scholarly journals Content of heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the wastewater of the processing enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Olga Kovaleva ◽  
Natalia Sannikova ◽  
Oleg Ilyasov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
Separate Fragment ◽  
Processing Enterprise ◽  
Increasing Load

Wastewater contains stable and unstable pollutants. In the process of self-cleaning, a large amount of bottom sediments accumulates, especially in artificially created storage ponds. As a result of the increasing load on this type of water bodies and the accumulation of bottom sediments, the self-purification ability is sharply reduced, which entails an additional load on the environment. The use of bottom sediments for biological reclamation is allowed after the establishment of the hazard class in accordance with the current regulatory documents and taking measures to neutralize them. The purpose of this separate fragment of work was to study the total content of heavy metals in the bottom sediments of storage ponds of a milk processing enterprise and determine the possibility of their further use. As a result of the data obtained, it can be concluded that the lead content was 14.6-17.3 mg/kg, depending on the depth of the bottom sediment sampling layer. At a sampling depth of 0.5-1.0 meters, the lead content was maximum and exceeded the clarke values of the element by 8.1%. There is a 2 time excess of the clarke values for cadmium at a depth of 1.0-1.5 meters. Indicators for zinc and copper were 12.4-14.1 mg/kg and 5.9-9.8 mg/kg, respectively, and did not go beyond the threshold limits of the compared values. The research results allow concluding that the bottom sediments of the storage ponds of the milk processing enterprise are not toxic. Therefore, they can be used in the composition of soil.

scholarly journals Behaviour and distribution of heavy metals at the boundary of “water-bottom sediments” in mouth zones of rivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Anna Mikhailenko ◽  
Irina Dotsenko ◽  
Asya Ovsepyan ◽  
Alina Zimovets
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
Mouth Zone

The aquatic elementary landscapes of the Don and Northern Dvina Rivers mouth zones as arenas of mass transfer of heavy metals (HM) are studied. The results of long-term comprehensive studies of the authors, which included sampling of water and the upper layer of bottom sediments in order to determine the content of mercury, copper, methane, hydrogen sulfide, as well as pH and Eh values, are presented. According to the type of prevailing geochemical conditions and the level of anthropogenic impact, natural, man-made and natural-anthropogenic aquatic elementary landscapes are distinguished. The bottom water layers in both rivers were characterized by positive Eh values, but it should be noted that they were generally relatively low for surface watercourses. According to the values of the redox potential and the hydrogen index, the methane content and the total hydrogen sulfide, the presence of the following conditions is proved – oxygen, gley, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen-gley and gley-hydrogen sulfide. At the water - sediment interface, in most cases, there was a decrease in pH values by the first tenths of the values, while Eh usually decreased quite sharply, often to negative values. In terms of methane content, the bottom sediments of the aquatic elementary landscapes of the Don and Northern Dvina rivers were similar, while the concentration of total hydrogen sulfide was higher in the Don. It is shown that in the mouth zone of the Don and Northern Dvina rivers, in areas subject to constant organic pollution and eutrophication, there is an increase in the total content of mercury and copper in the bottom sediments. Higher concentrations of gross mercury will generally be found in natural and anthropogenic landscapes dominated by hydrogen sulfide and gley-hydrogen sulfide environments. The important role of microparticles of the polydisperse medium of bottom sediments in the deposition of copper and mercury is revealed.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL QUALITY OF ROADSIDE AREAS USED FOR GROWING CROPS

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
M. Y. Gаritskaya ◽  
T. N. Kholodilina ◽  
M. S. Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Class I ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Pollution Indicator

