scholarly journals Renewable energy sources in maintaining environmental stability on the Black Sea coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Mzia Diasamidze ◽  
Ana Shotadze
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Project Monitoring ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Relationship Of

The aim of this research is to study the main ecological parameters of the Black Sea in an experimental way as well as to evaluate the results and to draw conclusions. We aim at determining the cause of pollution of the sea area represented by the emissions from ships’ engines and pollution by surface waters. Our empirical part that included the field expeditions, sampling was carried out with the involvement of students within the framework of the internal grant research project “Monitoring of the Black Sea Ecological Status - Sea Water Quality Survey”. We studied the level of pollution of two rivers flowing into the Black Sea, Bartskhana and Kubistskali, and made relevant conclusions about the types of pollution, proper measurements and causal relationship of the causes of sea water pollution with the vessels entering the port of Batumi.

scholarly journals History and prospects of research of the Black Sea estuaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
V.O. YEMELIANOV ◽  
T.B. KULAHA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Individual

Black Sea estuaries are phenomenon of geological nature and are not only an important component of the Black Sea geoecosystem, but also they are important component of local and regional ecological, socioeconomic systems of the coastal territory of Ukraine. Affecting the livelihoods and wellbeing of the population of these systems, estuaries from ancient times have attracted the attention of researchers. Unfortunately, the ecological status of these reservoirs has been worsening over the last decades because of the complex of reasons that require comprehensive study, analysis, development and implementation of a specific system of action, which cannot be realized without knowing at least the major milestones in the history of the research of these unique formations. Based on the published materials, information on the history of studies of estuaries of the northwestern Black Sea coast has been systematized. The history of the research has been reproduced in chronological order for the largest estuaries of the Black Sea, taking into account the current level of their study and identifying the main problems regarding their ecological status. The article gives a brief description of the current conditions and status of the largest Black Sea estuaries and some facts from the history of their research. In order to preserve the natural value of estuaries for their further research and rational use, the authors propose to use the methodology, the basic component of which is the geoecosystem paradigm, and henceforth study each estuary as a complete geoecological system taking into account all its components (subsystems), elements and conditions, which affect the formation and functioning of all components and the system as a whole. Geoecosystem paradigm together with a certain ecological and economic approach will allow to study in detail the geoecological conditions of water area of estuaries and adjacent territories, to evaluate their geoecological systems in terms of the prospects for their provision of certain services to the individual and / or society. Geoecosystem paradigm also allows to draw conclusions on optimizing the use of resources of these estuaries.

scholarly journals GREEN KUBAN IN DAYS OF THE CIVIL WAR IN RUSSIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
S. M. Sivkov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vivid Description

In a review of military memoirs, I. G., Savchenko a brief description of the work, its relevance, reveals the controversial biography of the author of the memoirs, explains the importance of memories to the modern reader. The main events of memories takes place in the Kuban and black sea in 1920. The author of the memoir failed to disclose the difficult contradictions between the peasants of the black sea and Kuban Cossacks. Reveals position of a number of leaders polanskogo movement on relationships with General P. N. Wrangel and the Menshevik Georgia. Indicated the position of the leaders of the Kuban of the Bolsheviks in relation to military experts. Savchenko, in his memoirs touched on this little-known story of the civil war, how the relationship of red and green. Celebrated and complex relationship between the Kuban Rada and the General command of the Armed forces of South Russia. The book is a vivid description of the events of the era of the civil war in the Kuban and black sea coast. The author was able to objectively evaluate the changes that occurred in the camp of the red in three years of Civil war, including those associated with changes in the field of penal policy. However, in General, felt his negative attitude to the new government, the hope for her downfall in the next few years.

SEA-PORT CONSTRUCTION IMPACT ON LIMAN NATURE ALONG THE BLACK SEA COASTAL ENVIRONMENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р. Перерайс ◽  
R. Pererays
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
Wave Erosion ◽  
Port Construction

Construction of sea-ports in limanic aquathory along the Northern Black Sea coast have prefer impact on the coastal environment. Especially deep impact have liman bottom artificial deepening, liman slopes artificial reconstruction, navigate canals, jetties of different sizes, ground dumps etc. Typical examples are Odessa, Ill'ichevsk, Yuzhniy commercial sea-ports in northern sector of the Black Sea. On shores nearest Port Yuzhniy jetties was firstly employed new construction against sea wave erosion. This new artificial shore terrace, that consist of natural matherials, expressed as shore protection, purification of sea water, needless ground depot, new shore territory and squire for recreants simultaneous.

