Biotical cycle in single-crop sowing and mixed agrophytocenosis of forage crops

The biotic cycle is based on the assessment of chemical elements in the production, degradation processes, during the deposition and resynthesis of organic compounds. The biotic cycle of agrophytocenoses, in contrast to natural ecosystems, is characterized by a significant imbalance of macro- and microelements. One way of solving this problem is to approximate the composition and structure of agrophytocenoses to natural plant communities. The objective of the research was to investigate the biotic cycle of elements in single- and mixed-seeded crops of Galega orientalis Lam., Inula helenium L., Symphytum asperum Lepech., urtica dioica L. The research was conducted in the mountainous zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2015-2019 on grey forest soil. In mixed agrophytocenoses, the biotic balance becomes less negative compared to monoculture crops. The excess of consumption over the return of N, Ca, K, P to the soil averaged 3.96; 40.94; 334.02; 9.46 kg/ha, respectively, over 5 years. The inclusion of Galega orientalis in a mixture with nonlegurninous forage grasses increased the soil cultivation index from 0.87 to 0.90. The results show the high potential of a polyculture system based on the combined cultivation of legumes and non-legumes in increasing the sustainability of farming.

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Long-term dynamics and destruction of marsh vegetation in the Kolokolkova Bay of the Barents Sea

Vegetation of Russia ◽

10.31111/vegrus/2012.21.66 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 66-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

I. A. Lavrinenko ◽

O. V. Lavrinenko ◽

D. V. Dobrynin

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Mean Value ◽

Marsh Vegetation ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

The Mean ◽

Species Composition And Structure

The satellite images show that the area of marshes in the Kolokolkova bay was notstable during the period from 1973 up to 2011. Until 2010 it varied from 357 to 636 ha. After a severe storm happened on July 24–25, 2010 the total area of marshes was reduced up to 43–50 ha. The mean value of NDVI for studied marshes, reflecting the green biomass, varied from 0.13 to 0.32 before the storm in 2010, after the storm the NDVI decreased to 0.10, in 2011 — 0.03. A comparative analysis of species composition and structure of plant communities described in 2002 and 2011, allowed to evaluate the vegetation changes of marshes of the different topographic levels. They are following: a total destruction of plant communities of the ass. Puccinellietum phryganodis and ass. Caricetum subspathaceae on low and middle marches; increasing role of halophytic species in plant communities of the ass. Caricetum glareosae vic. Calamagrostis deschampsioides subass. typicum on middle marches; some changes in species composition and structure of plant communities of the ass. Caricetum glareosae vic. Calamagrostis deschampsioides subass. festucetosum rubrae on high marches and ass. Parnassio palustris–Salicetum reptantis in transition zone between marches and tundra without changes of their syntaxonomy; a death of moss cover in plant communities of the ass. Caricetum mackenziei var. Warnstorfia exannulata on brackish coastal bogs. The possible reasons of dramatic vegetation dynamics are discussed. The dating of the storm makes it possible to observe the directions and rates of the succession of marches vegetation.

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An innovative technical solution to the issue of conditioning forage grasses

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 901 (1) ◽

pp. 012049

Author(s):

S A Otroshko ◽

A V Shevtsov ◽

N D Sharikov

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Technical Solution ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Forage Production ◽

Meadow Fescue ◽

Forage Crops ◽

High Quality Protein ◽

Working Bodies

Abstract Acceleration of wilting of forage grasses treated during mowing by the working bodies of dynamic conditioners installed on disc mowers is a prerequisite for improving the quality of forage, primarily in terms of the concentration of high-quality protein, vitamins and other biologically active substances, as well as energy. The main working body of modern conditioning devices is a horizontal shaft rotating at a speed of 18-29 m / s with hinged beaters of various configurations placed on its surface, which ensure grass dragging along the surface of corrugated decks, through combs, etc. [1]. Such devices significantly increase the weight of the mowers, which increases their cost by about 1/3, and the use of an additional drive of the conditioner shaft leads to operational difficulties. In this regard, the search for innovative technical solutions aimed at improving this situation is a very urgent task. The article describes the design and principle of operation of a rotary conditioner with a vertical axis of rotation developed in Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology for the KR-2.1M mower of the “Agramak” company, the articulated beams of which are installed directly on its discs. The mower with an innovative conditioner was tested on a mixture of reed fescue with clover of the first cut and on tetraploid meadow fescue of the second. The yield of green mass, the composition of the herbage, its height and lodging, as well as the phase of development were determined in accordance with the guidelines for conducting field experiments with forage crops. The work of the mower was evaluated according to GOST 28722-90. The article presents data on the degree of damage to treated plants and the dynamics of the rate of their dehydration.

