Autonomous complex for electro-thermal heating of oil wells fed by a photovoltaic installation

Paraffin deposits are a serious problem causing complications in oil production. This article describes the creation of a complex operatingonphotovoltaic installations to combat paraffin deposits. The authors offer an innovative method for accurate calculation of the parameters of photovoltaic installations, taking into account changes in total solar radiation, geographical and climatic conditions, the angle of inclination of solar panels, characteristics of the power source, and oil parameters. Measurements of solar radiation are carried out on the basis of mathematical and simulation modeling in Matlab Simulink. The results of the studies confirm the adequacy of the proposed method of oil well heating. This method of electric heating has a simple design and does not require underground works and well shutdown. Thus, it will improve the efficiency of oil production, prevent the formation of paraffin deposits, and ensure energy savings by reducing power losses and electricity consumption.

Download Full-text

The Potential of Solar Air Heating in the Turkish Industrial Sector

Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.3311/ppme.13028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

Balázs Bokor ◽

Hacer Akhan ◽

Dogan Eryener ◽

László Kajtár

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Industrial Building ◽

High Solar Radiation ◽

Mathematical Correlation

Transpired solar collector (TSC) systems are simple solutions for the preheating of ventilation air with solar energy. Their performance is a function of several environmental factors, so the climatic conditions of the location play an important role. In this paper, the effect of different climatic zones on the thermal performance of the TSC is investigated. To exclude other sources of influence, the same reference industrial building is examined in four Turkish locations (Antalya, Istanbul, Ankara and Sivas) representing different climatic conditions. RETScreen simulation is carried out for all four regions to obtain the drop of conventional heating requirement in case absorber azimuth of 0°, 45° and 90°. To illustrate the performance, temperature rise, heating energy savings and annual solar fraction are presented. Generally, it can be stated that a location with cold climate and high solar radiation at the same time benefits most from the use of a TSC system. A mathematical correlation has been found showing the solar fraction's dependence on solar radiation and heating degree days. Finally, simulation results have been compared to a set of measurement data from an industrial building's TSC system near Istanbul.

Download Full-text

Effect of Total Solar Radiation and Rainfall on Yield of Different Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) Clones at Two Sites in Kenya

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n6p40 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Joseph Kimutai Langát

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Total Solar Radiation ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Research Reporting ◽

Split Plot ◽

3.0 T ◽

Tea Production ◽

Weather Changes

Tea cultivation is the leading cash crop in Kenya, making significant contribution to the economy. It is the single largest export commodity, accounting for about 26% of the country’s total export earnings. In 2017, the country got US$ 1.23 billion in foreign exchange earnings. However, tea production is affected by weather changes. Majority of research reporting the effects of weather on tea yields in Africa have mostly been carried out at single sites. This study investigated contribution of total solar radiation and rainfall to tea (Camellia sinensis) yields at two sites in Kenya. A split-plot layout study was conducted at two sites differing in altitude and climatic conditions in Kenya: Kangaita (0o30'S, 37o16'E, 2100 m.a.s.l.) and Kipkebe (0o17'S, 35o3'E, 1740 m.a.s.l.). Timbilil (0o22'S, 35o21'E, 2200 m.a.s.l.) was used as a reference site. Four tea clones of commercial and scientific interest in Kenya (AHP SC 31/37, EPK TN14-3, TRFK 301/5 and TRFK 31/8) were studied. Low radiation intensities at Timbilil in 2007 corresponded with low made tea yields at Kangaita (2.1 t ha-1 y-1) and Kipkebe (2.6 t ha-1 y-1) compared to 2008 (4.4 t ha-1 y-1 and 3.2 t ha-1 y-1) and 2009 (3.1 t ha-1 y-1 and 3.0 t ha-1 y-1) respectively when higher total radiation intensities were recorded. Statistical analysis done using two-way ANOVA (P = 0.05) for split plot design showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.53) between total solar radiation, rainfall and mean made tea yield. Higher radiation and rainfall intensities yielded higher tea outputs.

Download Full-text

Analysis of influence of climatic factors on selecting types of solar panels

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ◽

10.24143/1812-9498-2020-2-21-26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (2) ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Sergey Vladimirovich Golovko ◽

Dmitry Anatolyevich Zadorkin

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Efficient Operation ◽

The Impact ◽

Solar Rays

The article outlines the problem of the influence of climatic factors on the efficiency of solar panels operation. Not long ago the idea of free electricity seemed incredible. However, the development of technologies rapidly progresses, and the alternative energy captures more and more supporters every day. The popularity of solar panels is growing quite rapidly, since photovoltaic converters are an efficient source of electricity. But for more efficient operation of solar cells it is necessary to create the specific conditions, taking into account the location of the unit. There have been considered the factors of more efficient operation of the photovoltaic converters: the hash climatic conditions and the intensity of solar radiation depending on the angle of reducing the impact of the solar rays onto the solar cell surface.

