Fudging the Outcome of Much Ado About Nothing

This article asserts that in Much Ado About Nothing Shakespeare lays open the rottenness within an arbitrary system of government but does not dare carry the plot to its logical conclusion. The responses to events by the dominant nobles, a prince and a count, are not merely foolish and damaging, but, in light of the guidance of, among others, Girolamo Muzio and Baldassare Castiglione, deeply dishonourable. The playmakers, as the most talented team in the realm licensed for performance entertainment, create a historically credible set of characters, but, possibly because they wish to continue to benefit from their protected status and draw their regular customers, do not make explicit any radical questioning of rank and degree. An analysis of Margaret’s role suggests a strategic ambiguity within the jocular ending.

Universality of noise-induced resilience restoration in spatially-extended ecological systems

Many systems may switch to an undesired state due to internal failures or external perturbations, of which critical transitions toward degraded ecosystem states are prominent examples. Resilience restoration focuses on the ability of spatially-extended systems and the required time to recover to their desired states under stochastic environmental conditions. The difficulty is rooted in the lack of mathematical tools to analyze systems with high dimensionality, nonlinearity, and stochastic effects. Here we show that nucleation theory can be employed to advance resilience restoration in spatially-embedded ecological systems. We find that systems may exhibit single-cluster or multi-cluster phases depending on their sizes and noise strengths. We also discover a scaling law governing the restoration time for arbitrary system sizes and noise strengths in two-dimensional systems. This approach is not limited to ecosystems and has applications in various dynamical systems, from biology to infrastructural systems.

SELCIE: a tool for investigating the chameleon field of arbitrary sources

The chameleon model is a modified gravity theory that introduces an additional scalar field that couples to matter through a conformal coupling. This `chameleon field' possesses a screening mechanism through a nonlinear self-interaction term which allows the field to affect cosmological observables in diffuse environments whilst still being consistent with current local experimental constraints. Due to the self-interaction term the equations of motion of the field are nonlinear and therefore difficult to solve analytically. The analytic solutions that do exist in the literature are either approximate solutions and or only apply to highly symmetric systems. In this work we introduce the software package SELCIE (https://github.com/C-Briddon/SELCIE.git). This package equips the user with tools to construct an arbitrary system of mass distributions and then to calculate the corresponding solution to the chameleon field equation. It accomplishes this by using the finite element method and either the Picard or Newton nonlinear solving methods. We compared the results produced by SELCIE with analytic results from the literature including discrete and continuous density distributions. We found strong (sub-percentage) agreement between the solutions calculated by SELCIE and the analytic solutions.

neutering neuter – grammatical gender and the dehumanisation of women in German

Grammatical gender in German has traditionally been described as a rather arbitrary system (Helbig and Buscha 1988). This is not the case in regard to terms of person reference, where natural gender assignment is the norm: Masculine and feminine grammatical gender largely correlate with the extralinguistic assignment of male and female gender. Neuter gender predominantly denotes inanimate entities (Köpcke and Zubin 1996, 2009). The use of neutral gender in reference to women nevertheless has a long history in German, usually with pejorative connotations (Köpcke and Zubin 1996, 2009). Historically, this can be illustrated in relation to nouns, pronouns and articles: 1 By neuter nouns denoting ‘socially incomplete’ women, e.g. das Weib ‘woman (archaic), hag, n.’, das Luder ‘hussy, n.’ and in the increased use of neuter eliciting diminutives in reference to female individuals, e.g. das Mädchen ‘girl, n.’, das Fräulein ‘miss, n.’ (Nübling 2017). 2 Through the use of neuter pronouns and neuter articles in combination with female names in a number of German dialects, e.g. das Emma, es ‘the (n.) Emma, it’ (Busley and Fritzinger 2018). In contemporary standard German, the use of neuter articles and pronouns instead of feminine ones seems to be used as a discursive tool to denigrate and dehumanise women whose gender performance does not conform with hegemonic concepts of femininity. This paper focuses on the intentional manipulation of grammatical gender in reference to women as a tool of degradation and dehumanisation and outlines the historical development of neuter forms of reference in contexts where feminine would be expected.

Physical Computational Complexity and First-order Logic

We present the concept of a theory machine, which is an atemporal computational formalism that is deployable within an arbitrary logical system. Theory machines are intended to capture computation on an arbitrary system, both physical and unphysical, including quantum computers, Blum-Shub-Smale machines, and infinite time Turing machines. We demonstrate that for finite problems, the computational power of any device characterisable by a finite first-order theory machine is equivalent to that of a Turing machine. Whereas for infinite problems, their computational power is equivalent to that of a type-2 machine. We then develop a concept of complexity for theory machines, and prove that the class of problems decidable by a finite first order theory machine with polynomial resources is equal to 𝒩𝒫 ∩ co-𝒩𝒫.

Analysis of correlation and ionization from pair distributions in many-electron systems

Jensen–Shannon divergence is used to quantify the discrepancy between the Hartree–Fock pair density and the product of its marginals for different N-electron systems, enclosing neutral atoms (with nuclear charge $$Z=N$$ Z = N ) and singly-charged ions ($$N = Z \pm 1$$ N = Z ± 1 ). This divergence measure is applied to determine the interelectronic correlation in atomic systems. A thorough study was carried out, by considering (i) both position and momentum conjugated spaces, and (ii) systems with a nuclear charge as far as $$Z = 103$$ Z = 103 . The correlation among electrons was measured by comparing, for an arbitrary system, the double-variable electron-pair density with the product of the respective one-particle densities. A detailed analysis throughout the Periodic Table highlights the relevance not only of weightiness for the systems considered, but also of their shell structure. Besides, comparative computations between two-electron densities of different atomic systems (neutrals, cations, anions) quantify their dissimilarities, patently governed by shell-filling patterns throughout the Periodic Table.

