scholarly journals Justification of modernization of groundwater treatment station

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 04049
Author(s):  
Zhanna Govorova ◽  
Olga Zubareva ◽  
Vasiliy Semenovykh ◽  
Ekaterina Muraveva ◽  
Olga Yankovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Groundwater Treatment ◽  
Concrete Corrosion ◽  
High Silica ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
Manganese Compounds ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The main contaminants of groundwater are iron and manganese compounds, increased hardness, which are removed at groundwater conditioning stations. The article reviews the existing station that was built according to a conventional design and uses the method of simplified aeration with the following filtration through high-silica sand. Assessment of the technical condition of the station showed that the elements of the building are limited to work The filters are in poor condition, some of the filters are out of service, there are concrete corrosion, destruction of finishing layers in filters’ building, internal and external corrosion of metallic pipelines and valves, which depend on he quality of transported water. Wear of the technological pipelines is over 80%. Analysis of the efficiency of the station showed that it operates at 50% capacity and at the same time does not provide standards for the hardness of drinking water. Water consumption for the station’s own needs is 1.5 times higher than it was designed. There are no processing and reusing facilities for flushing water. Results of the technical and technological inspection of the station showed that there is a need for immediate modernization of the station including the improvement of the groundwater purification technology and bringing he quality to the standards for drinking water.

Estimation of the effectiveness of ozone use in the purification of heavily contaminated water supply sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
С.Е. Алексеев ◽  
Е.В. Корса-Вавилова ◽  
А.Я. Шмелев
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Residual Aluminum ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Manganese Compounds

Источники питьевого водоснабжения (реки Великая, Волга, Вычегда, Которосль, Лименда, Солда, Северная Двина, Томь и Тура) характеризуются повышенным содержанием органических соединений природного и антропогенного происхождения. Традиционная технология двухступенчатого осветления воды коагулированием в данном случае по своей эффективности не соответствует качеству воды источника, в результате по некоторым показателям питьевая вода периодически не отвечает современным требованиям стандарта. Особенно сложно обеспечивать в питьевой воде предельно допустимые концентрации органических веществ, а также соединений железа, марганца и остаточного алюминия. Для очистки такой воды были изучены дополнительные методы окисления и сорбции. Результаты исследований показали, что предварительное озонирование речной воды и (или) постозонирование воды после фильтров станции водоподготовки повышают эффективность очистки по цветности, мутности, удалению соединений железа и марганца, уменьшают концентрацию остаточного алюминия, улучшают органолептические показатели. Сорбционная очистка с озонированием существенно улучшает качество очищенной воды и позволяет обеспечить допустимый уровень содержания органических загрязнителей в питьевой воде. Sources of drinking water supply (the Velikaia, Volga, Vychegda, Kotorosl’, Limenda, Solda, Severnaia Dvina, Tom’ and Tura rivers) are characterized by increased concentrations of organic compounds of natural and anthropogenic origin. The traditional technology of two-stage water clarification by coagulation in terms of the efficiency, in this case, is not applicable to the quality of the source water; as a result, by some indicators, drinking water periodically does not meet the current standard requirements. It is especially difficult to ensure the permissible maximum concentrations of organic substances in drinking water, as well as of compounds of iron, manganese and residual aluminum. To provide for the purification of such water, additional oxidation and sorption methods have been studied. The research results showed that preliminary ozonation of river water and (or) post-ozonation of water after filtration at a water treatment plant provide for increasing the efficiency of purification in terms of color, turbidity, removal of iron and manganese compounds; for reducing the concentration of residual aluminum, and improving the organoleptic characteristics. Sorption with ozonation significantly improves the quality of treated water and allows to ensure the permissible level of organic pollutants in drinking water.

Selection of Protective Coatings of Moulds for Castings of High-Manganese Cast Steel in Dependence of the Applied Moulding Sand Kind

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-857
Author(s):  
M. Holtzer ◽  
A. Bobrowski ◽  
D. Drożyński ◽  
J. Mocek
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Casting Surface ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Cast Steels ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract High-manganese cast steels are characterised by a high abrasion resistance under friction conditions with a simultaneous influence of pressure and impacts. This cast steel is especially suitable for castings of excavator’s scoops, track links, streetcars crossovers, parts of crushers and mills for braking up of hard materials [1-4]. In order to obtain high quality castings of high-manganese cast steels in moulds on the high-silica sand matrices it is necessary to apply protective coatings, which prevent a direct contact between metal and matrix (SiO2). Manganese after being poured into a mould can undergo a partial oxidation forming MnO, which reacts with silica. As a result low-melting manganese silicates are formed, which in a form of a tight layer adhere to the casting surface, significantly increasing a labour input related to cleaning. Three kinds of protective coatings were tested: zirconium, corundum and magnesite. As a base moulding sands on high-silica sand matrices with three kinds of resol resins were applied. The quality of the obtained casting surface was assessed in dependence of the protective coating and resin kind and also in dependence of the metallostatic pressure value.

