scholarly journals The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Marina Burachevskaya ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Vishnu Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Cu And Zn

The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

scholarly journals The origin and population dynamics of annually re-occurring Paratanytarsus grimmii (Diptera: Chironomidae) colonising granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorbers used in potable water treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Olsen ◽  
B.S.C. Leadbeater ◽  
M.E. Callow ◽  
J.B. Holden ◽  
J.S. Bale
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potable Water Treatment

AbstractVarious sampling techniques were employed to study the population dynamics and identify the origin of annually re-occurring infestations of Paratanytarsus grimmii in granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorbers. Larvae overwintered in all adsorbers studied and are the main source of endemic persistent infestations. Significant differences in larval densities were identified between the down-flow cell (mean of 61 larvae per 0.3 l of GAC) and the up-flow cell (mean of 14 larvae per 0.3 l of GAC) of each adsorber. Larvae were distributed uniformly with no significant difference in density at any depth through the 2-m carbon column. Application of anaerobic treatment as a control measure was ineffective at low temperatures due to a slow down in chironomid metabolism. During summer months, ovipositing females have access to all locations within the GAC adsorber building by flight, leading to immediate re-colonisation of anaerobically-treated adsorbers. Regeneration of GAC in individual cells served only to reduce larval numbers but not remove them completely, particularly when only one of the two cells is regenerated at any one time.

scholarly journals The Study of Concentrations of Some Heavy Metals in Relation to Size of Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Herklots, 1857) in Asejire Lake, Oyo State, Southwest Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayomi Jimoh ◽  
Abiodun Ojesanmi ◽  
Rasaq Olowu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Cu And Zn

Introduction: Heavy metals are useful for essential animal tissue metabolism; however, when these metals exist beyond the permissible limits, they cause ecological damage and constitute threat to human health. Freshwater prawns, including Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, are bio-indicators of metal pollution. M. vollenhovenii is an important source of protein and abundant in the Asejire Lake, which serves as a major source of drinking water to people living around the Lake. Aims: This study was therefore designed to examine the concentrations of some heavy metals (Mn, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) in water, sediment and different sizes of Macrobrachium vollenhovenii in Asejire Lake, southwest Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Quarterly sampling of M. vollenhovenii, water and sediment was conducted on Asejire Lake in the months of November, February and May. Analysis of the selected heavy metals in the various samples was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF) of the metals were also determined. Results: Heavy metals concentration in prawns was in this order: Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb > Cd. Ranked mean concentration of heavy metals in different prawn sizes was large > small > medium. There was no significant difference, at p > 0.05, among heavy metals concentrations in different prawn sizes, except in Cadmium. Pb, Cu and Zn were detected in water, while all the five metals were detected in sediment. Large prawns bioaccumulated the most heavy metals while medium prawns bioaccumulated the least. Cu was the most bioaccumulated heavy metal. Concentrations of Mn, Pb, Cu and Cd were above the FAO limit for prawn; concentrations of Cu and Zn in water were below the WHO limit, while Pb was above the limit. Concentrations of heavy metals in sediment were lower than the FAO limit. Conclusion: These results suggest that prawns and water from Asejire Lake are not safe for human consumption, and it is recommended that proper managerial policy be put in place to check the influx of these metals into the Lake. Keywords: Heavy Metals, Size, Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, Asejire Lake

Graphene, electrospun membranes and granular activated carbon for eliminating heavy metals, pesticides and bacteria in water and wastewater treatment processes

The Analyst ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (23) ◽  
pp. 5629-5645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piumie Rajapaksha P. ◽  
Aoife Power ◽  
Shaneel Chandra ◽  
James Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Electrospun Membranes ◽  
Water And Wastewater

The availability of safe water has a significant impact on all parts of society, its growth and sustainability, both politically and socioeconomically.

Removal of heavy metals from landfill leachate using zero valent iron and granular activated carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Bilardi ◽  
Paolo Salvatore Calabrò ◽  
Rosa Greco ◽  
Nicola Moraci
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

scholarly journals DETERMINING HEAVY METALS IN MUSHROOM SAMPLES BY STRIPPING VOLT-AMMETRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kupchyk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Living Organisms