On the Integrable Deformations of the Maximally Superintegrable Systems

In this paper, we present the integrable deformations method for a maximally superintegrable system. We alter the constants of motion, and using these new functions, we construct a new system which is an integrable deformation of the initial system. In this manner, new maximally superintegrable systems are obtained. We also consider the particular case of Hamiltonian mechanical systems. In addition, we use this method to construct some deformations of an arbitrary system of first-order autonomous differential equations.

KAJIAN SINTAKSIS DALAM PENGGUNAAN FRASA DI JEJARING SOSIAL FACEBOOK

Every human being would socialize with other humans. Humans interact by using a tool called language. Language itself is often inerpreted as arbitrary system sounds symbol, languageis universal, that language has meaning or has intention to nonvey something. Language as a meansof social communication can be illustrated in the social network facebook. The phrase is notpredicative and does not have verb and phrases are groups of words. The phrase can be dividedinto phrases and phrases eksosentrik and endosentrik. The use of the phrase alone is consideredless sufficiet when used to make facebook social media users use the appropriate phrase. Facebookuser community consists of some society levels, the top level society, middle level society andbottom level society. Many Facebook users do not care about it because each of them has a styleand language in their own words. No exception educated people, for example, teachers also use alot of slang phrase because era development factors which one of them is language. This studyused a qualitative approach because the research aimed to explain itself and to describe errors ofphrase using that appear in the facebook social media. This research data was screenshot of thestatus sentences .The data source was facebook. Based on the findings of the data and data analysis,it is found some the use of noun phrase, verb phrase, the adjecive phrase, numeralia phrases andprepositional phrase as its function in facebook. According to Samsuri, There are five kinds ofphrases: (1) noun phrase, (2) verb phrase, (3) the adjective phrase, (4) the numeralia phrase, and(5) prepositional phrase. Thus, it can be concluded that there are some the use of phrase thatappears in the status which is written by facebook users.

Sonar using chaotic sounding signals

В данной работе рассматривается подход к генерации зондирующего сигнала гидролокатора, основанный на применении систем с детерминированным хаосом. Рассматриваются актуальные подход к генерации зондирующего сигнала при проектировании гидролокаторов. Приводится описание полуявного метода Верле для произвольной системы обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений. Приводится методология построения композиционных схем для получения методов численного интегрирования произвольного порядка на основе симметричного опорного метода. Приводятся результаты компьютерного моделирования форм различных сигналов до и после прохождения через имитацию водной среды. Приводятся экспериментальные результаты оценки погрешности в распознавании сигнала при различных значениях соотношения сигнал/шум имитируемой среды, проводится сравнительная оценка в значениях, полученных с использованием различных сигналов. Приводятся результаты оценки устойчивости исследуемых сигналов к перекрёстным помехам, проведена сравнительная оценка рассмотренных подходов к генерации зондирующего сигнала. Сделаны выводы о применимости хаотических сигналов в качестве зондирующих In this paper, we consider an approach to generating a sonar sounding signal based on the use of systems with deterministic chaos. The current approach to the generation of sounding singal in the design of sonar is considered. The semi-implicit Wehrle method for an arbitrary system of ordinary differential equations is described. A methodology for constructing composite schemes for obtaining methods of numerical integration of arbitrary order based on the symmetric reference method is presented. The results of computer simulation of the forms of various signals before and after passing through the simulated water environment are presented. Experimental results of estimating the error in signal recognition at different values of the signal-to-noise ratio of the simulated environment are presented, and a comparative assessment is made in the values obtained using different signals. The results of the evaluation of the stability of the studied signals to crosstalk are presented, and a comparative evaluation of the considered approaches to the generation of the probing signal is carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the applicability of chaotic signals as probing signals

Statistical Validation Framework for Automotive Vehicle Simulations Using Uncertainty Learning

The modelling and simulation process in the automotive domain is transforming. Increasing system complexity and variant diversity, especially in new electric powertrain systems, lead to complex, modular simulations that depend on virtual vehicle development, testing and approval. Consequently, the emerging key requirements for automotive validation involve a precise reliability quantification across a large application domain. Validation is unable to meet these requirements because its results provide little information, uncertainties are neglected, the model reliability cannot be easily extrapolated and the resulting application domain is small. In order to address these insufficiencies, this paper develops a statistical validation framework for dynamic systems with changing parameter configurations, thus enabling a flexible validation of complex total vehicle simulations including powertrain modelling. It uses non-deterministic models to consider input uncertainties, applies uncertainty learning to predict inherent model uncertainties and enables precise reliability quantification of arbitrary system parameter configurations to form a large application domain. The paper explains the framework with real-world data from a prototype electric vehicle on a dynamometer, validates it with additional tests and compares it to conventional validation methods. It is published as an open-source document. With the validation information from the framework and the knowledge deduced from the real-world problem, the paper solves its key requirements and offers recommendations on how to efficiently revise models with the framework’s validation results.