scholarly journals Designing and 3-D Modelling of a Sustainable Cable Stayed Bridge-A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 01070
Author(s):  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Mirza Jahangir Baig ◽  
Bhumika Pandey ◽  
Kartik Papreja
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Symmetrical Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Cable Forces ◽  
Design Options ◽  
World Development ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

In the world of Civil Engineering, bridges are an example of structural art expressing how much the structures have evolved till present times. The concept and design of bridges has been evolved over the past years, having numerous amounts of different geometrical models and methods to construct bridges. As the development and innovation has reached so far, the concept of bridges has made a great impact on global infrastructure by creating sustainable, effective, and aesthetical bridges around the world. development of the finest aesthetical and sustainable designs for bridges which are known as Cable Stayed BridgesThe bridge form in which the weight of the deck is supported by a number of nearly straight diagonal cables in tension running directly to one or more vertical towers. The towers transfer the cable forces to the foundations through vertical compression. The tensile forces in the cables also put the deck into horizontal compression. Cable stayed bridges are the types of bridges those are best suited for connecting wide-span crossings. Construction of cable stayed bridge is widely promoted all over the world and construction of more than 600 cable stayed bridges are recorded till date. This type of bridge is preferred over any other type due to its possible construction to the indefinite length, availability of multiple design options with the possibility of symmetrical design and excellent strength. In this paper we shall discuss numerous case studies of the cable stayed bridges, compile all the beneficial data for most of the cable stayed bridges located in India.

scholarly journals Effect of blast loading and resulting progressive failure of a cable-stayed bridge

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Mudragada ◽  
S. S. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Blast Loads ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Bridge Performance ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

AbstractMany researchers have carried out experimental and numerical investigations to examine building structures’ response to explosive loads. Studies of bridges subjected to blast loads are limited. Hence, in this study, we present a case study on a cable-stayed bridge, namely, Charles River Cable-Stayed Bridge-Boston, to assess its robustness and resistance against the progressive collapse resulting from localized failure due to blast loads. Three different blast scenarios are considered to interpret the bridge performance to blast loads. To monitor the progressive failure mechanisms of the structural elements due to blast, pre-defined plastic hinges are assigned to the bridge deck. The results conclude that the bridge is too weak to sustain the blast loads near the tower location, and the progressive collapse is inevitable. Hence, to preserve this cable-stayed bridge from local and global failure, structural components should be more reinforced near the tower location. This case study helps the designer better understand the need for blast resistance design of cable-stayed bridges.

A prediction method for cable forces of cable-stayed bridges using fuzzy processing and Bayes estimation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Dong ◽  
Bin Xie ◽  
Dongli Sun ◽  
Yizhuo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Method ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Bayes Estimation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Force Estimation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Cable Forces ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

<p>Cable forces are primary factors influencing the design of a cable-stayed bridge. A fast and practical method for cable force estimation is proposed in this paper. For this purpose, five input parameters representing the main characteristics of a cable-stayed bridge and two output parameters representing the cable forces in two key construction stages are defined. Twenty different representative cable-stayed bridges are selected for further prediction. The cable forces are carefully optimized through finite element analysis. Then, discrete and fuzzy processing is applied in data processing to improve their reliability and practicality. Finally, based on the input parameters of a target bridge, the maximum possible output parameters are calculated by Bayes estimation based on the processed data. The calculation results show that the average prediction error of this method is less than 1% for the twenty bridges themselves, which provide the primary data and less than 3% for an under-construction bridge.</p>

scholarly journals Expanding Waistlines: A "Nutrition Transition" in China

Elements ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitsy Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Medical Advances

As China's coffers have swelled over the past three decades, its citizens' waistlines have also expanded. Western goods and lifestyles habits are consistently being imported into the Asian giant, including the obesity epidemic. Chinese children are particularly susceptible and future generations face tremendous health risks despite medical advances. States and international bodies such as the World Health Organization are alarmed at the damage obesity is already producing. The price tag to treat the health problems associated with obesity and the rsulting loss in economic productivity is staggering. While this essay uses China as a case study to examine the causes of obesity and its consequences, social and economic health, the grim reality is that this pattern is occurring worldwide as countries develop and their people adopt Western "nutritional" norms.

Monitored structural behavior of a long span cable-stayed bridge under environmental effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemdar Bayraktar ◽  
Ashraf Ashour ◽  
Halil Karadeniz ◽  
Altok Kurşun ◽  
Arif Erdiş
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Steel Cable ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Cable Forces ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

An accurate numerical analysis of the behavior of long-span cable-stayed bridges under environmental effects is a challenge because of complex, uncertain and varying environmental meteorology. This study aims to investigate in-situ experimental structural behavior of long-span steel cable-stayed bridges under environmental effects such as air temperature and wind using the monitoring data. Nissibi cable-stayed bridge with total length of 610m constructed in the city of Adıyaman, Turkey, in 2015 is chosen for this purpose. Structural behaviors of the main structural elements including deck, towers (pylons) and cables of the selected long span cable-stayed bridge under environmental effects such as air temperature and wind are investigated by using daily monitoring data. The daily variations of cable forces, cable accelerations, pylon accelerations and deck accelerations with air temperature and wind speed are compared using the hottest summer (July 31, 2015) and the coldest winter (January 1, 2016) days data.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of the Deck Material on the Cost in Cable-Stayed Bridges with Different Spans

