scholarly journals On the problem of grain damage in the form of dark spots in field conditions when cultivating rice in Krasnodar region

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02043
Author(s):  
Natalia Tumanyan ◽  
Tatyana Kumeiko ◽  
Sergey Garkusha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Pathogenic Effect ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
High Degree

The analysis of grain damage in the form of dark spots of Russian rice varieties grown in Krasnodar region in 2011-2020 has been carried out. Rice grain was damaged during the filling period, mainly in full ripeness. The high degree of damage was the reason for the deterioration of grain quality. The degree of damage varied over the years. 2011 and 2012 were characterized by a high content of damaged grains (up to 3-20%). The degree of damage to rice grain was different in different agar-landscape zones of Krasnodar region: in the Krasnoarmeysky district it was higher than in the Abinsky. On panicles of variety Rapan without stinkbugs, one caryopsis with damage was found, while on panicles with stinkbugs, their number increased to 12.4-20.3%. In variety Kurazh, damage to caryopses in the form of dark spots on panicles with stinkbugs reached 10.1-19.1%. A significant increase in the degree of damage to rice grain stored in storage began in 2011. In 2011, the content of damaged grains increased by more than 1%, in 2012 it reached 8.3% in the Slavyansky district. Since 2013, the degree of damage to rice grain in the field began to decrease. It is concluded that the damage is associated with the pathogenic effect on the plant and the caryopsis of bug insects with a piercing-sucking mouth apparatus. Damage to caryopses was insignificant in 2015-2020.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Irrigation Interval after Anthesis on Grain Quality, Alkali Digestion, and Gel Consistency of Rice

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Ramin Rayee ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
Tran Dang Khanh ◽  
Hoang-Dung Tran ◽  
Kifayatullah Kakar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Gel Consistency ◽  
Alkali Digestion

The management of amylose and protein contents and cooking quality are the main challenges in rice macronutrients and quality improvement. This experiment was conducted to examine the rice grain quality, alkali digestion, and gel consistency responses to irrigation interval after anthesis. Three rice varieties (K1, K3, and K4) were subjected to different irrigation intervals (1, 2, and 3 d) after anthesis. The findings of this study showed that the protein content was markedly increased from 6.53–6.63% to 9.93–10.16%, whilst the amylose content was decreased significantly from 22.00–22.43% to 16.33–17.56% under stressed treatments at irrigation intervals, whilst the quantity of fatty acids was not affected. The 3-d irrigation interval recorded the highest protein content but the lowest amylose value. In addition, this treatment shows lower gelatinization temperature, but it is negatively associated with hard gel consistency under irrigation interval. This study highlights that the water management following a 3-d irrigation interval from anthesis is a useful and simple treatment to improve rice nutrients and grain cooking quality.

scholarly journals Applications and Potential of Genome-Editing Systems in Rice Improvement: Current and Future Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Javaria Tabassum ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Babar Hussain ◽  
Amos Musyoki Mawia ◽  
Aqib Zeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Improvement ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Food crop production and quality are two major attributes that ensure food security. Rice is one of the major sources of food that feeds half of the world’s population. Therefore, to feed about 10 billion people by 2050, there is a need to develop high-yielding grain quality of rice varieties, with greater pace. Although conventional and mutation breeding techniques have played a significant role in the development of desired varieties in the past, due to certain limitations, these techniques cannot fulfill the high demands for food in the present era. However, rice production and grain quality can be improved by employing new breeding techniques, such as genome editing tools (GETs), with high efficiency. These tools, including clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems, have revolutionized rice breeding. The protocol of CRISPR/Cas9 systems technology, and its variants, are the most reliable and efficient, and have been established in rice crops. New GETs, such as CRISPR/Cas12, and base editors, have also been applied to rice to improve it. Recombinases and prime editing tools have the potential to make edits more precisely and efficiently. Briefly, in this review, we discuss advancements made in CRISPR systems, base and prime editors, and their applications, to improve rice grain yield, abiotic stress tolerance, grain quality, disease and herbicide resistance, in addition to the regulatory aspects and risks associated with genetically modified rice plants. We also focus on the limitations and future prospects of GETs to improve rice grain quality.

