scholarly journals Numerical study on the effect of shaft position on natural smoke exhaust in tunnels with one closed portal

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 05061
Author(s):  
GENG Pengqiang ◽  
WANG Zihao ◽  
WENG Miaocheng ◽  
LIU Fang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Source ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Ceiling Temperature ◽  
Longitudinal Distance

.This paper uses Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to study the effect of the longitudinal distance from the shaft to the fire source on the natural smoke exhaust of the tunnel fire with one closed portal, and analyzes the temperature distribution of the smoke and the shaft’s smoke exhaust efficiency. The results show that when the shaft is located downstream of the fire source (Ds<0), with the increase of the distance from the shaft to the fire source, the smoke exhaust efficiency decreases first and then stabilizes at a fixed value. At this time, the ceiling temperature attenuation’s coefficient at upstream of the fire source is only related to the heat release rate of the fire source (HRR). When the shaft is located upstream of the fire source (Ds>0), the smoke exhaust efficiency increases slightly with the increase of the distance from the shaft to the fire source, but the overall value is relatively small. When HRR is fixed, the shaft located downstream of the fire source has a higher smoke exhaust efficiency. As the distance between the shaft and the fire source increases, the plug phenomenon decreases.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Penyebaran Api Ketika Terjadi Kebakaran Berbasis Metode FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) pada Parkiran Sepeda Motor Kampus A Universitas Negeri Jakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Pratomo Setyadi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Modelling

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena melihat kondisi bangunan parkiran depan Kampus A Universitas NegeriJakarta yang pembangunan tersendat tetapi sudah dipergunakan untuk khayalayak di khawatirkan dapat membahayakanpenghuni, dan karyawan yang bekerja di gedung parkiran tersebut apabila terjadi kebakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan kriteria bahaya kebakaran pada parkiran sepeda motor kampus A UNJ. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan SoftwareFire Dynamics Simulator Version 5.0 untuk membuat suatu pemodelan kebakaran berdasarkan titik awal nyala api dan arahangin.Pada penelitian ini akan membahas tentang perkembangan api dimana perkembangan api tersebut akandirepresentasikan oleh HRR (Heat Release Rate), burning rate, dan visualisasi dari masing-masing simulasi. Langkah inisangat menguntungkan karena dapat mengetahui bagaimana penyebaran api saat terjadi kebakaran dan seberapa bahayakebakaran yang disimulasikan. Dengan adanya fire modelling ini dapat menjadi pendekatan engineering praktis untukmemberikan peninjauan tambahan terhadap aspek keselamatan kebakaran pada gedung parkiran kampus A UniveristasNegeri Jakarta. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa cepatnya penyebaran api dipengaruhi titik awalnya api,kecepatan dan arah angin. Dimana semakin besar nilai HRR maka semakin besar pula nilai burning rate yang didapatkandan semakin besar pula tingkat kebakaran yang terjadi.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Heat Release Rate Predictions of Fire by a Fire Dynamics Simulator for Solid Combustible Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Dong-Gun Nam ◽  
Ter-Ki Hong ◽  
Myung-Ho Ryu ◽  
Seul-Hyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Pyrolysis Model ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Room Corner Test

The heat release rate (HRR) of fire for solid combustibles, consisting of multi-materials, was measured using the ISO 9705 room corner test, and a computational analysis was conducted to simulate the fire using an HRR prediction model that was provided by a fire dynamics simulator (FDS). As the solid combustible consisted of multi-materials, a cinema chair composed primarily of PU foam, PP, and steel was employed. The method for predicting the HRR provided by the FDS can be categorized into a simple model and a pyrolysis model. Because each model was applied and computational analysis was conducted under the same conditions, the HRR and fire growth rate predicted by the pyrolysis model had good agreement with the results obtained using the ISO 9705 room corner test.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Penyebaran Api Ketika Terjadi Kebakaran Berbasis Metode FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) pada Parkiran Sepeda Motor Kampus A Universitas Negeri Jakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Pratomo Setyadi ◽  
Yola Furqaan Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Modelling

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena melihat kondisi bangunan parkiran depan Kampus A Universitas NegeriJakarta yang pembangunan tersendat tetapi sudah dipergunakan untuk khayalayak di khawatirkan dapat membahayakanpenghuni, dan karyawan yang bekerja di gedung parkiran tersebut apabila terjadi kebakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan kriteria bahaya kebakaran pada parkiran sepeda motor kampus A UNJ. Dalam penelitian ini digunakanSoftware Fire Dynamics Simulator Version 5.0 untuk membuat suatu pemodelan kebakaran berdasarkan titik awal nyala apidan arah angin.Pada penelitian ini akan membahas tentang perkembangan api dimana perkembangan api tersebut akandirepresentasikan oleh HRR (Heat Release Rate), burning rate, dan visualisasi dari masing-masing simulasi. Langkah inisangat menguntungkan karena dapat mengetahui bagaimana penyebaran api saat terjadi kebakaran dan seberapa bahayakebakaran yang disimulasikan. Dengan adanya fire modelling ini dapat menjadi pendekatan engineering praktis untukmemberikan peninjauan tambahan terhadap aspek keselamatan kebakaran pada gedung parkiran kampus A UniveristasNegeri Jakarta. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa cepatnya penyebaran api dipengaruhi titik awalnya api,kecepatan dan arah angin. Dimana semakin besar nilai HRR maka semakin besar pula nilai burning rate yang didapatkandan semakin besar pula tingkat kebakaran yang terjadi.

