scholarly journals Improvement of boiler efficiency for Rerm-Udom sugar factory

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Praphon Chooprsert ◽  
Keerati Suluksna ◽  
Preecha Tummu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Conservation Measure ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
Investment Cost

The objective of this study is to conduct a field survey, including data collection and measurements to study the potential of energy conservation measure of Rerm-Udom sugar factory in Udon Thani. The boiler efficiency is measured and calculated using the indirect method. The results of this study show that the most significant loss of the boilers is heat loss due to exhaust gas, which is 17.2%, while the rest heat loss is around 2%. The proposed energy conservation measure to improve the performance of the boiler is to install the economizer, which helps to increase the boiler efficiency for 1.5% and helps to produce additional electricity for 2,362,800 kWh per year or 7,088,400 Baht per year. The investment cost of the economizer is 7,200,000 Baht and the maintenance cost is around 1,000,000 Baht per year. Therefore, the payback period of the energy conservation measure is 1.2 years.

Biomass Boiler Exhaust Gas Temperature Factors Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1981-1984
Author(s):  
Wei Lv ◽  
Xiao Nan Zhang ◽  
Rui Yang Li ◽  
Zhong Xia Zhao ◽  
Xi Yu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Biomass Boiler ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temperature Factors

The problems of the high exhaust gas temperature in the biomass boiler which moves normally are analyzed, and the anti-balance method to get the boiler efficiency is used to get the relationship between the exhaust gas temperature and the boiler efficiency. Greater exhaust gas heat loss, smaller the boiler efficiency. According to 35t/h biomass grate boiler, the factors which affect exhaust gas temperature are analyzed and summarized

Hypothermia and Energy Conservation: A Tradeoff for Elderly Persons?

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Macey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Accidental Hypothermia ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Conservation Measure ◽  
Measure Methods

For many elderly people, residential energy conservation options are often limited to little or no cost measures such as reducing their winter nighttime thermostat setting. As a result, conflicts can arise between the need to preserve health and the necessity to conserve energy. Under these circumstances, accidental hypothermia is an important and growing concern. This study examines the association between concern for health and the adoption by elderly persons of a lowered winter nighttime thermostat setting. Evidence from two surveys of elderly respondents who maintain separate owner-occupied residences shows that health and thermal comfort concerns are the major reasons for nonadoption of this energy conservation measure. Methods are presented for increasing energy conservation while maintaining a healthful home environment.

scholarly journals ANALISA FINANSIAL PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL AA DI JAWA TIMUR

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Adham Indra Kusuma, Marjono, Fauziah S.C.S Maisarah
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Investment Cost

One attempt to create a good transport system is the construction of new roads toll roads. A toll road construction soon to be implemented is AA segment a which is of  investment oriented and expected to give profits to the investors. According to the plan, the toll road is 40.5 km long development is divided into 4 sections. Data required to perform financial analysis is the cost of investment, operation and maintenance cost, traffic volume, and the toll rate plans. These data to find the values of the parameters used to calculate the financial analysis include the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and Payback Period (PP). The financial analysis will use two funding alternatives, alternative I using 100% equity, alternative II using 30% equity and 70%  loan. The purpose of this study is to determine the results of the financial analysis of the parameter values of highway construction project feasibility and determine the most influential factors after a sensitivity analysis has been made. Based on the financial analysis the investment cost results in IDR 3,827,698,222,645. The financial analysis NPV parameters alternative I results in IDR 661,439,934,962 and alternative II in IDR 230,334,925,350 which means they are feasible because both NPVs are greater than 0; both the IRR of 14.18% for alternative I and 13.02% for alternative II are greater than Minimum Attractive Rate Of Return (MARR) value of 12.42%; so, they are feasible; the value of BCR of alternative I is of 1.13 and alternative II is of 1.04; so, they are feasible because the value of BCR is greater than 1. While the PP of alternative I in the period of 12.1 years and alternative II in the period of 13.5 years. The sensitivity analysis of alternatives I and II result in  the most influential alternative—when construction period experiences ≥ 3 years backwards.Keywords: investment cost, financial analysis, sensitivity analysis.