scholarly journals On river plumes along the Turkish coast of the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Andrey G. Kostianoy ◽  
Sergey A. Lebedev ◽  
Dmitry M. Soloviev ◽  
Yalcin Tepe
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
River Plumes ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Heavy Rains

Heavy rains have become a serious problem for the coastal zone of the Krasnodar Territory of the Russian Federation and the Black Sea coast of Turkey. They lead to a significant increase in water levels in rivers, flooding of villages and even large cities, damage to urban and tourist infrastructure, roads and railways, bridges, beaches, flushing of garbage and sewage into rivers. This leads to environmental problems and even loss of life. River runoff forms river plumes in the coastal zone of the sea, which, depending on wind speed and direction, speed and direction of coastal currents, river runoff and density difference with sea water, can have various forms and spread in different directions from the mouth of the river, as well as participate in mesoscale and sub-mesoscale circulation of coastal waters. River plumes significantly affect the quality of sea water and the sanitary and epidemiological situation on the beaches of the resort area of Krasnodar Territory and Turkey. The situation is aggravated by the fact that sewage systems are in poor condition in cities or are completely absent in most of small villages along rivers and the coastal zone. After heavy rains, wastewater very often reaches the sea and poses a serious threat to human health. The purpose of this study is to use satellite remote sensing to demonstrate the behavior of river plumes along the Black Sea Turkish coast.

scholarly journals Evaluation of recreational potential of Odesa Region’s beach zones

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
L. M. Poletayeva ◽  
O. Yu. Sapko ◽  
T. A. Safranov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
Tourist Flow

Among all the natural resources available in Odesa Region vacationists prefer beaches and associated entertainments. Quality and general ecological condition of the beaches in addition to the potential and actual beach capacity are key factors for tourist flow to Odesa Region and its socio-economic development. In order to substantiate the recreational and tourist development of the territory an economic and logistic evaluation of its resource base should be carried out. This will make it possible to determine an input tourist flow which dictates the volumes of required tourist infrastructure and material and technical facilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate recreational potential of Odesa Region’s beach zones. To achieve this, all main natural and anthropogenic factors determining the recreational potential of the coastal zone were analyzed. The study is also based on scientific researches in the field of recreational and tourist activities made by well-known experts, on the existing regulatory frameworks and results of the authors' own research works. For the first time, recreational capacity and logistic potential of Odesa Region’s beach zones were estimated. Based on this estimation multiple conclusions about the most promising areas for future development of the recreation sector were made. It was determined that favorable climatic conditions, considerable length of beaches and other natural and recreational resources allow us to speak about good prospects of the Odesa Region’s coastal zone for various forms of recreation including thalassotherapy. In fact, thalassotherapy opportunity (first of all, beach recreation) is a very important factor of attractiveness for vacationists visiting the Odesa Region’s coastal zone. According to our research, Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Tatarbunarskyi and Lymanskyi districts are the most promising ones for recreational development. The total capacity of the beaches here even exceeds the districts' own population. Conducted recreational zoning of the Odesa’s Black Sea coast established that, based on the natural recreational factors, out of 9 recreational microdistricts only 3 of them may be classified as favorable, with 5 being relatively favorable and 1 – completely unfavorable. But, from the perspective of sea water quality, some microdistricts (Luzanivskyi and Arkadiyskyi) do not meet sanitary standards during the period of intense precipitation. It was found that there is a need for expansion of beach areas as well as a need for regulation and redistribution of the recreational and tourist flow. In order to increase recreational attractiveness of Odesa Region, regional and city administrations should pay more attention to the ecological conditions of beach areas of the Black Sea coast. The obtained results may be used by the Department of Culture and Tourism of the Odesa Regional State Administration, divisions of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine in order to assess the recreational potential of the Odesa Region’s beach areas.