Scale Modeling on the Effect of Air Velocity on Heat Release Rate in Tunnel Fire

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chen ◽  
L. Qu ◽  
Y. X. Yang ◽  
G. Q. Kang ◽  
W. K. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Scale Modeling

Numerical Analysis of Evacuation from Taiwan Hsuehshan Tunnel Fire

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1840-1849
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Kuo Da Chou
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Escape Time ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Protection Engineering

Taiwan is an island nation with numerous mountains and few plains. Consequently, the number of tunnel projects has gradually increased and tunnels are becoming longer. Because the number of large tunnels that exceed 1000 meters in length has increased, the effective escape and evacuation of people during a fire and the minimization of injury are crucial to fire protection engineers. For this study, an actual example of a fire that occurred in Hsuehshan Tunnel (12.9 kilometers and the longest tunnel in Southeast Asia) was used. A fire dynamics simulator (FDS) including numerical simulation software was applied to analyze this fire and the relevant information that was collected was compared and verified. The fire site simulation showed the escape and evacuation of people during the fire. Simulations of the original fire site and the possible escape time for people with various attributes were discussed to provide quantitative data and recommendations based on the analysis results, which can serve as a reference for fire protection engineering.

scholarly journals A Study on Ceiling Temperature Distribution and Critical Exhaust Volumetric Flow Rate in a Long-Distance Subway Tunnel Fire with a Two-Point Extraction Ventilation System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Zhongyuan Yuan ◽  
Yanping Yuan ◽  
Nanyang Yu ◽  
Tao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Subway Tunnel ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Ceiling Temperature

Smoke control is a crucial issue in a long-distance subway tunnel fire, and a two-point extraction ventilation system is an effective way to solve this problem, due to the characteristics of controlling the smoke in a limited area and removing high-temperature and toxic smoke in time. In this study, the ceiling temperature distribution and the critical exhaust volumetric flow rate to control the smoke in the zone between two extraction vents were investigated in a long-distance subway tunnel fire with a two-point extraction ventilation system. Experiments were carried out in a 1/20 reduced-scale tunnel model based on Froude modeling. Factors, including the heat release rate (HRR), the extraction vent length, the internal distance between two extraction vents and exhaust volumetric flow rate, were studied. Smoke temperature below the ceiling, exhaust volumetric flow rate and smoke spreading configurations were measured. The ceiling temperature distribution was analyzed. Meanwhile, an empirical equation was developed to predict the critical exhaust volumetric flow rate based on the one-dimensional theory, experimental phenomenon and the analysis of forces acting at the smoke underneath the extraction vent. The coefficients in the empirical equation were determined by experimental data. Compared with the experimental results, the developed empirical equation can predict the critical exhaust volumetric flow rate well. Research outcomes in this study will be beneficial to the design and application of two-point extraction ventilation system for a long-distance subway tunnel fire.

Numerical Simulation on Ghosting Fire in the Confined Underground Space

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2667-2670
Author(s):  
Pei Hong Zhang ◽  
Xiao Wei Lu ◽  
Xiao Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Fire Source ◽  
Underground Fire ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Air Vent

The phenomenon of ghosting fire development in underground confined space is simulated to analyze the impacts of ghosting fire generation via some conditions -- different air vent sizes and different fire source areas. FDS is used to establish a physical model of underground fire laboratory in Northeastern University, the simulation is conducted by setting two parameters, the air vent size and the fire source area. The fire heat release rate, temperature, concentration of CO, O2 are measured to analyze the case of ghosting fire generation in underground confined space with different air vent sizes and different fire source areas. It’s most likely to generate ghosting fire when the simulating parameter is that the air vent size is 0.4m × 0.4m and the fire source area is 0.96m2. The conclusion is that increasing the air vent size is not a simple ascending and descending relationship with the occurrence time and duration time of the ghosting fire. Increasing the fire source area can improve the fire heat release rate effectively, and promote the formation of ghosting fire.

scholarly journals Estimation of Magnitude and Heat Release Rate of Fires Occurring in Historic Buildings-Taking Churches as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9193
Author(s):  
Wen-Yao Chang ◽  
Chieh-Hsin Tang ◽  
Ching-Yuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Smoke Detector ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Maximum Heat Release

Historical buildings often fail to meet today’s building and fire protection regulations due to their structure and space restrictions. For this reason, if such buildings encounter fire, serious damage will be resulted. The fire of the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris (Notre-Dame de Paris) in April 2019 highlights the seriousness of this problem. In this study, the historical building of “Tamsui Church” was selected as an example. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was adopted to analyze the scale of damage and possible hazards when the wooden seats in the church are on fire, and improvement measures were proposed to ensure that such buildings can be used under safer conditions. It was found that the existing seat arrangement will cause the spreading of fire, and the maximum heat release rate is 2609.88 kW. The wooden roof frame above the fire source will also start to burn at 402.88 s (6.6 min) after the fire, which will lead to a full-scale fire. To maintain the safety of the historical building, it is necessary to add active firefighting equipment (smoke detector and water mist system).

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