scholarly journals Columba livia time budget in the conditions of Kazan in spring

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Aizat Basyyrov ◽  
Tamila Leonova
Keyword(s):  
Time Budget ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Rock Pigeon ◽  
Daily Time

The daily time budgets of the rock pigeon (Columba livia) in the spring were studied basing on the example of birds with different foraging strategies. The connection between daylight hours and the birds’ night sleep was revealed. The relation between the daily routine and various forms of activity in birds with different foraging strategies was revealed.

scholarly journals Recruitment, Diet Composition, and Time-Budgets of Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis) in the Teton Range.

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Alyson Courtemanch ◽  
Matthew Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Teton Range

Many ungulate populations have lost access to their traditional migration routes and seasonal ranges, resulting in rapid and severe population declines. Some ungulate populations have been able to adapt to living year-round on one seasonal range and persist despite loss of migration. However, our understanding of how ungulates adapt their habitat selection and foraging strategies in order to compensate for migration loss is poor This study investigates how a formerly migratory, now sedentary and isolated bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) population persists year-round on high-elevation summer range in the Teton Range in northwest Wyoming. We captured and GPS-collared 20 bighorn ewes throughout the Teton Range in February 2008 and an additional 8 ewes in March 2009. In 2008, ninety percent of captured ewes were pregnant, and 100% were pregnant in 2009. During summer 2008, we located and observed GPS-collared ewes, determined lamb survival, collected fecal samples for diet composition analysis, and observed time-budgets. We found that 50% oflambs survived until at least mid­ summer. Diet composition analysis is pending and we are waiting to combine time-budget observations with additional data that will be collected during summers 2009 and 2010. We observed differences in movement patterns between GPS-collared ewes during summer 2008, ranging from 5 km to a maximum of 15 km. At this time, six GPS-collared ewes have died (four in avalanches, one from predation, and one unknown). This study is ongoing and will be completed in 2010. Results will directly contribute to management of this non-migratory and isolated bighorn sheep population, and will shed light on how a formerly migratory ungulate population has been able to persist on high­elevation range year-round.

scholarly journals Activity Time Budgets—A Potential Tool to Monitor Equine Welfare?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Ulrike Auer ◽  
Zsofia Kelemen ◽  
Veronika Engl ◽  
Florien Jenner
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Equine Welfare ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Potential Tool

Horses’ behavior can provide valuable insight into their subjective state and is thus a good indicator of welfare. However, its complexity requires objective, quantifiable, and unambiguous evidence-based assessment criteria. As healthy, stress-free horses exhibit a highly repetitive daily routine, temporal quantification of their behavioral activities (time budget analysis) can assist in equine welfare assessment. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to provide an up-to-date analysis of equine time budget studies. A review of the literature yielded 12 papers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria: assessment of equine time budgets for eating, resting and movement for a minimum of 24 continuous hours. A total of 144 horses (1–27 years old), 59 semi-feral and 85 domesticated horses, are included in this review. The 24 h time budgets for foraging or eating (10–6.6%), resting (8.1–66%), lying (2.7–27.3%), and locomotion (0.015–19.1%) showed large variance between studies, which can largely be attributed to differences in age and environmental conditions. Management interventions in domesticated horses (ad libitum access to food, increased space, decreased population density) resulted in time budgets similar to their (semi-)feral conspecifics, emphasizing the importance of environmental conditions and the ability of time budgets to assist in monitoring horses’ welfare.

Rock Pigeon (Columba livia)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Lowther ◽  
Richard F. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Columba Livia ◽  
Rock Pigeon

Seasonal Habitat Use by Nubian Ibex (Capra Nubiana) Evaluated with Behavioral Indicators

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon A. Tadesse ◽  
Burt P. Kotler
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Focal Observation

Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) prefer steep terrain in their landscape to reduce risks of predation and human nuisance disturbances. They also use vigilance and time allocation to manage risk of predation. We studied time budgets and habitat selection of Nubian ibex to: (1) identify the habitat variables to which Nubian ibex were behaviorally responsive; (2) investigate how time budget responses of Nubian ibex were related to season, slope condition, group size, and sex-age structure; and (3) develop behavioral-based models that account for the variations in the behaviors of Nubian ibex across the landscape and seasons.To quantify time budgets, we took regular field observations on focal individuals of Nubian ibex classified according to their habitat, group size, sex, and age. For each focal observation, we quantified environmental variables that were thought to influence the behavioral responses of ibex. Then, we developed behavioral models by correlating the proportion of behaviors measured in focal animal observations to the influential environmental variables. The behaviors of Nubian ibex significantly varied with sex and age structure, season, habitat type, and slope conditions. Adult females are more vigilant than adult male ibex, especially in the spring. This correlates with breeding and nursing activities. Based on the characteristics of the habitat, ibex behave to minimize risks of predation and human nuisance disturbances while maximizing their food intake.

scholarly journals External fixation to correct tarsal-metatarsal fracture in rock pigeon (Columba livia)

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Leandro Almeida Rui ◽  
Diego Carvalho Viana ◽  
Adriano Barile Dora ◽  
Paula Fratini
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Minimal Invasive Surgery ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Metatarsal Fracture ◽  
Rock Pigeon

