scholarly journals Somatic-embryogenesis derived leaf-rust-tolerant clones of arabica coffee to deal with climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Rina Arimarsetiowati ◽  
Erwin Prastowo
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Direct Embryogenesis ◽  
Planting Materials

The high-altitude coffee growing, Arabica, is likely subject to the global warming effect as they are prone to leaf-rust attacks at a higher temperature. It supplied 70% of world coffee production for its popularity concerning its delicacy and aromatic flavor. Utilization of, genetically, superior planting materials, i.e. leaf-rust-tolerant Arabica, has become an essential point, as may provide the potential solution to prevent the lost production due to leaf-rust attack. Andungsari 2K (AS 2K), S795, AS1, and Sigararutang are some of the potential leaf-rust-tolerant Arabica clones in Indonesia. Vegetative propagation by somatic embryogenesis may support the availability of superior plant materials quickly. The major aim of this experiment was to study the effect of different clones on germination step after the preliminary stage of direct-embryogenesis from leaf explants with combinations of medium between auxin (2,4-D) and cytokinin (2-ip). Embryo germination stage where embryoid was transferred to the germination medium consisting of MS medium without hormones. The results revealed that the growth location and texture of callus, as well as growth patterns and colour of embryogenic callus, were significantly influenced through the different combinations of medium and clones. The clone of S795 exhibits the highest embryo germination percentage of up to 100% within 8 weeks experiment period.

scholarly journals DIRECT AND INDIRECT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS ON ARABICA COFFEE (Coffea arabica)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim ◽  
Rr. Sri Hartati ◽  
Rubiyo Rubiyo ◽  
Agus Purwito ◽  
Sudarsono Sudarsono
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration Medium ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Propagation of Coffea arabica L. through direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis technique is promising for producing large number of coffee seedlings. The objectives of the research were to evaluate methods for direct and indirect somatic embryo-genesis induction of C. arabica var. Kartika. The explants were the youngest fully expanded leaves of arabica coffee. The evalu-ated medium was modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a combination of 2.26 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron; 4.52 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron; or 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron. Both calli (100 mg) and pre-embryos developed from the edge of leaf explants were subcultured into regeneration medium (half strength MS with modified vitamin, supplemented with kinetine 9.30 µM and adenine sulfate 40 mg L-1). The results showed coffee leaf explant cultured on medium containing 2.26 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron to induce direct somatic embriogenesis from explant, while that of 4.52 or 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron to induced indirect somatic embrio-genesis. The medium for calli induction from coffee by explants was medium supplemented with 4.52 or 9.04 µM 2,4-D in combination with 9.08 µM thidiazuron. On the other hand, the best medium for activation of induction of somatic embryos was MS medium supplemented with 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron. Based on this results, the first step for developing micropropagation for coffee has been resolved. The subsequent studies will be directed to evaluate agronomic performance of the derived planting materials.

scholarly journals DIRECT AND INDIRECT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS ON ARABICA COFFEE (Coffea arabica)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim ◽  
Rr. Sri Hartati ◽  
Rubiyo Rubiyo ◽  
Agus Purwito ◽  
Sudarsono Sudarsono
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration Medium ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Propagation of Coffea arabica L. through direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis technique is promising for producing large number of coffee seedlings. The objectives of the research were to evaluate methods for direct and indirect somatic embryo-genesis induction of C. arabica var. Kartika. The explants were the youngest fully expanded leaves of arabica coffee. The evalu-ated medium was modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a combination of 2.26 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron; 4.52 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron; or 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron. Both calli (100 mg) and pre-embryos developed from the edge of leaf explants were subcultured into regeneration medium (half strength MS with modified vitamin, supplemented with kinetine 9.30 µM and adenine sulfate 40 mg L-1). The results showed coffee leaf explant cultured on medium containing 2.26 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron to induce direct somatic embriogenesis from explant, while that of 4.52 or 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron to induced indirect somatic embrio-genesis. The medium for calli induction from coffee by explants was medium supplemented with 4.52 or 9.04 µM 2,4-D in combination with 9.08 µM thidiazuron. On the other hand, the best medium for activation of induction of somatic embryos was MS medium supplemented with 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron. Based on this results, the first step for developing micropropagation for coffee has been resolved. The subsequent studies will be directed to evaluate agronomic performance of the derived planting materials.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis in Centaurium erythraea Rafn—Current Status and Perspectives: A Review

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ana D. Simonović ◽  
Milana M. Trifunović-Momčilov ◽  
Biljana K. Filipović ◽  
Marija P. Marković ◽  
Milica D. Bogdanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Arabinogalactan Proteins ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Centaurium Erythraea