Download Full-text

Energy Yield of Solar Panels in the System of their Position Control

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.37 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 521 ◽

pp. 37-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miroslav Rimár ◽

Štefan Kuna ◽

Marcel Fedák

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Position Control ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Fixed Position ◽

Heat Transfer Medium ◽

Incident Solar Radiation ◽

The Third ◽

Solar Radiation Intensity

The contribution deals with the climatic conditions in which a solar rotatable structure with flat solar panels was placed on the roof of the building in which the Department of Process Technique is located. There was designed a control system of the structure in order to achieve an increase in efficiency of solar panels. Presented are three ways of the rotatable structure positioning. During the first measurements, the data were obtained and recorded with a fixed position of the solar panels, the second measurements were carried out while the solar panels were rotating along the ecliptic without being dependent on the actual value of the solar radiation intensity, while with the third measurements the rotation was initiated depending on the intensity of the incident solar radiation on the collectors surface. The archived data obtained from individual measurements are presented in the graphs which show the advantage of solar panels rotation in terms of achieving higher temperatures of a solar fluid and a heat transfer medium of an accumulation tank.

Download Full-text

Determining the optimum orientation of a greenhouse on the basis of the total solar radiation availability

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci100220057d ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 215-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Snezana Dragicevic

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Close Agreement ◽

Experimental Validation ◽

Global Solar Radiation ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Total Solar Radiation ◽

Radiation Data ◽

Solar Greenhouse ◽

South Wall ◽

East West

This paper presents an approach to determining the optimum orientation of a greenhouse for year round applications for different climatic conditions. The most commonly used uneven-span single shape of greenhouse in east-west and north-south orientation have been selected for comparison. Total solar radiation input to each wall, included surfaces and roofs, is computed for both solar greenhouse orientation and compared for each month of the year at different latitudes at the northern hemisphere. Experimental validation is carried out for the measured global solar radiation data for horizontal surface and south wall at (44?N and 20?E), Belgrade, Serbia. The predicted and measured values are in close agreement. Results shows that east-west orientation of uneven-span solar greenhouse is the best suited during each months for all analyzed latitudes.

Download Full-text

Energy Efficiency Measures for a High-Tech Building with a Solar Roof

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1233 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1073-1076 ◽

pp. 1233-1238

Author(s):

Yao Lin Lin ◽

Wei Yang ◽

Ming Sheng Liu

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Electricity Demand ◽

High Tech ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Electrical Grid ◽

Energy Efficiency Measures ◽

Efficiency Measures ◽

Demand Reduction

This paper presents the implementation of energy efficiency measures in a building that consists of office, lab and clean room area. Total Performance Oriented Optimization and Retrofits (TPORs) were implemented. 594 kW solar panels were installed on the roof and connected to the electrical grid during the optimization process. Ten power meters were installed throughout the building to measure the total building electricity demand, solar generated electricity demand, HVAC and non-HVAC-equipment demand to quantify the energy savings from the implementation of the energy efficiency measures and savings from the solar panels. The electricity savings from optimization on the HVAC system is about 7,209,000kWh/year (194.4kWh/m2-year), which is about 30% of the total building electricity consumption with peak demand reduction of 935 kW. There savings come from the solar panel is 811,925 kWh/yr; however, it effectively reduced the peak electricity demand by 302.6 kW.

Download Full-text

A New Method to Determine the Annual Energy Output of Liquid-Based Solar Collectors

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12234586 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 4586 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zukowski ◽

Radzajewska

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Hot Water ◽

Energy Output ◽

Total Solar Radiation ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Solar Collectors ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Solar Thermal Collectors

One of the most effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is the widespread use of solar panels. A new approach to estimating the annual energy output ESC of liquid-based solar thermal collectors is presented in this paper. The main parameters of the surrounding environment that affect the energy yield from solar water heating (SWH) systems are total solar radiation ES and outdoor air temperature θO. Here, two functions are developed that allow the specification of the ESC value based on these two previously determined factors. The article presents the subsequent stages that led to the development of this method. In the first step, the computer model of a solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system was built in the EnergyPlus environment. An object of the modeling procedure was the real solar installation located at Bialystok University of Technology. The database containing the annual energy output of the solar collectors, total solar radiation, and outdoor air temperature was developed based on the results of simulations made for 24 Polish cities. Then, the multiple regression method (implemented in Statistica v.13.1) was used to correlate these variables. Two contour graphs were also developed to determine the energy yield from solar collectors.

Download Full-text

Proposal to Refine Solar Radiation of Typical Meteorological Year Database and Evaluation on the Influence of Air-Conditioning Load

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12040524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 524

Author(s):

Jihui Yuan ◽

Kazuo Emura ◽

Craig Farnham

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Global Solar Radiation ◽

Resource Assessment ◽

Weather Data ◽

Diffuse Solar Radiation ◽

Chinese Standard ◽

The Impact

The Typical meteorological year (TMY) database is often used to calculate air-conditioning loads, and it directly affects the building energy savings design. Among four kinds of TMY databases in China—including Chinese Typical Year Weather (CTYW), International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC), Solar Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA) and Chinese Standard Weather Data (CSWD)—only CSWD is measures solar radiation, and it is most used in China. However, the solar radiation of CSWD is a measured daily value, and its hourly value is separated by models. It is found that the cloud ratio (diffuse solar radiation divided by global solar radiation) of CSWD is not realistic in months of May, June and July while compared to the other sets of TMY databases. In order to obtain a more accurate cloud ratio of CSWD for air-conditioning load calculation, this study aims to propose a method of refining the cloud ratio of CSWD in Shanghai, China, using observed solar radiation and the Perez model which is a separation model of high accuracy. In addition, the impact of cloud ratio on air-conditioning load has also been discussed in this paper. It is shown that the cloud ratio can yield a significant impact on the air conditioning load.

Download Full-text