This paper presents data on the content of heavy metals in the road-side soils (transport lands) along the Orenburg-Orsk motorway and the Saraktash-Kuvandyk motorway in Orenburg Region, Russia. The objects of the study were two agricultural fields (wheat and barley) located between the motorway and the forest shelterbelt. The purpose of the study was to find the total content and the active form of heavy metals in the studied soils, to assess their quality by the degree of ecological adversity, and to determine the possibility of using them for cultivating crops. The comprehensive chemical pollution indicator (CCPI) and the ecotoxicological soil quality indicator (ESQI) were used to assess the ecological condition of the studied fields. The soil samples were tested to find the content of cadmium, zinc, lead, manganese, iron, copper, chromium, cobalt, and nickel. Cadmium had the highest active form percentage (9-17%) in the total heavy metal content in soils, sampled along the Saraktash-Kuvandyk motorway, while lead content was the highest (5.7-11.5%) in samples collected along the Orenburg-Orsk motorway. According to the CCPI and other established criteria, the entire territory along the motorways is in the critical environmental condition (16 < CCPI < 32), and the territory six meters away from the Orenburg-Orsk motorway is in the condition of environmental emergency (32 < CCPI < 128). The ESQI data was analyzed differentially for substances of various hazard classes. As for hazard class I metals, the environmental emergency has already developed throughout the territory under study, except for the areas located six and sixteen meters from the Orenburg-Orsk motorway that are in the state of environmental disaster. Therefore, the analysis of the ecological state of the studied road-side areas showed that, by the total content of toxic hazard class I metals, they can be categorized as environmental emergency and environmental disaster zones, and crops, used for producing foodstuff and livestock feed, must not be cultivated in these fields.

Content of the Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments of the Ingulets River

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Malakhov ◽  
A. O. Bobko ◽  
T. M. Aliokhina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments

INFLUENCE OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE SEREPOK RIVER (VIETNAM) ON ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ORGANS OF FISH

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Ngo The Cuong ◽  
Tran Hoan Quoc ◽  
Svetlana Vasilievna Zolotokopova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Sarotherodon Galilaeus ◽  
Water Bottom

The article focuses on the study of change of containing heavy metals (zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, lead, arsenic) in the abiotic and biotic components of the Serepok river (Vietman) influenced by wastewater discharge from industrial areas. Heavy metal content was determined in the river water and bottom sediments in the four zones: above and within the boundaries of industrial regions Xoa Phu and Tam Thang and in two water reservoirs situated below the boundaries of those industrial areas. Tilapia Galilean ( Sarotherodon galilaeus ), Hemibagrus ( Hemibagrus ), and sazan ( Cyprinus carpio ) caught in these areas were the hydrobionts under study in which liver, gills, skeleton and muscles accumulation of heavy metals was detected. In the organs of fish caught in the river within industrial region, heavy metals concentration was 3-7 times higher. The greatest concentration of heavy metals was found in the liver and gills of fish caught in the boundaries of industrial regions, the least concentration was in the muscles. In most cases, significant correlation between heavy metal concentration in organs of fishes and in river water, bottom sediments has been revealed.

PROBLEM OF HEAVY METAL SURFACE SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION IN THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Derugina ◽  
N Derugina ◽  
А Grigoriev ◽  
A Grigoriev ◽  
Дарья Рябчук ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Sediment Contamination ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Slow Decline ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Neva Bay

This project defines the pre-industrial quantities of heavy metals in sediment sequences of the Late Holocene from the Eastern Gulf of Finland. A comparative analysis reveals differences and similarities in the current concentrations of heavy metals in bottom sediments and pre-industrial levels. It is found that the maximum concentrations of heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the Gulf of Finland and Neva Bay occurred in the period of 1950-1990. Since the 1990s, the trend has been a slow decline in the contamination levels; however, the concentrations of some heavy metals in bottom sediments remain high.

scholarly journals The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Marina Burachevskaya ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Vishnu Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Cu And Zn

The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

scholarly journals Analysis of Spatial Variability of River Bottom Sediment Pollution with Heavy Metals and Assessment of Potential Ecological Hazard for the Warta River, Poland

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Joanna Jaskuła ◽  
Mariusz Sojka ◽  
Michał Fiedler ◽  
Rafał Wróżyński
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Sediment Pollution ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Ecological Hazard ◽  
River Bottom