VARIABILITY OF RICE VARIETIES OF RUSSIAN BREEDING WITH LOW AMYLOSE CONTENT ON TECHNOLOGICAL GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS IN CONNECTION WITH THE NITROGEN NUTRITION LEVEL IN VEGETATION CONDITIONS IN ABINSKY DISTRICT, KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Kumeyko ◽  
◽  
N.G. Tumanian
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Different Doses

The article studies the technological grain quality traits of rice varieties of Russian breeding Rapan, Flagman, Olimp, Azov, Patriot in the yield of 2017-2019 grown in the Abinsky district, Krasnodar region. Purpose of the research was to study the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the technological grain quality traits of rice varieties with a low amylose content. Rice varieties were evaluated by mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains, filminess, vitreousity, and fracture when grown with different doses of nitrogen fertilizers N60, N120. With an increase in the dose of nitrogen to N120, "the mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains", "vitreousity", "fracture" remained unchanged or the "filminess" changed. The pattern of changes in grain quality traits may indicate an intensive type of varieties Rapan and Olimp.

REACTION OF RICE VARIETIES PERMITED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH YIELD FORMATION WITH A HIGH GRAIN QUALITY ON LEVEL OF NITROGEN NUTRITION IN AGROLANDSCAPE ZONES OF KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Tumanian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

An increase in the doses of nitrogen fertilizers applied during the cultivation of new rice varieties Nautilus and Yakhont in the old-deltoid and valley agrolandscape zones led to significant changes in grain quality traits. The grain size of the varieties grown in the Krasnoarsmeysky district did not change due to the level of nitrogen fertilizers, for those grown in the Abinsky district, decreased by 0.3 g in variety Nautilus and increased in variety Yakhont with increased dose of applied nitrogen. The vitreousity of grain increased in Nautilus in the Krasnoarmeysky district by 2%, in Abinsky - by 7%; in the variety Yakhont - increased by 2% and practically did not change, respectively. A tendency toward a decrease in grain fracture in the Krasnoarmeysky district and an increase in head rice content in the variety Nautilus in the Krasnoarmeysky and Abinsky districts was noted.

scholarly journals Substitution Mapping of Two Closely Linked QTLs Controlling Grain Chalkiness and Grain Shape on Rice Chromosome 8

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Yang ◽  
Liang Xiong ◽  
Jiayan Liang ◽  
Qingwen Hao ◽  
Xin Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Substitution Mapping ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Grain Chalkiness

Abstract Background: Rice varieties are required to have high yield and good grain quality. Grain chalkiness and grain shape are two important traits of rice grain quality. Low chalkiness slender grains are preferred by most rice consumers. Here, we dissected two closely linked quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling grain chalkiness and grain shape on rice chromosome 8 by substitution mapping. Results: Two closely linked QTLs controlling grain chalkiness and grain shape were identified using single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs). The two QTLs were then dissected on rice chromosome 8 by secondary substitution mapping. qPGC8.1 was located in an interval of 1382.6 kb and qPGC8.2 was mapped in a 2057.1 kb region. The maximum distance of the two QTLs was 4.37 Mb and the space distance of two QTL intervals was 0.72 Mb. qPGC8.1 controlled grain chalkiness and grain width. qPGC8.2 was responsible for grain chalkiness and for grain length and grain width. The additive effects of qPGC8.1 and qPGC8.2 on grain chalkiness were not affected by heat stress. Conclusions: Two closely linked QTLs qPGC8.1 and qPGC8.2 were dissected on rice chromosome 8. They controlled the phenotypes of grain chalkiness and grain shape. The two QTLs were insensitive to high temperature.