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Accumulation of heavy metals in birch and pine forest roadside phytocenoses in the south of Tyumen region

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011835 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 233-238

Author(s):

E. I. Popova

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Absorption Efficiency ◽

Pine Forests ◽

The South ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Complex Investigation ◽

Betula Pendula Roth ◽

The Stability

We conducted a complex investigation of anthropogenic roadside phytocoenoses. For the study, 8 plots (birch and pine forests) were selected, close to roads in the south of Tyumen region within the five administrative districts: Uporovsky, Zavodoukovsky, Yalutorovskiy, Yarkovsky, and Tobolsk. As a result of the studies, 75 species of vascular plants from 21 families were noted in the plant communities. It was found that the majority of the total projective cover of the plant communities was provided by synanthropic species. In the synanthropic fraction of the flora, 33 species belonging to 11 families were identified, those with the most species being: Scrophulariaceae, Compositeae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Umbellíferae. The index of synanthropization of the flora of the studied phytocenoses is in the range from 43% to 64%. Among the identified pollutants accumulated in the phytocenoses, the group of heavy metals was identified (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn). Needles of Pinus sylvestris L. mainly accumulate Cr, Cu, Ni, Sr. The greatest concentration of Pb and Zn was found in the leaves of Betula pendula Roth. The content of other heavy metals in the leaves of Betula pendula Roth. during the growing season was relatively stable. Accumulation of heavy metals in the studied components of forest ecosystems can be displayed structurally: soil > leaves < phytomass (birch forests), soil < needles > phytomass (pine forests). Methodological approaches to conducting a complex of long-term observations of natural ecosystems have been formulated, substantiated and justified. To evaluate the absorption efficiency of heavy metals, the biological absorption coefficient was calculated. The obtained results can be used as a control in the study of migration and accumulation of heavy metals and for assessing the degree of anthropogenic load on phytocenoses of roadside ecosystems and predict the extent of probable changes in them. The forecast of the results will facilitate the elaboration of a necessary system of measures aimed at increasing the stability of plant communities.

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The influence of waste pits on species composition and structure of raised bogs’ plant communities in the Middle Ob area

Contemporary Problems of Ecology ◽

10.1134/s199542551403010x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 363-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. A. Kozlov ◽

N. A. Avetov

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Raised Bogs ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Species Composition And Structure

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Effects of Antibiotics on Impacted Aquatic Environment Microorganisms

10.5772/intechopen.93910 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lívia Caroline Alexandre de Araújo ◽

Sivoneide Maria da Silva ◽

Rafael Artur de Queiroz Cavalcanti de Sá ◽

Ana Vitoria Araujo Lima ◽

Amanda Virginia Barbosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Mass Production ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Hospital Effluents

Due to their mass production and intense consumption in human medicine, veterinary, and aquaculture, antibiotics have been widely detected in different ecosystems, leading to a growing worldwide concern. These and their byproducts are being continuously discarded in natural ecosystems via excretion of human and animal urine and feces, also domestic and hospital effluents. Residues of these drugs can persist in natural environments through bioaccumulation due to their difficult biodegradation. Also, they have a gradual deposition in sediments, aquatic surfaces, and groundwater. Studies have shown the presence of these drugs in aquatic environments, which can trigger severe changes in the composition and structure of the bacterial community, such as the ability to develop and propagate genes resistant to these pollutants. In this context, this review aims to address the effects of the antibiotics on microorganisms present in impacted aquatic environments.

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Avena strigosa Schreb. in agrocoenoses of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu mesoregion

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2005.027 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 243-253

Author(s):

Janina Skrzyczyńska ◽

Zofia Rzymowska ◽

Piotr Stachowicz

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Soil Types ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Character Species ◽

The Poor ◽

Root Crops ◽

Avena Strigosa ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Phytosociological Relevés

The research on the localities of Avena strigosa and on its increased occurrence in agricultural crops of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu was carried out in 1994-1998. The documentation of this research consists of 600 phytosociological relevés and the floristic records. The paper presents the composition and structure of the field plant communities where Avena strigosa was found. It occurs frequently on various soil types of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu. However, on the area examined it was found just in small numbers, covering up to 5% of the area, while in the eastern part of the area an increase in its occurrence was observed. In the area of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu Avena strigosa occurred in spring cereals in the communities of Arnoserido-Scleranthetum and Vicietum tetraspermae as well as in the poor field communities, with the character species of Aperion spicae-venti and Panico-Setarion. Additionally, Avena strigosa was also found in the field communities of root crops belonging to Panico-Setarion alliance; however, it was present there just in small numbers.

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Diversity and Community Structure

10.1093/oso/9780198739135.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Karen J. Esler ◽

Anna L. Jacobsen ◽

R. Brandon Pratt

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Single Region ◽

Interacting Populations ◽

Different Types ◽

Community Types ◽

Desert Shrublands ◽

Similarities And Differences

Similar drivers across mediterranean-type climate (MTC) regions have selected for plants with comparable traits (Chapters 3 and 6). This has resulted in the assembly of MTC region plant communities (groups of interacting populations of organisms) that are broadly similar, both structurally and functionally. However, there are also many different types of communities within MTC regions that may be quite divergent from one another even though they occur within a single region. These differences in community types also reveal both similarities and differences among the different MTC regions. This chapter briefly introduces and describes the composition and structure of the main types of plant communities that are found within MTC regions, including the iconic evergreen sclerophyllous shrublands, known as mediterranean-type vegetation (MTV), and other types of shrublands (drought-deciduous soft-leaved shrubs, desert shrublands along arid margins), grasslands, woodlands, and forests.

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