengthening clay walls were developed and proposed for use in the practice of designing and building buildings. They ensure high reliability and comfort of living of people in the standard and special climatic conditions of the territories. The developed methods of strengthening the structural parts and the technology of construction made of clay with high reliability will expand the construction in normal and special climatic conditions of the territories.

scholarly journals Influence of climate on the presence of colour polymorphism in two montane reptile species

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 20140638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Broennimann ◽  
Sylvain Ursenbacher ◽  
Andreas Meyer ◽  
Philippe Golay ◽  
Jean-Claude Monney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Vipera Berus ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vipera Aspis

The coloration of ectotherms plays an important role in thermoregulation processes. Dark individuals should heat up faster and be able to reach a higher body temperature than light individuals and should therefore have benefits in cool areas. In central Europe, montane local populations of adder ( Vipera berus ) and asp viper ( Vipera aspis ) exhibit a varying proportion of melanistic individuals. We tested whether the presence of melanistic V. aspis and V. berus could be explained by climatic conditions. We measured the climatic niche position and breadth of monomorphic (including strictly patterned individuals) and polymorphic local populations, calculated their niche overlap and tested for niche equivalency and similarity. In accordance with expectations, niche overlap between polymorphic local populations of both species is high, and even higher than that of polymorphic versus monomorphic montane local populations of V. aspis , suggesting a predominant role of melanism in determining the niche of ectothermic vertebrates. However, unexpectedly, the niche of polymorphic local populations of both species is narrower than that of monomorphic ones, indicating that colour polymorphism does not always enable the exploitation of a greater variability of resources, at least at the intraspecific level. Overall, our results suggest that melanism might be present only when the thermoregulatory benefit is higher than the cost of predation.

Energy, Economy, and Transport Cost

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Alain Bresson
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Greek City ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
City States ◽  
The Cost

This chapter examines the role of energy in the economic growth of ancient Greece, with particular emphasis on the impact of the cost of transportation. It first considers the different sources of energy in the Greek city-states, including heat generated by the sun, wood, and charcoal, before discussing the question regarding the cost of energy and the economic conditions for using steam engines during the period. It then explains how wind energy contributed to economic development in the ancient Mediterranean world, and especially in the Greek city-states, by dramatically lowering transport costs and transportation cycles. It also explores how connectivity emerged between Mediterranean countries and concludes with an analysis of overland transportation via roads, the role of ships and ports in maritime transportation, navigational techniques and the construction of artificial ports, and projects aimed at digging canals and building portage routes.

Role of computers in the design of energy-responsive buildings

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Radu Zmeureanu ◽  
Paul Fazio
Keyword(s):  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Hollow Core Slab ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Closer collaboration of the traditional disciplines of architecture, structural engineering, and mechanical engineering is required at the design stage to better deal with the complexity of modern buildings, and to maintain the cost of energy low while providing a suitable indoor environment during the life of the building.The availability of personal computers and the development of interactive software provide more opportunities for an integrated approach to building design. This approach is useful in determining the impact of one subsystem on the performance of another subsystem and on the overall performance of the building. An example of such an integrated approach is presented in this paper, which determines the impact of a structural system (hollow core slab) and its mass on the energy consumption of the building. Key words: building design, computers, energy.

scholarly journals Role of land set-up systems on soil (physicochemical) conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-280
Author(s):  
Stefania Cocco ◽  
Valeria Cardelli ◽  
Giuseppe Corti ◽  
Dominique Serrani ◽  
Rogério Borguete Alves Rafael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Physicochemical Conditions ◽  
Field Organization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Flooding Events

Land reclamation and drainage networks represent one of the most ancient human modifications of the Italian soilscape, where tailored land set-up systems were developed in agro- and forestecosystems in three millennia of man’s activity. Most of once manually maintained land settings are currently scarcely working or even disappeared because of the cost needed for their maintenance and the advent of mechanization that have simplified the field organization. The scarce attention to the soil experienced in the last decades, has accelerated soil erosion and flooding events, which entailed high costs in terms of money and human lives, but also caused reduction of soil thickness, water holding capacity, and fertility. In view of a sustainable agriculture, it is mandatory to assess the role of land set-up systems, which for centuries have been key in protecting soil from erosion, but also in increasing soil fertility. Such an effort cannot be made without considering the different pedo-climatic conditions and land uses of the Italian territory, which is different with respect to the past because of the multiple transformations made to favour the mechanization of agriculture. In this review we discuss the main effect of Italian land settings on the soilscape and on soil physicochemical conditions. Since land settings were developed centuries ago, detailed information about their effect on specific soil parameters is scarce in the scientific literature; thus, in some case, we provide information gathered in places where land set-up systems are still present.