Research and Improvement on Calculation Method of Optimal Excess Air Ratio

2014 ◽  
Vol 536-537 ◽  
pp. 1583-1586
Author(s):  
Jun Xiong Qi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Incomplete Combustion ◽  
Excess Air

By analyzing the relations of the excess air ratio to heat loss due to exhaust gas, chemical incomplete combustion and combustibles in refuse, the traditional method for solving the optimal excess air ratio is improved. A correction factor is proposed for heat loss due to combustibles in refuse, making the solving method more accurate, which is of great importance for improving the combustion efficiency of the boiler.

scholarly journals Thermal and Torrefaction Characteristics of a Small-Scale Rotating Drum Reactor

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Nitipong Soponpongpipat ◽  
Suwat Nanetoe ◽  
Paisan Comsawang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Reactor Wall ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Rotating Drum ◽  
Reactor Types ◽  
Purge Gas ◽  
Rotating Drum Reactor

The small-scale rotating drum reactor (SS-RDR) was designed and constructed without using purge gas for the purpose of household application. The thermal and torrefaction characteristics of SS-RDR were studied and compared with other reactor types. It was found that the heat loss at the reactor wall and heat loss from exhaust gas of the SS-RDR were in the range of 6.3–12.4% and 27.9–42.8%, respectively. The increase of flue gas temperature resulted in the decrease of heat loss at the reactor wall and the increase of heat loss from exhaust gas. The heating rate of the SS-RDR was in the range of 7.3–21.4 °C/min. The higher heating value (HHV) ratio, mass yield, and energy yield ofthe SS-RDR were in the range of 1.2–1.6, 35.0–81.0%, and 56.2–96.5%, respectively. A comparison of torrefaction characteristics of various reactor types on HHV ratio-mass yield-iso-energy yield diagram indicated that the torrefaction characteristics of the SS-RDR were better than that of the rotating drum reactor with purge gas.

Applications of the Optimal Configuration of Section Switches in the Digital System of the Distribution Network Wiring Diagram

2014 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Chuan Kun Xia ◽  
Peng Fei Yang ◽  
Si Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Network ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Optimal Configuration ◽  
Nonlinear Integer Programming ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Wiring Diagram ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Additional Section ◽  
Actual Configuration ◽  
Original Frame

the optimal configuration of section switches requires the nonlinear integer programming and the technology, reliability and economy should be taken into account. Therefore, this paper put forward a planning method to determine the optimal additional number and installation position of section switches, which is based on the original frame and switches and combined with the drawing functions in the digital system of the distribution network wiring diagram. The objective function of this method considers the annual investment cost of section switches, the annual operation maintenance cost and the annual loss in outage. It also gives consideration to the correction of investment constraints on the jurisdiction index interval to calculate the number of required additional section switches. Finally, the digital system of the distribution network wiring diagram is utilized to simulate the actual configuration of switches, and the configuration of section switches is optimized by simulating faults through disconnecting the power supply.

scholarly journals Room without a view – den construction in relation to body size in brown bears

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shotaro Shiratsuru ◽  
Andrea Friebe ◽  
Jon E. Swenson ◽  
Andreas Zedrosser
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHibernation is an adaptive strategy to survive harsh winter conditions and food shortage. The use of well-insulated winter dens helps animals minimize energy loss during hibernation. Brown bears (Ursus arctos) commonly use excavated dens for hibernation. Physical properties of excavated dens, such as the amount of space between a bear and the inner wall, wall/roof thickness, and bedding materials, are expected to impact heat retention and energy conservation of bears. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of physical properties of excavated dens on energy conservation in hibernating bears. Our hypothesis was that bears excavate dens in a way to minimize heat loss and optimize energy conservation during hibernation. We predicted that physical properties of excavated dens would significantly affect the bears’ post-hibernation body condition. To test our hypothesis and prediction, we analyzed data collected from brown bears in Sweden with linear mixed effects models, examining (i) what factors affect den-excavation behavior and (ii) if physical properties of excavated dens affect post-hibernation body condition. We found that bears excavated a den cavity in relation to their body size, that older bears tended to excavate better-fitting den cavities compared to young bears, and that the physical properties of excavated dens did not significantly affect a bears’ post-hibernation body condition. Older bears excavated better-fitting den cavities, suggesting a potentially experience-based shift with age in den-excavation behavior and an optimum cavity size relative to a bear’s body size. The strong year effect shown by the most parsimonious model for post-hibernation body condition suggests that variations in physical properties of excavated dens are possibly negligible, compared to the large annual variations in biotic and abiotic factors affecting pre-hibernation body condition and heat loss during hibernation.

scholarly journals A Two-Stage Configuration Method of Integrated Community Energy System Considering Demand Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Yang ◽  
Tianxiang Xie ◽  
Chang Zhang ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
Jianhao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Annual Operating Cost

The integrated community energy system (ICES) has aroused considerable attention for its low emission and high operating efficiency. The existing configuration methods for ICES with multi-energy sectors ignored the controllable load. In this paper, a two-stage configuration method of ICES is developed to achieve the minimum annual investing and operating cost. At the first stage, the capacities of components in ICES are optimized to minimize the annual investment cost of ICES. At the second stage, the annual operating cost including the electricity and gas purchase costs and the component maintenance cost is minimized to satisfy the energy load. The controllable load under the time-of-use energy price in seasonal typical days is considered in the second stage. Relevant simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed configuration method for ICES. Considering the controllable load, comparative simulations illustrate that the proposed configuration method can significantly reduce the battery investment cost.

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