Centaurium erythraea (centaury) is a traditionally used medicinal plant, with a spectrum of secondary metabolites with confirmed healing properties. Centaury is an emerging model in plant developmental biology due to its vigorous regenerative potential and great developmental plasticity when cultured in vitro. Hereby, we review nearly two decades of research on somatic embryogenesis (SE) in centaury. During SE, somatic cells are induced by suitable culture conditions to express their totipotency, acquire embryogenic characteristics, and eventually give rise to somatic embryos. When SE is initiated from centaury root explants, the process occurs spontaneously (on hormone-free medium), directly (without the callusing phase), and the somatic embryos are of unicellular origin. SE from leaf explants has to be induced by plant growth regulators and is indirect (preceded by callusing). Histological observations and culture conditions are compared in these two systems. The changes in antioxidative enzymes were followed during SE from the leaf explants. Special focus is given to the role of arabinogalactan proteins during SE, which were analyzed using a variety of approaches. The newest and preliminary results, including centaury transcriptome, novel potential SE markers, and novel types of arabinogalactan proteins, are discussed as perspectives of centaury research.

scholarly journals WUSCHEL Overexpression Promotes Callogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula Gaertn

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Aline Kadri ◽  
Ghislaine Grenier De March ◽  
François Guerineau ◽  
Viviane Cosson ◽  
Pascal Ratet
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Transformation Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Limiting Step ◽  
Wus Gene ◽  
Multiple Signaling ◽  
Regeneration Systems

The induction of plant somatic embryogenesis is often a limiting step for plant multiplication and genetic manipulation in numerous crops. It depends on multiple signaling developmental processes involving phytohormones and the induction of specific genes. The WUSCHEL gene (WUS) is required for the production of plant embryogenic stem cells. To explore a different approach to induce somatic embryogenesis, we have investigated the effect of the heterologous ArabidopsisWUS gene overexpression under the control of the jasmonate responsive vsp1 promoter on the morphogenic responses of Medicago truncatula explants. WUS expression in leaf explants increased callogenesis and embryogenesis in the absence of growth regulators. Similarly, WUS expression enhanced the embryogenic potential of hairy root fragments. The WUS gene represents thus a promising tool to develop plant growth regulator-free regeneration systems or to improve regeneration and transformation efficiency in recalcitrant crops.

Development of an embryo germination protocol for shy-seeded grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ashwini P. Benke ◽  
Ram Krishna ◽  
Roshni R. Samarth ◽  
Shweta S. Dhumal ◽  
Waquar A. Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Benzyl Amino Purine

Abstract Acquisition and germination of seeds are the most desired targets for the improvement of vegetatively propagated crops. In the present study, we developed a potential embryo germination protocol for the Red Globe grape cultivar having a low seed germination rate. Three grape berries at different developmental stages, viz. 50, 60 and 70 days after flowering (DAF), were selected for in-vitro embryo germination. Three growth media, namely Emershad and Ramming (ER), Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) and Murashige and Skoog (MS), and plant growth regulators (benzyl amino purine (BA), 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mg/l; indole butyric acid (IBA), 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l; and gibberellic acid (GA), 0.1, 0.3 and 0.9 mg/l) were screened individually in different combinations with three amino acids, namely cysteine, glutamine and proline (2.0 μmol/l each). The maximum embryos germination percentage recorded at 70 DAF was 63.33, 47.78 and 45.56% in ER, NN and MS media, respectively, supplemented with 0.9 mg/l BA, 2.0 mg/l IBA, 0.9 mg/l GA and 2.0 μmol glutamine. Glutamine was found to have the most significant impact, and it improved the rescued embryos germination. The present study provides a potential recipe for a medium that can facilitate efficient germination of grape embryos.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Tagetes erecta L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Emilio Vanegas Espinoza ◽  
Israel Benítez-García ◽  
Annel Lizeth Leyva Peralta ◽  
Octavio Paredes-López ◽  
Alma Angélica Del Villar-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Tagetes Erecta

scholarly journals Packaging of Post Acclimatized Somatic Embryogenesis Cocoa Plantlet (Theobroma cacao L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soedarsianto Soedarsianto ◽  
Teguh Iman Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Clonal plants that produced by somatic embryogenesis technique is one of the best choice to produce supperior clonal cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) planting materials. The somatic embryogenesis technique is a possible way for massive propagation, the outcome is true to type plants, the architecture similarity that the seedlings but there is not segregation like seedlings plants. At present mass production started of plantlets production until post-acclimatized plantlets of somatic embryogenesis cocoa was done at Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Distribution system of the planting materials to whole areas in form of as up-rooted post-acclimatized plantlet. Some problems identified to reduce probability of decreasing viability of up-rooted post-acclimatized plantlets and one of them is extreme internal water deficit. This research investigate of the influece storage condition (air tight and non-air tight) and box storage (mica plastic and cardboardbox). The first experiment result show, there is no significant different between mica plastic and cardboard box usage for storage of post-acclimatized cocoa pantlet. Viability of up-rooted post acclimatized cocoa plantlet influenced exactly by air tight and non-air tight storage condition. Air tight storage condition have better viability of up-rooted post acclimatised (81,58%) than non-air tight storage condition (65,00%). Leaf sanasence on air tight storage condition (10,33%) lower than non-air tight storage (32,58%). There is not significantly on volume storage per plantlet between 4.416 cm3 and 12.600 cm3. Relationship between fallen leaves and cocoa planlet viability follow negative linear correlation y = -1,4719x + 104,88 (R2 = 0,9772). The second experiment treatment showed that maximal storage periode of post cclimatized cocoa plantlet just until 6 days stored (97%) and not significant with 3 days one. Viability of post acclimatized cocoa plantlet decreased after 6 days storage period.Key words : Somatic embryogenesis, post acclimatized cacao plantlet, storage condition, box storage, volume storage, storage period and viability.