Pollution of river bottom sediments with heavy metals (HMs) has emerged as a main environmental issue related to intensive anthropopressure on the water environment. In this context, the risk of harmful effects of the HMs presence in the bottom sediments of the Warta River, the third longest river in Poland, has been assessed. The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the river bottom sediments collected at 24 sample collection stations along the whole river length have been measured and analyzed. Moreover, in the GIS environment, a method predicting variation of HMs concentrations along the whole river length, not at particular sites, has been proposed. Analysis of the Warta River bottom sediment pollution with heavy metals in terms of the indices: the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Metal Pollution Index (MPI), has proved that, in 2016, the pollution was heavier than in 2017. Assessment of the potential toxic effects of HMs accumulated in bottom sediments, made on the basis of Threshold Effect Concentration (TEC), Midpoint Effect Concentration (MEC), and Probable Effect Concentration (PEC) values, and the Toxic Risk Index (TRI), has shown that the ecological hazard in 2017 was much lower. Cluster analysis revealed two main groups of sample collection stations at which bottom sediments showed similar chemical properties. Changes in classification of particular sample collection stations into the two groups analyzed over a period of two subsequent years indicated that the main impact on the concentrations of HMs could have their point sources in urbanized areas and river fluvial process.

Research on the Morphological of Lead and Zinc in the Smelting Slag

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Lin Yu ◽  
Dong Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Smelting Slag ◽  
Reducible Fraction

In this paper analysed the forms of heavy metals (Zn Pb Cd and As) of the Smelting Slag for Lead and Zinc,using BCR sequential extraction. Different chemical morphological of heavy metals have different activity and harmfulness. Migration and Utilization of heavy metals were decided by the existent form of heavy metals in the soil,which influenced Bioactivity and Toxicity. The results show that the main forms of Zn and Cd are Oxidizable and Residual fraction, and Pb mainly occurred in Oxidizable and Reducible fraction. however, As mainly occurred in Residual fraction, which the percentage of reachs 99.56%. According to the percentage of fractions extracted in total content (As is 0.44%, Zn is 14.7%, Pb is 85.98%, Cd is 48.86%),the latent ecological risk of heavy metals varied in the descending order of,Pb Cd Zn and As.

The distribution of lead, zinc, and chromium in fractions of bottom sediments in the Narew River and its tributaries

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Skorbiłowicz ◽  
Elżbieta Skorbiłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Sediment Pollution ◽  
Lead Zinc

The distribution of lead, zinc, and chromium in fractions of bottom sediments in the Narew River and its tributariesThe purpose of the paper was to evaluate the distribution of lead, zinc and chromium contents in different grain fractions of bottom sediments in the Narew River and some of its tributaries. This study also aimed to determine which fractions are mostly responsible for bottom sediment pollution. The studies of the Narew and its tributaries (the Supraśl, Narewka, and Orlanka) were conducted in September 2005 in the upper Narew catchment area. The analyzed bottom sediments differed regarding grain size distribution. The studies revealed the influence of the percentage of particular grain fractions present on the accumulation of heavy metals in all bottom sediments.

Detection of Glass in Soft Tissue by X-ray

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-480
Author(s):  
Alvin H. Felman ◽  
Mary S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Glass Fragment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unknown Type

The widely held concept that glass must contain lead or other heavy metals to be seen radiographically is invalid; all glass, regardless Fig. 1. Fragment of unknown type of glass. Removed surgically. of type or lead content, is radiopaque and should be visible on a properly exposed and positioned radiograph. By varying the position and obliquity of the part to be x-rayed, the glass fragment may be thrown free of overlying structures. It is apparent that the chances of demonstrating glass on a radiograph will depend to some extent on the relative size of the fragment to that of the part examined, but the density of any fragment should be sufficient to differentiate it from surrounding tissue. In the usual clinical situation wherein one must decide on the presence or absence of glass in soft tissue, a properly positioned and exposed radiograph should provide the answer. see pdf for figures

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