scholarly journals Calculation of the durability of sealing and awning materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Timur Koutsenko ◽  
Nikolay Shelihov ◽  
Svetlana Kutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Accelerated Test ◽  
Test Mode ◽  
Multiple Loads ◽  
Operational Factors

The article discusses the hypotheses for determining the equivalent laboratory modes for assessing the durability of sealing and awning materials, and evaluates the accuracy of the proposed method. Qualitative research of operational factors influence (UV, temperature) on sealing and awning materials durability was conducted. Purpose of the study: a method for predicting the durability of sealing and awning materials. Methods: Methods for fast assessment of durability and methods of equivalent factors. Results: Based on the obtained regularities of the behavior of sealing and awning materials under conditions of repeated loading and ultraviolet radiation, as well as the accepted hypotheses about the summation of damage and irreversibility of the destruction process, a laboratory test mode was determined that was equivalent in terms of the level of introduced destruction to the operating mode, including the action of multiple loads and ultraviolet radiation. Based on the equivalent accelerated test mode and the characteristics of the operating mode of loading and irradiation, a method for assessing the durability of sealing and awning materials is proposed.

Evaluation of Fatigue Properties for Ultraviolet Radiation Aged Bitumen and Mixture

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Shao Peng Wu ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Xing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Uv Aging ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Layered Clay

Bitumen is widely used in road construction. Due to heavy traffic loads and environmental factors, bitumen properties will change during service life. Bitumen will age due to diffusion of oxygen and UV radiation. Repeated loading will result in decreasing strength because of fatigue. In this paper, one layer clay powder was used to modify base bitumen with different mass contents. Then the influences of ultraviolet radiation (UV) aging on the dynamic fatigue properties of the layered clay powder were evaluated by Dynamic Shear Rheomoter (DSR) and Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The ageing evaluation shows that the ageing resistance of bitumen is improved and this improvement is more notable in bitumen fatigue than mixture.

scholarly journals THE MEANING OF VIRAT VIDYA'S TEACHINGS IN THE TEXT OF TUTUR BHUWANA MAREKA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Putu Adnyana ◽  
I Wayan Redi ◽  
I Gusti Made Widya Sena
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Living Things ◽  
The Universe

<p>The text of Tutur Bhuwana Mareka is a lontar text that has a Shivaistic nuance and is <br />thick with Tattwa teachings. The text of Tutur Bhuwana Mareka has a core teaching that discusses a lot about the creation, maintenance, and destruction of the universe or what is known as Virat Vidyā. This study will discuss three basic consensus as the formulation of the problem which includes the meaning of harmony in the process of creation (uttpti), maintenance (stiti), and destruction (pralina). This study uses the theory of Hermeneutics from Friedrich August Wolf to discuss the overall problem formulation in this study. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with several stages, namely: determining the type of research, finding sources of research data both primary and secondary data, determining research instruments, determining informants using purposive sampling techniques, collecting data using library, document, and descriptive methods, interview, then<br />analyze the data, and present the results of the data analysis. The meaning of harmony in the process of creation (uttpti) of the universe in the text of Tutur Bhuwana Mareka is the existence of Sang Hyang Mareka Jati to respond to an empty and silent situation without any creation. All objects and living things that He created are correlated with each other and this is what shows the existence of harmony in the universe. Because in essence the universe without its contents is incomplete and living things cannot live and settle without the existence of the universe. Furthermore, the meaning of harmony in the process of maintaining (stiti) the universe in the text of Tutur Bhuwana Mareka is the existence of Sang Hyang Mareka Jati in protecting the universe and all its contents. Then the last is the meaning of harmony in the process of destruction (pralina) of the universe in the text of Tutur Bhuwana Mareka which is<br />the return of the elements of creation to the creator, namely Sang Hyang Mareka Jati. The destruction process in this text shows the existence of a cyclic cycle, proving that there is harmony, balance, and harmony in the universe. Creation, maintenance, and destruction are forms of harmony created by God in his manifestation as Sang Hyang Mareka Jati to give understanding to humans that the entire contents of the universe are His manifestations and will surely return to Him.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Multi-cycle crack resistance of the beam with internal crack in operating conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
V. I. Smirnov ◽  
◽  
S. S. Maier ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Resistance ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Transverse Crack ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Internal Crack ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Arbitrary System ◽  
Concentrated Force ◽  
Operational Factors

The paper examines the effect of some operational factors on the cyclical crack resistance of the beam with an inner transverse crack of the circular shape. The beam with the cross-section of an uneven I-beam joist is positioned on a solid elastic foundation and is subjected to repeated loading by concentrated force. The temperature dependence of the number of loading cycles required for the defect to grow to a given size is established. In addition, on the basis of the principle of the independence of the forces, the residual resource of the beam is assessed in the case of an arbitrary system of forces. The proposed calculation scheme is used to assess the durability of rails.

Enhancement of Contrast in the CEM and STEM Using Bumpy Specimens and Employing the “Dappled Field” Mode of Operation

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 552-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gandolfi ◽  
J. Reiffel
Keyword(s):  
Operating Mode ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Field Mode ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Scanning Transmission

Calculations have been performed on the contrast obtainable, using the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope, in the observation of thick specimens. Recent research indicates a revival of an earlier interest in the observation of thin specimens with the view of comparing the attainable contrast using both types of specimens.Potential for biological applications of scanning transmission electron microscopy has led to a proliferation of the literature concerning specimen preparation methods and the controversy over “to stain or not to stain” in combination with the use of the dark field operating mode and the same choice of technique using bright field mode of operation has not yet been resolved.

Applications of Photoelectron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 506-507
Author(s):  
William J. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Crystalline Orientation ◽  
Fluorescent Screen

In this form of electron microscopy, photoelectrons emitted from a metal by ultraviolet radiation are accelerated and imaged onto a fluorescent screen by conventional electron optics. image contrast is determined by spatial variations in the intensity of the photoemission. The dominant source of contrast is due to changes in the photoelectric work function, between surfaces of different crystalline orientation, or different chemical composition. Topographical variations produce a relatively weak contrast due to shadowing and edge effects.Since the photoelectrons originate from the surface layers (e.g. ∼5-10 nm for metals), photoelectron microscopy is surface sensitive. Thus to see the microstructure of a metal the thin layer (∼3 nm) of surface oxide must be removed, either by ion bombardment or by thermal decomposition in the vacuum of the microscope.

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