ABSTRACT Orthopedic conditions, such as bone fractures, are very common in avian medicine. External fixators have been considered the gold standard for birds, since they allow early movement of the limbs and minimal invasive surgery. Fractures in several bones have been successfully treated in pigeons. However, to the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first report of successful surgical repair of tarsal-metatarsal fracture in rock pigeon. External fixator was made with four 24G catheters, being inserted manually proximal and distal to the fracture and connected with polymerizable acrylic. Radiographic consolidation of fracture was observed 60 days post-surgery and anti-inflammatory and antibiotic protocols were successful on avoiding pain and infection during surgery and bone healing.

scholarly journals Features of the daily time budget of students of universities in Vladivostok during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
OP Gritsina ◽  
AK Yatsenko ◽  
LV Trankovskaya ◽  
GA Tarasenko ◽  
SD Istomin
Keyword(s):  
Time Budget ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Distance Learners ◽  
Full Time ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Daily Time

In 2020, due to the spread of a new coronavirus infection, the education system underwent significant changes, which were of an urgent nature, which could not but affect the lifestyle, as well as the health of students. The results of a study on the hygienic assessment of the peculiarities of the daily budget of time of Vladivostok students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. By the method of questioning, the study of the mode of educational activity, sleep, physical activity, nutrition was carried out in 634 students of 1–4 courses at the age of 18–24 years. It was found that the respondents' favorite e-learning tool was a smartphone, and for 5.84 ± 0.93% of the respondents, it was the only subject of communication. It was determined that distance learners significantly more often exceeded the hygienic recommendations for the duration of continuous work with a computer / laptop, in comparison with students in traditional education (39.39 ± 2.21% versus 28.47 ± 3.76% χ2 = 5, 69, p = 0.018), and also significantly more often exceeded the time schedule for night sleep at 7–8 hours (15.92 ± 1.65% versus 6.94 ± 2.12%, χ2 = 7.49, p = 0.007) ... It was determined that among students who were online there were significantly fewer people eating once (9.8 ± 1.34% versus 24.31 ± 3.57%, χ2 = 20.59, p < 0.001) and shortly before sleep (52.24 ± 2.26% versus 64.58 ± 3.99%, χ2 = 6.85, p = 0.009). It was found that distance learners significantly more often walked than those who attended full-time classes (56.73 ± 2.24% versus 29.86 ± 3.81%, χ2 = 8.32, p = 0.004). So, distance education made it possible not to interrupt the educational process, however, the method of education was accompanied by a change in the usual regimes and the redistribution of time costs.

scholarly journals Host Recognition of Brood Parasites: Implications for Methodology in Studies of Enemy Recognition

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 530-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Grim
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Brood Parasite ◽  
Common Cuckoo ◽  
Brood Parasites ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Rock Pigeon ◽  
The Common ◽  
Enemy Recognition

AbstractVarious studies have shown that experiments on nest defense and enemy recognition (e.g. recognition of adult brood parasites) can be confounded by many factors. However, no study has described a confounding effect of control dummy type. Here, I show experimentally that the choice of control dummy may influence the results of an experiment and lead to erroneous conclusions. I tested recognition abilities of the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), currently a host rarely used by the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). Blackcaps responded very differently to two kinds of control dummies: they ignored the Eurasian Blackbird (Turdus merula) dummy, but attacked the Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) dummy as frequently as they attacked the Common Cuckoo. The differing results may be explained by the fact that the Rock Pigeon is more similar to the Common Cuckoo than the Eurasian Blackbird is, and consequently elicited more aggressive behavior than the latter. Thus, absence of discrimination in enemy-recognition studies may reflect a methodological artifact resulting from varying abilities of particular hosts to discriminate along a continuum of recognition cues. This result has serious methodological implications for further research on enemy recognition and aggression in general: a control dummy should not be too similar to the dummy brood parasite; otherwise, the chance of detecting existing recognition abilities is low. Further, I argue that coevolution only increases pre-existing aggression in the particular host species. Therefore, increment analysis (assessing changes in host antiparasitic responses during the nesting cycle while controlling for background aggression to control dummies) provides a more accurate picture of hosts' recognition abilities than the traditional approach (when the total level of antiparasitic response is analyzed).

Effects of Supplemental Food on the Behaviour and Paternity Status of Male Indigo Buntings (Passerina CyaNea)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Brad T. McLeod ◽  
Gary Ritchison
Keyword(s):  
Time Budget ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Passerina Cyanea ◽  
And Control

Breeding is energetically costly and, if energy-limited, birds may alter their time budgets, spending less time engaged in some activities and more time in others. Investigators who have provided breeding birds with supplemental food have noted changes in time budgets, but the extent and types of changes have been found to vary among species. Our objective was to determine how food supplementation might influence the time budgets and paternity status of male Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea). We studied Indigo Buntings from 8 May to 15 August 2009 in Madison County, Kentucky. Territories of male Indigo Buntings (n=30) were randomly assigned as either food supplemented (n=8) or controls (n=22). During time-budget observations, all behaviours were noted. To determine paternity status, blood samples were collected from adults and nestlings at 16 nests. Males with feeders in their territories spent significantly less time foraging and more time vocalising (chip notes) than males without feeders. Time spent singing and mate guarding by treatment and control males did not differ. Differences in the proportion of extra-pair young did not differ between nests in territories with and without supplemental food. Our results suggest that, when provided with supplemental food, male Indigo Buntings spend less time foraging and more time engaged in other activities. However, neither the presence of supplemental food nor differences in the behaviour of males in food-supplemented versus non-supplemented territories affected rates of extra-pair paternity.

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