Application of Reburning for NOx Control to a Firetube Package Boiler

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mulholland ◽  
W. S. Lanier
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Boiler Load ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Dominant Process ◽  
Nox Control

A 730 kW (2.5 × 106 Btu/hr) firetube package boiler was used to demonstrate the application of reburning for NOx emission control. An overall reduction of 50 percent from an uncontrolled NOx emission of 200 ppm was realized by diverting 15 percent of the total boiler load to a natural-gas-fired second stage burner. Tests indicate that the overall reaction order of destruction with respect to initial NOx is greater than one; thus, larger reductions can be expected from reburning applications to systems with higher initial NOx. Rich zone stoichiometry has been identified as the dominant process variable. Primary zone stoichiometry and rich zone residence time are parameters that can be adjusted to maximize NOx reduction. Reburning applied to firetube package boilers requires minimal facility modification. Natural gas would appear to be an ideal reburning fuel as nitrogen in the reburning fuel has been shown to inhibit NOx reduction.

Fuel Oil Reburning Application for NOx Control to Firetube Package Boilers

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mulholland ◽  
R. E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Boiler Load ◽  
Residual Fuel Oil ◽  
Nox Control ◽  
Percent Nitrogen

Two pilot-scale (0.73 MW or 2.5 × 106 Btu/hr) firetube package boilers were retrofitted for fuel oil reburning application for NOx emission control. When firing distillate fuel oil (0.01 percent nitrogen content), an overall NOx reduction of 46 percent from an uncontrolled emission of 125 ppm (dry, at zero percent O2) was realized by diverting 20 percent of the total boiler load to a second stage burner; a 51 percent NOx reduction from 265 ppm was achieved in a distillate/residual fuel oil mixture (0.14 percent nitrogen content) reburning application. Nitrogen-free fuel oil reburning was found to be slightly more effective at reducing NOx than was natural gas reburning, although longer fuel-rich zone residence times were required to allow for evaporation and mixing of the fuel oil droplets. Key parameters investigated which impact the reburning process were: primary flame NOx, reburn zone stoichiometry, and reburn zone residence time. Reburning applied to firetube package boilers requires minimal facility modification. Reburning can be coupled with other NOx control techniques (e.g., distributed air low NOx burners) to achieve NOx emissions of less than 100 ppm. However, for very low primary flame NOx conditions (i.e., less than 200 ppm), reburning fuel nitrogen content is a limiting factor, and reburning with a low-nitrogen-content fuel, such as natural gas or nitrogen-free distillate oil, may be necessary to achieve 50 percent NOx reduction.

IGR Solid-State Electrochemical NOx Control for Natural Gas Combustion Exhaust Gases

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hossain ◽  
M. Neyman ◽  
W. J. Cook ◽  
A. Z. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Electrochemical Technology ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion ◽  
Nox Control

Solid-state electrochemical technology, embodied in the IGR process, is used to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) to nitrogen and oxygen, and thereby control NOx emissions from natural gas powered engines. The IGR deNOx process is based on solid-state, flow-through, high surface area, porous oxygen ion conductive ceramic electrolytes. Recent bench-scale experiments conducted for the Gas Research Institute have demonstrated NOx reduction in multicomponent gas streams, the inert portion of which simulate natural gas combustion products. The reduction products were analyzed by in situ gas chromatography to verify NOx reduction rates inferred from electrochemical measurements. IGR process advantages compared with existing NOx control technologies are reviewed.

Emission Control Technology for Stationary Natural Gas Engines

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Urban ◽  
H. E. Dietzmann ◽  
E. R. Fanick
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
The Status ◽  
Nox Control

This paper summarizes the status of NOx emission control technology for stationary reciprocating natural gas engines. It provides information on most of the known methods of NOx control for natural gas engines that are in use, are being considered for use, or may be considered for use.

Preliminary Computation on NOx Emission Reduction for Different Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jobaidur R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Wet Compression ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion ◽  
Lower Temperature

Wet compression is an enhancing tool for power augmentation in land based gas turbine system. One of the advantages of wet compression is NOx reduction. High exhaust temperature (in the range of 1300 and 1400 K) from combustion chamber is responsible for NOx generation. High amount of NOx causes acid rain in the industrial area, which is a big concern. As wet compression reduces NOx emission, it is very important to validate this fact. Comparison needs to be made between the combustion of natural gas (methane mainly) with the combustion of same with air in reduced temperature with the presence of water vapor. As a preliminary step of this, NOx emission needs to be modelled with proper prediction of it in a natural gas combustion environment. As a preliminary study, a simple rectangular geometry is considered here. Result shows that NOx emission is reduced with lower temperature, which needs to be validated further.

Low-Cost NOx Reduction Retrofit for Pump Scavenged Compressor Engines

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Balles ◽  
R. C. Peoples
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Nox Control ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Implementation Plans

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and the resulting individual State Implementation Plans will require many natural gas pipeline operators to install NOx reduction equipment on existing compressor station engines. A program was undertaken to develop lower cost NOx control options for these engines as compared to traditional techniques. The initial work, described in this paper, focused on the development of a low-cost retrofit package for Cooper-Bessemer GMV and GMV-TF pump scavenged integral compressor engines. The retrofit concept relied on highly dilute combustion to achieve low engine-out NOx emission rates. A significant portion of the effort concentrated on low-cost methods for delivering the required air charge and ignition enhancements to achieve reliable and robust combustion. The prototype retrofit kit has been installed on a GMV-6 in gas compressor service. Performance results showed a 70 percent reduction in NOx emission rates without a corresponding increase in HC emission rates.