Potential of Nanofiltration Membrane in Groundwater Treatment for Drinking Water Resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norherdawati Kasim ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Treatment ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Iron Solution ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Stirred Cell ◽  
Hazardous Metal ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Groundwater in Malaysia has become an alternative water resouces for daily needs. However, the presence of iron and manganese has been the major problem that caused the water unsuitable for drinking due to reddish colour and bad taste. Therefore, groundwater should be well treated from any hazardous metal before consumption. A dead-end stirred cell was used to investigate the ability of commercial NF membrane in removal of Fe to acceptable level for drinking water. Removal up to 99% for 10 mg/L iron solution at pH9.4 with low pressure of 2 bar was achieved. Further investigation for higher feed concentration is suggested in order to achieve permeate concentration below than 0.3 mg Fe/L. All findings indicated that nanofiltration is a promising technology for groundwater treatment.

scholarly journals Research on Reclamation and Activation of Moulding Sands Containing Water-Glass Hardened with Microwaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stachowicz ◽  
K. Granat
Keyword(s):  
Water Glass ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Screen Analysis ◽  
Inorganic Binder ◽  
High Silica

Abstract Presented are results of a research on usability of an innovative reclamation process of microwave-hardened moulding sands containing water-glass, combined with activation of binder. After each subsequent stage of reclamation, quality of the reclaimed material was determined on the grounds of measurements of permeability and results of screen analysis. The reclaimed material was next used again to prepare new moulding sand. The sandmix based on high-silica sand prepared with water-glass grade 145, was subject to the following cyclical treatment operations: mixing components, consolidation, microwave hardening, cooling, heating the mould up to 800 °C, cooling to ambient temperature, mechanical reclamation dry and wet. It was found that the used-up and reclaimed sandmix containing water-glass is susceptible to the applied activation process of thermally reacted film of binder and, in addition, it maintains good quality and technological properties of high-silica base. Observations of surfaces of reclaimed high-silica grains with activated film of reacted inorganic binder were carried-out using a scanning microscope. Thanks to properly selected reclamation parameters, the high-silica base can be reused even five times, thus reducing demand for fresh aggregate and inorganic binder.

Impacts of River Training on the Quality of Bank-Filtered Waters

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. László ◽  
Zs Homonnay ◽  
M. Zimonyi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Training Structures ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
River Training ◽  
Filter Layer ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The impacts of river training and gravel dredging on the quality of bank filtered waters are considered along the Danube sections upstream and downstream of Budapest, where important sources of drinking water are situated. Case studies are presented to show that training structures and dredging operations affect the hydraulic conditions in the river that are conducive to silting in areas with reduced flow velocities. Adverse hydrochemical changes occur in the silted filter layer, especially the dissolution of iron and manganese,and higher concentrations of ammonium-ion are observable. Dredging tends to disrupt the biologically active filter layer, while the ensuing bed degradation causes changes in the inflow ratio, increasing the proportion of polluted groundwater from the background areas in the wells.

Gender and Regional Differences in the Life Expectancy in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rodionova ◽  
E. D. Kopnova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Poor Nutrition

The relevance of the chosen topic is closely related to the development of a system for monitoring the implementation of the May Presidential Decree (2018) to increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life of the population. It has been stated that despite the positive dynamics of life expectancy over the past decade, Russia still has a huge regional differentiation (16,6 years for women, 18,2 years for men in 2016) and an average gender gap - 10,6 years. The choice of factors affecting the gender gap in life expectancy in Russian regions is supported by a conclusion most common in foreign studies that climatic conditions, living conditions, the quality of food and drinking water, alcohol consumption are essential components of public health and life expectancy.The article provides an overview of studies on assessment factors of life expectancy, presents the authors’ approach to identifying gender gaps in life expectancy, living conditions, and lifestyle affecting the indicator of life expectancy. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of gender gap in life expectancy in Russia and foreign countries. The paper studies the correlation between living conditions and lifestyle, and life expectancy.Classification of the regions by the life expectancy at birth for men and women is an important component of this study. The authors used Rosstat data for 2016 and the k-means method to select three clusters of Russian regions taking into account gender, living conditions and lifestyle. The paper identifies similar health problems of the regions that are associated with alcohol consumption, poor nutrition and poor quality of drinking water, poor housing and living conditions. The lowest life expectancy rates for men and women are recorded in regions of the 1st cluster (Jewish Autonomous Region, Republic of Tuva, Chukotka Autonomous Area). High mortality rates are a result of external causes. There is a poor quality of drinking water and poor nutrition, excessive alcohol consumption, and inadequate housing conditions.Based on the obtained results were determined possible reserves for reducing the gender and regional differentiation of life expectancy.

Microbiological quality of residues from drinking water preparation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Würzer ◽  
A. Wiedenmann ◽  
K. Botzenhart
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Detection Limits

In Germany the application of procedures such as flocculation and filtration in the preparation of drinking water results in the annual production of an estimated 500,000 t of sediments and sludges. Some of these residues have a potential for being reused, for example in agriculture, forestry, brickworks or waste water treatment. To assess the microbiological quality of residues from waterworks methods for the detection of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella, poliovirus, Ascaris suis eggs and Cryptosporidium have been evaluated regarding their detection limits and were applied to various residues from German waterworks. Results show that sediments and sludges may contain pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protista. When residues from waterworks are intended to be reused in agriculture or forestry the microbiological quality should therefore be considered.

Barcelona's water supply improvement: the brine collector of the Llobregat river

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Martín-Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Public Work ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Llobregat River

The Llobregat is a 156 km long river, which supplies 35% of the Barcelona's drinking water needs from the Sant Joan Despí Water Treatment Plant. Since the establishment of the Salt Mine Works in the Llobregat basin in 1923, a progressive salinization of the water sources has been recorded. The operation of the Brine Collector, as a public work carried out by Aigües de Barcelona (AGBAR), started in 1989; it enabled a very significant improvement in the quality of the surface water used for drinking-water production.

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