HYDROGEN FROM HYDROGEN SULPHIDE IN BLACK SEA

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
S. Z. Baykara ◽  
E. H. Figen ◽  
A. Kale ◽  
T. N. Veziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Hydrogen sulphide, an acid gas, is generally considered an environmental pollutant. As an industrial byproduct, it is produced mostly during fuel processing. Hydrogen sulphide occurs naturally in many gas wells and also in gas hydrates and gas-saturated sediments especially at the bottom of the Black Sea where 90% of the sea water is anaerobic.The anoxic conditions exist in the deepest parts of the basin since nearly 7300 years, caused by the density stratification following the significant influx of the Mediterranean water through the Bosphorous nearly 9000 years ago. Here, H2S is believed to be produced by sulphur reducing bacteria at an approximate rate of 10 000 tons per day, and it poses a serious threat since it keeps reducing the life in the Black Sea. An oxygen–hydrogen sulphide interface is established at 150–200 m below the surface after which H2S concentration starts increasing regularly until 1000 m, and finally reaches a nearly constant value of 9.5 mg/l around 1500 m depth.Hydrogen sulphide potentially has economic value if both sulphur and hydrogen can be recovered. Several methods are studied for H2S decomposition, including thermal, thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical and plasmochemical methods.In the present work, H2S potential in the Black Sea is investigated as a source of hydrogen, an evaluation of the developing prominent techniques for hydrogen production from H2S is made, and an engineering assessment is carried out regarding hydrogen production from H2S in the Black Sea using a process design based on the catalytic solar thermolysis approach. Possibility of a modular plant is considered for production at larger scale.

MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMICS OF THE LIMANIC BARRIERS ALONG THE BLACK SEA COAST UNDER ACTIVE ANTROPOGENOUS IMPACT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г. Выхованец ◽  
G. Vyhovanec
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

Typical coastal elements of limans and lagoons are barriers, that separate limanic aquatories from a Seas. On limanic shores structure of the Black Sea sand barriers represented three longitudinal landscape “zones”: sea beach (“frontal”), dune-aeolian and limanic (“back of the barrier”). They closely interactive between themselves under influence of lithodynamical exchanges of sediment. General tendency of the barriers dynamics is displacement to Land direction.

DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED METHANE IN SURFACE COASTAL WATERS OF THE NORTHEASTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
Alexander Izhitskiy ◽  
Alexander Izhitskiy ◽  
Alexander Egorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Dissolved Methane ◽  
Continental Runoff

Studying of methane formation and distribution in natural waters is important for understanding of biogeochemical processes of carbon cycle, searching for oil and gas sections and evaluation of CH4 emissions for investigations of greenhouse effect. The Black Sea is the largest methane water body on our planet. However, relatively low values of methane concentration (closed to equilibrium with the atmospheric air) are typical of the upper aerobic layer. At the same time, the distribution pattern of CH4 in surface waters of coastal areas is complicated by the influence of coastal biological productivity, continental runoff, bottom sources, hydrodynamic processes and anthropogenic effect. The investigation is focused on the spatial variability of dissolved methane in the surface layer of the sea in coastal regions affected by the continental runoff and anthropogenic pressure. Unique in situ data on methane concentrations were collected along the ship track on 2 sections between Sochi and Gelendzhik (2013, 2014) and 2 sections between Gelendzhik and Feodosia (2015). Overall 170 samples were obtained. Gas-chromatographic analysis of the samples revealed increase of CH4 saturation in the southeastern part of the Crimean shelf and the Kerch Strait area. Such a pattern was apparently caused by the influence of the Azov Sea water spread westward along the Crimean shore from the strait. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project 14-50-00095 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project 16-35-00156 mol_a.

LUMINESCENCE OF THE BLACK SEA MICROSCOPIC FUNGI CULTURES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Nadejda Kopytina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time

We studied for the first time luminescence characteristics of the some micromycetes, isolated from the bottom sediments of the Black sea from the 27 m depth. Luminescence parameters were registered at laboratory complex “Svet” using mechanical and chemical stimulations. Fungi cultures of genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium were isolated on ChDA medium which served as control. Culture of Penicillium commune gave no light emission with any kind of stimulation. Culture of Acremonium sp. has shown luminescence in the blue – green field of spectrum. Using chemical stimulation by fresh water we registered signals with luminescence energy (to 3.24 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.42 s, which 3 times exceeded analogous magnitudes in a group, stimulated by sea water (p < 0.05). Under chemical stimulation by ethyl alcohol fungi culture luminescence was not observed. Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus possessed the most expressed properties of luminescence. Stimulation by fresh water culture emission with energy of (3.35 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.96 s. Action of ethyl alcohol to culture also stimulated signals, but intensity of light emission was 3–4 times lower than under mechanical stimulation. For sure the given studies will permit not only to evaluate contribution of marine fungi into general bioluminescence of the sea, but as well to determine places of accumulation of opportunistic species in the sea.

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