The Interrelationship between Soot and Fuel NOx Control in Gas Turbine Combustors

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Blazowski ◽  
A. F. Sarofim ◽  
J. C. Keck
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Conversion ◽  
Nox Control

The decreased hydrogen content of future fuels will lead to increased formation of soot, while increased organically bound nitrogen in the fuel can result in excessive NOx emission. Control concepts for these two problems are in conflict: prevention of soot requires leaner operation while control of emissions from fuel nitrogen requires fuel-rich operation. However, recent results of two DOE research programs point to both processes having a major dependence on “hydrocarbon breakthrough.” Control of both fuel nitrogen conversion and soot formation can be achieved by primary zone operation at equivalence ratios just below that for hydrocarbon breakthrough. This paper reviews the evidence for the importance of hydrocarbon breakthrough, explains our current understanding of why hydrocarbon breakthrough is important, and offers suggestions of how these results might be applied.

NOx Reduction in Gas Turbine Combustors With Compact Non-Premixed Flame Front

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Tsatiashvili ◽  
V. G. Avgustinovich
Keyword(s):  
Flame Front ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Premixed Flame ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Index Reduction ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Low Emission

This paper represents results of R&D efforts towards reducing a bypass turbofan engine NOx emission by 45 % compared with CAEP/6 to meet the ICAO NOx emission goal of 2020. To achieve ICAO NOx technology goal, a new approach is used based on the NOx emission reduction in combustors with non-premixed combustion well proved in operation. The new approach is represented by structured system of low emission combustion principles — a concept of combustor featuring compact non-premixed flame (CNPF). The essence of CNPF concept is in suppression of volume and surface NOx formation sources by flame front blocking in liner primary zone and by increasing of fuel effective burning rate. The paper represents the development of concept up to and including the 4th technology maturity level. It demonstrates CNPF concept independence and interaction with other up-to-date gas turbine low emission concepts. The paper indicates comparison of rig test results between in-service combustor and CNPF adopted combustors carried out on a single liner. A CNPF adopted combustor shows NOx emission index reduction by 35 …47 % at take-off engine conditions. Preliminary estimation shows that it is possible to reach the ICAO goal for NOx emission level of 2020.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit evaluation of different low NOx combustors of natural gas boilers in Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Penglai Zuo ◽  
Quanming Liang ◽  
Chenlong Wang ◽  
Jiajia Gao ◽  
Tao Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Low Nox Combustion

This study focuses on establishing a cost-benefit evaluation model of low NOx combustion technology and the environmental benefits and economic benefits evaluation of technology operation were carried out as well. Results showed that: (1) The operation cost per unit calorific supply of the low NOx combustor with larger capacity (14 MW) boilers was 1.5-2.1 yuan/GJ, which was 22.3% to 26.2% as much as that of boilers with smaller capacity (0.7 MW). Compared with scattered boilers with smaller capacity, it is more economical to use boilers with larger capacity for centralized heating. (2) The lower the NOx emission concentration was, the greater the NOx emission reduction was. Furthermore, the lower the NOx emission benefits of low NOx combustor per unit calorific supply was, the greater the economic benefit of NOx reduction per unit calorific supply was. Based on the environmental and economic benefits analysis, the lean premixed combustor is recommended for natural gas boilers with capacity of 7 MW and below, and flue gas recirculation combustor (FGR-30) could be selected for natural gas boilers with capacity above 7 MW to achieve the NOx retrofits requirements of 30 mg/m3 or 80 mg/m3.

Water Addition in Diesel Engine Intake for NOx Reduction: Comparison of Modeling and Experiments

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Tamma ◽  
Juan Carlos Alvarez ◽  
Aaron J. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Influence Of Water

Reduction in emissions, especially NOx has been the main study of various engine researchers in the light of stringent emission norms. To reduce the time and cost involved in testing these technologies, engine thermodynamic cycle predictive tools are used. The present work uses one such predictive tool (GT Power from Gamma Technologies) for predicting the influence of water addition in a turbocharged 6-cylinder diesel engine intake on engine performance and NOx emissions. The experiments for comparison with modeling included the introduction of liquid water in the engine intake stream, between the compressor and intercooler ranging from 0 to 100% of fuel flow rate. NOx emission reduced linearly with water addition with reduction of 63% with less than 1% penalty on fuel efficiency at 100% water addition. The GT Power model predicted the performance within 5% of experimental data and NOx emission within 10% of the experiments.

NOx Reduction Review on Fuel Alternative in Cement Kiln

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1626-1629
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Liu ◽  
Xiao Dong Chen ◽  
Jun Gu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Cement Kilns ◽  
Low Nitrogen

The paper first discusses the relativity between alternative combustion andNOx emissions by a test in dry cement kiln, and a lot of case on fuel alternative The main findings of the study are that the use of RDF in cement kilns instead of coal or coke offers environmental benefits and reduce NOx emission. The conclusion is that the NOx generation can probably be lower because of lower flame temperatures or lower air excess and low nitrogen content in comparison with fossil fuels also is impartment reason., another a fact that most of the nitrogen (N) in biomass is released as ammonia (NH3) which acts as a reducing agent with NOx to form nitrogen (N2).

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