Industrial cultivation of mushrooms in Ukraine in recent years has been developing at a rather high pace. A promising consumer of Ukrainian mushrooms may be the European Union market. But mushrooms are not delivered there in significant volumes due to quite high requirements for the product quality. From the biosphere, heavy metals can enter the mushrooms and make them potentially dangerous for people. The content of heavy metals: zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper in edible mushrooms (ceps, chanterelles, butter mushrooms, saffron milk-caps, and champignons) has been studied by using the stripping voltammetry method after the destruction of the matrix of mushroom samples. Sample preparation was done by the method of “wet” mineralisation with oxidising mixtures of various compositions using inorganic acids (nitrate, chloride, sulfate), and an oxidiser – hydrogen peroxide. Besides, dry ashing was used. As a result of the experiment, it has been found that the most effective method of extracting the ions of heavy metals and ensuring the accuracy of the analysis is sample preparation using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The concentrations of the metals under analysis are calculated on the dry basis (mg/kg). The concentrations found for bioelements that are contained in enzymes in living organisms (zinc, copper, and toxic elements – lead and cadmium), are within the range of 51.3–72.9; 3.0–10.3; 0.2–1.32, and 0.06–0.33 mg/kg, respectively. Thus, by arranging the samples of the mushrooms under study in ascending order by the specified total content of heavy metals, we obtain the following series: ceps – butter mushrooms – chanterelles – saffron milk caps – champignons. Besides, the relative error of analysis has been calculated, and the replicability of the selected research method has been estimated. Thus, the method of stripping voltammetry can be applied in quantitative determination of heavy metals in mushroom samples.

scholarly journals SORPTION OF HEAVY METALS FROM POLLUTED WATER AND THEIR MIGRATION IN THE SYSTEM SOIL‐TREE

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatas Butkus ◽  
Edita Baltrenaite ◽  
Dainius Paliulis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Outer Atmosphere

Large amounts of various contaminants are transported via natural processes from technogenic pollution sources to air, water, soil and natural ecosystems. Heavy metals (HM) are very hazardous substances having long‐lasting impact on ecosystems. They have complex negative impact on human health, animals, flora and fauna at watercourses and microflora of wastewater. Often concentration of HM exceeds maximal available concentration in wastewater. HM enter forests in their wet and dry forms from local or outer atmosphere sources; they are also brought from seas alongside with biogens and sea salt or washed from putrid or putrescent plants that concentrate in the soil or they are brought by wind or water together with mineral particles. Monitoring of forests determined that contaminants, i e HM inhibit energetic status of a tree and cause increase of tree sensitivity to diseases. In this paper the most commonly met HM, such as Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu and Co, are analysed. Pollution with HM can be reduced, if HM are accumulated by plants or absorbed by porous substances. Natural or synthetic sorbents due to their high sorption capacity, selectivity, the properties of cation exchangeability, a low price and affordability are used to remove HM from wastewater. We investigated activated carbon (AC) CKT and activated carbon (AC) UPA. The results of the investigation show that AC UPA cannot sorb HM and another sorbent ‐ AC CKT ‐ cannot sorb HM too. The transfer factor of HM from the soil to pine and birch trees was calculated, and the concentration of HM was determined in pine and birch wood, soil and polluted water. Samples of wood were burned, samples of soil were dried, and those of polluted water were analysed without special preparation. HM from wood and soil were extracted using a nitric acid solution. Samples of soil, wood and water were analysed with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer Buck Scientific 210VGP. It is determined that Ni and Mn are most effectively transferred from soil to both pine and birch wood, while Cu is less effective in accumulation in pine wood and Co ‐ in birch wood.

Adsorption Studies of Trimethoprim Antibiotic on Powdered and Granular Activated Carbon in Distilled and Natural Water

2018 ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Michael A. Opanga ◽  
Vincent O. Madadi ◽  
Shem O. Wandiga ◽  
Holiness M. Nose ◽  
Charles W. Mirikau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Micro Pollutants

Contamination of drinking water sources by Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) has raised concerns due to associated negative effects on the ecosystem, which include reproductive and hormonal malfunctions in some living organisms. In addition, occurrence of antibiotics in aquatic environment has been associated with development of antimicrobial resistance. However, the conventional water and wastewater treatment technologies are not effective at removing such organic micro-pollutants from the source waters, hence most of such contaminants find their way through the systems with minimal restrain. Hence accelerated effort to find technologies to enhance removal of recalcitrant organic micro-pollutants from the water and wastewater. The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of Trimethoprim (TMP) from natural water using Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) and Granular Activated Carbon (GAC). Adsorption experiments were conducted following batch process using natural water and distilled water. We also investigated the effect of pH changes on adsorption of TMP from the water. We obtained better performance for PAC in the removal of TMP compared to GAC. The removal efficiency decreased as a function of TMP concentrations in the aqueous solution. The optimal pH for adsorption was found to be 7, whereas pH values below or above 7 exhibited decreased adsorption of the antibiotic. There was no significant difference in the adsorption of TMP in both natural water and distilled water, which was attributed to limited organic matter in the natural water that was used.

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