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
Ali Köken ◽  
Ahmed Ali Abdulqader Farhad
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Bridge Program ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges ◽  
Bridge System

Abstract Recent developments in the social sphere also cause an increase in transportation activities. Increased transport activities lead to the construction of new roads and bridges. Different bridge construction systems are available to overcome large span obstacles. Cable-stayed bridges are more advantageous construction systems than other bridge type building carrier systems in overcoming large spans through suspension cables. Therefore, it is also widely preferred by designers. The biggest factor in the development of cable-stayed bridges is undoubtedly steel cables. Cable-stayed bridges are bridge structures that become lighter with the increase of the span, which has a more expanded flexibility, and that includes a cable system with the effect of nonlinear factors. Costs of cable-stayed bridges vary according to different spans. The span as well as the deck material used in the bridge system have a great effect on the cost. In cable-stayed bridge systems, decks are constructed of reinforced concrete and steel. The costs of cable-stayed bridges are widely discussed around the world; therefore, the effect of the span and deck material on the cost of cable-stayed bridges is being investigated. The main bearing elements of such bridges are cables, decks, and towers, and among these elements, the tower bridge carries all the weight of the bridge, even other external loads such as vehicle, wind, etc. In this study, the three-dimensional model of the cable, deck and tower elements that make up the cable-stayed bridge system was created and analysed using the CSI Bridge Program. The AASHTO LRFD Standards, which are widely used in the analysis of bridge systems with the CSI Bridge program and the design of bridge systems in the world, were used. In the study, the analysis and designs of cable-stayed bridges with reinforced concrete and steel deck at 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000 meters span were carried out. The amount of materials and costs used in the analysis and design of the cable-stayed bridge systems were obtained and the results were interpreted.

scholarly journals Design for Disassembly (DfD) and Augmented Reality (AR): Case Study Applied to a Gearbox

Machines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Frizziero ◽  
Alfredo Liverani ◽  
Gianni Caligiana ◽  
Giampiero Donnici ◽  
Luca Chinaglia
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Design For Disassembly ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Required Quality

Today’s market drives companies to change, adapt, and compete. Many consumers are increasingly looking at price, without sacrificing quality. In order to be attractive to the customer, companies must be able to offer the required quality at the lowest possible price. The life cycle of many products has been shortened compared to the past because now technologies are evolving faster. For these reasons, it is important that companies reevaluate all the operations that are carried out within them, to optimize them and eventually adopt new technologies if they offer interesting opportunities. In this discussion, we first study the design for disassembly, a technique that can bring several advantages during the life cycle of a component, offering the possibility of reducing time and cost of disassembling a product, and better reuse of the different materials of which it is composed. Subsequently, augmented reality is discussed, and how this technology is exploited in the world, especially in the industrial sector. During the work, we discuss a case study, with the gearbox being the object of analysis. This allows us to apply the theoretical concepts illustrated in a concrete way, allowing for a better understanding of the topics.

Novelty detection of cable-stayed bridges based on cable force correlation exploration using spatiotemporal graph convolutional networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172098866
Author(s):  
Shunlong Li ◽  
Jin Niu ◽  
Zhonglong Li
Keyword(s):  
Novelty Detection ◽  
The State ◽  
Spatial Dependency ◽  
Sensor Fault ◽  
Spatiotemporal Model ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Adjacency Matrices ◽  
Cable Forces ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

The novelty detection of bridges using monitoring data is an effective technique for diagnosing structural changes and possible damages, providing a critical basis for assessing the structural states of bridges. As cable forces describe the state of cable-stayed bridges, a novelty detection method was developed in this study using spatiotemporal graph convolutional networks by analysing spatiotemporal correlations among cable forces determined from different cable dynamometers. The spatial dependency of the sensor network was represented as a directed graph with cable dynamometers as vertices, and a graph convolutional network with learnable adjacency matrices was used to capture the spatial dependency of the locally connected vertices. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network was operated along the time axis to capture the temporal dependency. Sensor faults and structural variations could be distinguished based on the local or global anomalies of the spatiotemporal model parameters. Faulty sensors were detected and isolated using weighted adjacency matrices along with diagnostic indicators of the model residuals. After eliminating the effect of the sensor fault, the underlying variations in the state of the cable-stayed bridge could be determined based on the changing data patterns of the spatiotemporal model. The application of the proposed method to a long-span cable-stayed bridge demonstrates its effectiveness in sensor fault localization and structural variation detection.

scholarly journals Apple iPhone: A Market Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daylin Van De Vliert
Keyword(s):  
Future Market ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Technology Market

