scholarly journals Cost-benefit evaluation of different low NOx combustors of natural gas boilers in Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Penglai Zuo ◽  
Quanming Liang ◽  
Chenlong Wang ◽  
Jiajia Gao ◽  
Tao Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Low Nox Combustion

This study focuses on establishing a cost-benefit evaluation model of low NOx combustion technology and the environmental benefits and economic benefits evaluation of technology operation were carried out as well. Results showed that: (1) The operation cost per unit calorific supply of the low NOx combustor with larger capacity (14 MW) boilers was 1.5-2.1 yuan/GJ, which was 22.3% to 26.2% as much as that of boilers with smaller capacity (0.7 MW). Compared with scattered boilers with smaller capacity, it is more economical to use boilers with larger capacity for centralized heating. (2) The lower the NOx emission concentration was, the greater the NOx emission reduction was. Furthermore, the lower the NOx emission benefits of low NOx combustor per unit calorific supply was, the greater the economic benefit of NOx reduction per unit calorific supply was. Based on the environmental and economic benefits analysis, the lean premixed combustor is recommended for natural gas boilers with capacity of 7 MW and below, and flue gas recirculation combustor (FGR-30) could be selected for natural gas boilers with capacity above 7 MW to achieve the NOx retrofits requirements of 30 mg/m3 or 80 mg/m3.

Empirical study of comprehensive benefits for prefabricated buildings: A case study of Hefei city

2020 ◽  
pp. 002072092092846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Weishu ◽  
Zhang Beibei ◽  
Yang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Benefit Level ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
Comprehensive Benefit ◽  
Building Project

The emergence of prefabricated buildings is helpful to solve the problems of serious energy consumption and environmental pollution in traditional cast-in-place buildings. However, the current unclear benefits of prefabricated buildings have led to great constraints on its development in China. Therefore, in order to clarify the comprehensive benefit level of prefabricated buildings and promote the development of prefabricated buildings, the comprehensive benefits of prefabricated buildings are analyzed from four aspects of economy, environment, society, and security, and 19 evaluation indexes of economic benefits, environmental benefits, social benefits, and safety benefits of prefabricated buildings are selected from the life cycle dimension in this paper. The comprehensive benefits of prefabricated buildings are constructed by using set pair analysis theory. Finally, through the analysis of the prefabricated building project in Hefei, the feasibility of the model was verified, and comprehensive benefit level of prefabricated buildings in Hefei was further judged. This paper provides a feasible and operable evaluation model for the comprehensive benefit evaluation of prefabricated buildings and also provides a theoretical support for the development of prefabricated buildings.

The Quantitative Evaluation Research of Grid Planning Economy Based on Improved DEA Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 278-280 ◽  
pp. 2163-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Jin Chao Li ◽  
Zi Fa Liu ◽  
Zhi Dong Wang ◽  
Wei Shu Li
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Index System ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Grid Planning

To solve the problem for the complexity of the quantitative evaluation of grid planning economy, in accordance with the principle of cost-benefit analysis, and combined with the characteristics of UHV power grid, we construct an input-output index system which contains the planning costs, economic benefits, the benefits of interconnection, environmental benefits, social benefits and other benefits in this paper. And for the problem of comparison between unexpected output indicators and effective unit that exists in the index system, we improve the traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA), and build a quantitative evaluation model of grid planning economy based on the improved DEA model. Finally, use the data of the planning program of a UHV grid, to test and verify the established evaluation model. The results show that the model is reasonable and effective.

NOx Reduction Review on Fuel Alternative in Cement Kiln

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1626-1629
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Liu ◽  
Xiao Dong Chen ◽  
Jun Gu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Cement Kilns ◽  
Low Nitrogen

The paper first discusses the relativity between alternative combustion andNOx emissions by a test in dry cement kiln, and a lot of case on fuel alternative The main findings of the study are that the use of RDF in cement kilns instead of coal or coke offers environmental benefits and reduce NOx emission. The conclusion is that the NOx generation can probably be lower because of lower flame temperatures or lower air excess and low nitrogen content in comparison with fossil fuels also is impartment reason., another a fact that most of the nitrogen (N) in biomass is released as ammonia (NH3) which acts as a reducing agent with NOx to form nitrogen (N2).

Application of Reburning for NOx Control to a Firetube Package Boiler

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mulholland ◽  
W. S. Lanier
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Boiler Load ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Dominant Process ◽  
Nox Control

A 730 kW (2.5 × 106 Btu/hr) firetube package boiler was used to demonstrate the application of reburning for NOx emission control. An overall reduction of 50 percent from an uncontrolled NOx emission of 200 ppm was realized by diverting 15 percent of the total boiler load to a natural-gas-fired second stage burner. Tests indicate that the overall reaction order of destruction with respect to initial NOx is greater than one; thus, larger reductions can be expected from reburning applications to systems with higher initial NOx. Rich zone stoichiometry has been identified as the dominant process variable. Primary zone stoichiometry and rich zone residence time are parameters that can be adjusted to maximize NOx reduction. Reburning applied to firetube package boilers requires minimal facility modification. Natural gas would appear to be an ideal reburning fuel as nitrogen in the reburning fuel has been shown to inhibit NOx reduction.