scholarly journals The Role of the Cost Method Based on Specifications in Supporting the Competitiveness of the Industrial Sector of Poultry Companies' A Field Study on Arab Poultry Company-Khartoum: دور أسلوب التكلفة على أساس المواصفات في دعم القدرة التنافسية بالقطاع الصناعي لشركات الدواجن "دراسة ميدانية على الشركة العربية للدواجن - الخرطوم"

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (20) ◽  
pp. 119-103
Author(s):  
Yasir Musa Balola, Mahgoub Abdalla Hamed Yasir Musa Balola, Mahgoub Abdalla Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Consumer Tastes

  The aim of the research is to identify the cost method based on specifications and to indicate its role in supporting competitiveness. The descriptive analytical approach was used to achieve the research objectives. Use the questionnaire to collect data from the Arab Poultry Company. Several results were reached, including the application of the cost method. On the basis of specifications in the Arab Poultry Company, a product with high reliability and durability, more flexible and in response to changes in consumer tastes, which led to the attractiveness of the product and then achieving the objectives of the economic untitled to raise the efficiency of their competitiveness. One of the recommendations is to conduct more scientific studies in the future in other sectors concerned with modern methods of management accounting in light of the highly competitive business environment.

Fuzzy multi-objective location and routing problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 3259-3273
Author(s):  
Nasser Shahsavari-Pour ◽  
Najmeh Bahram-Pour ◽  
Mojde Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Location Routing Problem ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Location Routing ◽  
The Cost

The location-routing problem is a research area that simultaneously solves location-allocation and vehicle routing issues. It is critical to delivering emergency goods to customers with high reliability. In this paper, reliability in location and routing problems was considered as the probability of failure in depots, vehicles, and routs. The problem has two objectives, minimizing the cost and maximizing the reliability, the latter expressed by minimizing the expected cost of failure. First, a mathematical model of the problem was presented and due to its NP-hard nature, it was solved by a meta-heuristic approach using a NSGA-II algorithm and a discrete multi-objective firefly algorithm. The efficiency of these algorithms was studied through a complete set of examples and it was found that the multi-objective discrete firefly algorithm has a better Diversification Metric (DM) index; the Mean Ideal Distance (MID) and Spacing Metric (SM) indexes are only suitable for small to medium problems, losing their effectiveness for big problems.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

Optical properties of a thin layer of the Vanadium dioxide at the metal state

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2303-2310
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Benchaib ◽  
Abdesselam Mdaa ◽  
Izeddine Zorkani ◽  
Anouar Jorio
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Vanadium Dioxide ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Metal State ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Reversible Phase

The vanadium dioxide VO₂ currently became very motivating for the nanotechnologies’ researchers. It makes party of the intelligent materials because these optical properties abruptly change semiconductor state with metal at a critical  temperature θ = 68°C. This transition from reversible phase is carried out from a monoclinical structure characterizing its semiconductor state at low temperature towards the metal state of this material which becomes tétragonal rutile for  θ ˃ 68°C ; it is done during a few nanoseconds. Several studies were made on this material in a massive state and a thin layer. We will simulate by Maple the constant optics of a thin layer of VO₂ thickness z = 82 nm for the metal state according to the energy ω of the incidental photons in the energy interval: 0.001242 ≤ ω(ev) ≤ 6, from the infra-red (I.R) to the ultra-violet (U.V) so as to be able to control the various technological nano applications, like the detectors I.R or the U.V,  the intelligent windows to  increase  the energy efficiency in the buildings in order to save the cost of energy consumption by electric air-conditioning and the paintings containing nano crystals of this material. The constant optics, which we will simulate, is: the index of refraction, the reflectivity, the transmittivity, the coefficient of extinction, the dielectric functions ԑ₁ real part and  ԑ₂  imaginary part of the permittivity complexes ԑ of this material and the coefficient absorption. 

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