Founded in 1976, Apple inc. quickly became one of the biggest companies in the world. Throughout the years, Apple has been apart of the technology market where there has been an exponential amount of opportunities and threats. This market case study aims to determine how Apple can target such opportunities to help predict future trends and influences over the market. To identify these trends and market influences, I have first conducted an environmental scan of Apple’s current and future market(s). Then I described Apple’s fundamental psychological and sociocultural consumer behaviors. And finally, I identified Apple’s target market, how they have chosen to segment and the demographics and geographics within Apple’s largest target segments. As a result of successfully identifying trends in the past, Apple continues to impress with its globally known brand name and customer base/market. However, Apple must continue to identify future opportunities to stay relevant in the ever-advancing technological market. This analysis of the marketing context suggests Apple may need to re-position its iPhones to maintain its leading position in the marketplace.

scholarly journals KAJIAN ARSITEKTUR MODERN PADA PRASARANA SEKOLAH KEBERBAKATAN OLAHRAGA (SKO)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-260
Author(s):  
Muhmmad Rizki Teguh Tri Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Geometric Shapes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

Abstract: Modern Architecture is one of the famous concepts from the past until now. Modern architectural style that eliminates the style of ornamentation is one of the strong characteristics of modern architecture. By making the building more minimalist modern architecture has a good impact on the world of architecture to the present. One of them is modern architecture in infrastructure or sports hall, to achieve good quality facilities becomes a very important role in the world of sports. The application of modern architecture to sports buildings can be seen in the looks and plans of buildings of its sports facilities. The case study used for this research is the Middle School / High School for Sports, Ragunan. By examining some parts of the principles of modern architecture, namely: The use of basic geometric shapes, the use of elements of field and volume lines, the symmetrical impression on buildings, the use of grid systems, the honesty of construction and structure. The conclusion is that the building of a special sports school in the Ragunan has used Modern Architecture from the principles that have been used as well as the results of the analysis. Keywords : Architecture; Modern Architecture; Principal Architecture Abstrak: Arsitektur Modern merupakan salah satu konsep yang terkenal dari dulu hingga sekarang. Gaya arsitektur modern yang menghilangkan corak ornamen merupakan salah satu ciri khas yang kental dari Arsitektur modern. Dengan menjadikan bangunan menjadi lebih minimalis arsitektur modern membawa dampak yang baik pada dunia arsitektur hingga saat ini. Salah satu nya adalah arsitektur modern pada prasarana atau gedung olahraga, untuk mencapai kualitas yang bagus fasilitas menjadi peran yang sangat penting dalam dunia olahraga. Penerapan arsitektur modern pada gedung olahraga bisa terlihat pada tampak dan denah dari bangunan fasilitas olahraga nya. Studi kasus yang dipakai untuk penelitian ini adalah SMP/SMA Sekolah Khusus Olahraga, Ragunan. Dengan meneliti beberapa bagian dari prinsip arsitektur modern yaitu: Penggunaan bentuk dasar geometri, Penggunaan unsur garis bidang dan volume, Kesan Simetris pada bangunan, Penggunaan sistem grid, Kejujuran konstruksi dan struktur. Kesimpulanya bahwa pada bangunan Sekolah khusus olahraga di Ragunan telah menggunakan Arsitektur Modern dari prinsip-prinsip yang telah gunakan serta hasil analisis. Kata Kunci: Arsitektur; Arsitektur Modern; Prinsip Arsitektur

scholarly journals Anime tourism in Italy: Travelling to the locations of the Studio Ghibli films

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-250
Author(s):  
Giulia Lavarone ◽  
Marco Bellano
Keyword(s):  
Fan Studies ◽  
Media Sociology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Studio Ghibli ◽  
Japanese Animation ◽  
The Relationship

Film-induced tourism, intended as travelling to places where films and TV series have been shot or set, has been extensively studied in the last two decades in several disciplinary fields. For example, the term ‘media pilgrimage’ emerged in media sociology to highlight the sacred dimension these practices may assume, while fan studies have focused on the narrative of affection built upon specific places. Calling forth the relationship between film and landscape, these phenomena have been also explored in the light of film semiotics and media geography. In the past decade, the representation of landscape and the construction of the sense of place in animation benefited from increased scholarly attention; however, the links between tourism and animation still appear under-explored. Japanese animation, because of its prominent use of real locations as the basis for the building of its worlds and the tendency of its fanbases to take action (even in the form of animation-oriented tourism), is an especially promising field, in this respect. In the last fifteen years, a debate on ‘content(s) tourism’ has involved the Japanese government as well as academic scholarship, referring to a wide variety of contents, from novels to films and TV series, anime, manga, and games. The article presents a case study: a discussion of the experience of anime tourists who visited the Italian locations featured in the films by the world-famous animator and director Miyazaki Hayao, especially in Castle in the Sky (1986) and Porco Rosso (1992). The experiences of anime tourists were collected from images and texts shared through the social network Twitter.

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