Cost–benefit evaluation of a decentralized water system for wastewater reuse and environmental protection

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1515-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chen ◽  
X. C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
The Cost

This paper proposed a net benefit value (NBV) model for cost–benefit evaluation of wastewater treatment and reuse projects, and attention was mainly paid to decentralized systems which are drawing wide interests all over the world especially in the water-deficient countries and regions. In the NBV model, all the factors related to project costs are monetary ones which can be calculated by using traditional methods, while many of the factors related to project benefits are non-monetary ones which need sophisticated methods for monetization. In this regard, the authors elaborated several methods for monetization of the benefits from wastewater discharge reduction, local environment improvement, and human health protection. The proposed model and methods were applied for the cost–benefit evaluation of a decentralized water reclamation and reuse project in a newly developed residential area in Xi'an, China. The system with dual-pipe collection and grey water treatment and reuse was found to be economically ineligible (NBV > 0) when all the treated water is reused for artificial pond replenishment, gardening and other non-potable purposes by taking into account the benefit of water saving. As environmental benefits are further considered, the economic advantage of the project is more significant.

From performance measurement to learning: a new source of government overload?

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny M Lewis ◽  
Peter Triantafillou
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Over the last few decades accountability has accommodated an increasing number of different political, legal and administrative goals. This article focuses on the administrative aspect of accountability and explores the potential perils of a shift from performance measurement to learning. While this is inherently positive in its intentions, we argue that it might constitute a new source of government overload. We propose four explanations for why this may be so. First, a learning approach is more likely to supplement than replace performance management. Second, more rather than less data will be needed to comply with accountability requirements, because of the first point. Third, the costs of compliance are likely to increase because learning requires more participation and dialogue. Fourth, accountability as learning may generate a ‘change for the sake of change’ mentality, creating further government overload. We conclude with some comments on limiting the undesirable consequences of such a move. Points for practitioners Public administrators need to identify and weigh the (human, political and economic) benefits and costs of accountability regimes. While output-focused performance measurement regimes increase transparency and improve value for money in many cases, there are also undesirable side-effects. Accountability regimes attuned to learning appear conducive to quality improvement, but may also become new sources of government overload. This article examines the potential problems of such a move, and considers how these possible perils might be limited by managers and practitioners. Public managers must ask themselves just how much accountability is actually necessary. More specifically, they may want to delimit the scope of the accountability regimes employed, undertake a cost–benefit evaluation of these, and consult those subjected to such regimes, in order to ensure a suitable design.

Development of a Dry Low NOx Combustor for Dual Gaseous Fuels of Natural Gas and Petroleum Gas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Asai ◽  
Keisuke Miura ◽  
Kazuki Abe ◽  
Yoshinori Matsubara ◽  
Tomomi Koganezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Low Nox Combustion ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) will be suitable for satisfying part of the growing global energy demands. The widespread utilization of LPG as a gas turbine fuel for power generation requires an advanced combustor that achieves dry low nitrogen oxides (NOx) combustion and flashback-resistant combustion. This paper describes the development of a “multi-cluster combustor” as an advanced dry low NOx and flashback-resistant combustion technology for dual gaseous fuels of natural gas and petroleum gas. The dual gaseous fuel capability will contribute to expanding fuel flexibility. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of the dual gaseous fueled combustion with the multi-cluster combustor with the same configuration. The combustor was tested in a single-can combustor test stand at medium pressure with both fuels. In the tests, natural gas consisted mainly of methane with a content of over 90 vol.%, and petroleum gas consisted almost entirely of propane. The test results showed that the combustor achieves dry low NOx combustion of both fuels within their stable ranges without flashback. This paper concluded from the test results that the multi-cluster combustor possesses the potential capability to achieve dry low NOx and flashback-resistant combustion of dual gaseous fuels of natural gas and petroleum gas. As the next step, further tests will be required with petroleum gas including butane and for high pressure conditions.

Evaluation of the efficiency of using individual biogas plants for processing biowaste of peasant farms

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Natalia Pryshliak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Biogas Plants

The purpose of the article is to determine the prospects for the introduction of biogas technologies by households in Ukraine and the energy, economic and environmental benefits from their use. Research methods. Dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena, analysis and synthesis were used - to study the current state of waste accumulation by households; empirical - for a comprehensive assessment of the current state of household provision; scientific abstraction - to summarize the results, form conclusions and determine the prospects for biogas production in peasant households in Ukraine. Research results. The analysis of the main characteristics of households in Ukraine is carried out and the prerequisites for organizing the production of biogas by households are determined. According to the assessment of household income and expenses, it was determined that the costs of housing and communal services tend to grow. In addition, the prices for natural gas for the population will also grow, thus replacing natural gas with biogas of our own production becomes especially relevant. The potential of biogas production from household waste in Ukraine has been analyzed. The positive economic and environmental factors of the construction of individual biogas plants for rural residents are characterized. A number of measures have been proposed to facilitate the construction of individual biogas plants. The positive effects of waste and wastewater utilization have been determined. Proposals have been formulated for the development of individual biogas plants in Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The advantages of biogas production in individual biogas plants from biowaste in Ukraine have been substantiated. The economic benefits of biogas production by households are presented. Possible obstacles for the construction of individual biogas plants are considered. Practical significance. The applied significance of the results is considered as the basis for the formation of a strategy for the production of biofuels from agricultural crops and waste in Ukraine. Tabl.: 6. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 13.

Preliminary Computation on NOx Emission Reduction for Different Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jobaidur R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Wet Compression ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion ◽  
Lower Temperature

Wet compression is an enhancing tool for power augmentation in land based gas turbine system. One of the advantages of wet compression is NOx reduction. High exhaust temperature (in the range of 1300 and 1400 K) from combustion chamber is responsible for NOx generation. High amount of NOx causes acid rain in the industrial area, which is a big concern. As wet compression reduces NOx emission, it is very important to validate this fact. Comparison needs to be made between the combustion of natural gas (methane mainly) with the combustion of same with air in reduced temperature with the presence of water vapor. As a preliminary step of this, NOx emission needs to be modelled with proper prediction of it in a natural gas combustion environment. As a preliminary study, a simple rectangular geometry is considered here. Result shows that NOx emission is reduced with lower temperature, which needs to be validated further.

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