scholarly journals In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Hapsoro ◽  
Rahmadyah Hamiranti ◽  
Yusnita Yusnita
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Regeneration Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Primary Callus ◽  
Ascorbic Acids ◽  
Superior Clones

Abstract. Hapsoro D, Hamiranti R, Yusnita Y. 2020. In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media. Biodiversitas 21: 3811-3817. This study aimed to investigate the effects of genotypes and primary callus induction media on somatic embryogenesis of superior robusta coffee clones of Lampung. Leaf explants of clones Tugusari, Komari, Tugino, and Wanto were cultured on two types of primary callus induction media (PCIM). PCIM1 consisted of half-strength MS salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 0.1 thiamine-HCl, 0.5 nicotinic acids, 0.5 pyridoxine-HCl, 100 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, and 1 benzyl adenine. PCIM2 consisted of NPCM salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 15 thiamine-HCl, 1 nicotinic acid, 1 pyridoxine-HCl, 2 glycines, 130 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2 thidiazuron. The highest percentage (100%) of primary callus formation was found in Komari and Wanto clones. PCIM2 resulted in more primary calli than PCIM1. When subcultured to embryogenic callus induction medium, primary calli of clone Komari and Wanto developed into a high percentage of embryogenic calli, while those of the other two turned brown and died. PCIM2-derived primary calli developed into more embryogenic calli. When subcultured on somatic embryo (SE) regeneration medium, these calli underwent the formation of SE of various stages. When subcultured to plant regeneration medium, these SEs developed into plantlets.

scholarly journals EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK ANGGREK BULAN Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl: STRUKTUR DAN POLA PERKEMBANGAN

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Edy Setiti Wida Utami ◽  
Issirep Soemardi ◽  
Taryono Taryono ◽  
Endang Semiarti
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
One Year

Research of the structure and development pattern of somatic embryos from callus of leaf explants moon orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis (L) Bl had been done. One year old of plantlets were used as explants sources. Basal leaf of these explants were cultured in Somatic Embryo Induction Medium (SEIM) e.i.: NP(New Phalaenopsis) medium added with 2 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L BA, 10 g/L sucrose, and 2 g/L gellan gum. Then somatic embryos were transferred to EMM (Embryo Maturation Medium) e.i. NP medium added with 1 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L BA, 10 g/L sucrose, and 2 g/L gellan gum. Finally, mature somatic embryo were transferred to NP medium without plant growth regulator as Embryo Germination Medium (EGM). The origin of somatic embryos initially from single cell at the pheriphery of embryogenic callus. These cells then devided in mitotic repeatedly formed globular proembryo, elongation embryo, and completed embryo. The structure and development pattern of somatic embryos as the same as with zygotic embryo.

scholarly journals MICROPROPAGATION OF PHALAENOPSIS SPP. BY SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS TECHNIQUE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1185-1191
Author(s):  
Minh Van Tran
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
In Vitro Embryogenesis

Phalaenopsis spp. was regularly produced through micropropagation by protocorm like bodies (PLBs); micropropagation takes a lot of labor, and has high cost of seedlings, energy and material. The purpose of this paper was to study the new technique of using in vitro embryogenesis culturing for microprogation. The method involved using protocorm like bodies as planting materials. PLBs were cut into slices and placed on the medium for callus initiation. The callus was initiated on the medium MS + BA (0.1 mg/l) supplemented with NAA (1 mg/l) or 2,4D (1 mg/l) and was proliferated on the medium MS + BA (0.1 mg/l) supplemented with NAA (1 mg/l). Somatic cell suspensions were initiated and proliferated on the medium MS + BA (0.1 mg/l) supplemented with NAA (0.5, 1 mg/l). Somatic cell suspensions were differentiated to embryonic cell suspensions on the MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg/l) + BA (0.5 mg/l). Embryonic cell suspensions were plated and regenerated on the medium: 1/2MS supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg/l) + BA (0.5 mg/l). Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis sp. via the embryogenesis technique was set up to produce 5,800 plantlets per one liter of somatic embryogenesis suspension.

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