scholarly journals Morphological Observation and Correlation of Growth and Yield Characteristics with Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Exotic Rice Varieties of Afghanistan

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kifayatullah Kakar ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
Saidajan Abdiani ◽  
Imran Khan Wafa ◽  
Zubair Noori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Panicle Number

Rice is an important staple food for Afghans. Its production has been increased, and attention is needed to improve grain quality. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth, yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and morphological structures of four exotic rice varieties widely grown in Afghanistan (Attai-1, Jalalabad-14, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass). Antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), of rice grain were determined. A scanning electron microscopic observation was conducted on the cross-cut section of dehulled rice grains. The results showed a wide variation among four rice varieties for growth, grain yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and morphology. Tiller and panicle number per hill, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and antioxidant activities were found to be highest in Jalalabad-14. Attai-1 showed lower amylose, protein, and lipid contents with a high number of perfect grains, consequently enhanced taste point (score of quality). Grain yield, protein, and amylose contents showed a negative correlation with antioxidant activities. Accumulated structures in Attai-1, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass were normal; however, Jalalabad-14 increased protein bodies and its traces in the amyloplasts. Information on yield potential, grain quality, and nutritional value of these exotic rice varieties may useful for sustainable food provision and nutritional improvement of rice in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Colored rice varieties of Russian breeding in terms of grain quality for development of functional rice varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
N G Tumanian ◽  
Zh M Mukhina ◽  
L V Esaulova ◽  
E Yu Papulova ◽  
E G Savenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
State Register ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Iodine Reaction

In order to develop rice breeding material of a functional direction, technological and biochemical grain quality traits of varieties bred by the Federal Scientific Rice Centre (Rubin, Mars, Mavr, Gagat, Yuzhnaya noch) with a colored grain pericarp, high content of anthocyanins and intended for functional nutrition were studied. The varieties were grown in the valley agrolandscape zone of Krasnodar region (Russia) in 2017–2019. The studied rice varieties are included in the State Register of Protected Breeding Achievements. The grain size by weight of 1000 absolutely dry grains (weight of 1000 a.d.g.) was determined according to GOST 10842-89, fracturing on a DSZ-3 diaphanoscope, protein content was measured using an Infralum FT-10 device. The determination of amylose was carried out colorimetrically using the amylose-iodine reaction according to Juliano. The varieties have a medium-sized caryopsis (21.5-27.0 g of 1000 grains); of them, the variety Yuzhnaya noch is characterized by the smallest grain. The variety Mars belongs to the low amylose group, varieties Mavr, Rubin and Gagat to the medium amylose group, Yuzhnaya noch to the waxy group. In terms of protein content in grain, all varieties are classified as medium protein. The maximum grain fracture was in variety Mavr in the range of 19-25% and the minimum in Mars and Gagat, respectively 2-5 and 2-6%. Variations in grain size indicators, amylose and protein content of varieties are weak in all varieties of special purpose, which testified to their high stability under growing conditions.

scholarly journals Rice grain quality and starch digestibility- desired traits for evaluating rice varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (Special) ◽  
pp. 208-220
Author(s):  
Torit Baran Bagchi ◽  
Sarangadhar Nayak ◽  
Monalisha Biswal ◽  
Soumya Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Awadhesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sensory Qualities

Rice grain quality is the most important factor for evaluation of a variety as well as millers, consumers and farmer's point of view. It includes physico-chemical, nutritional and sensory qualities. The consumers of India and other south east Asian countries prefer medium to high amylose content (AC) rice due to their non-stickiness properties of boiled rice but in many Asian countries, waxy rice (having low AC) mainly preferred. The colour of rice grain may be white, purple, red and black; which are mainly associated with pericarp or bran layers of the whole grain. The bran contains most of the phytochemicals like oils, antioxidants, minerals, proteins, vitamins and crude fibers in higher concentration than white endosperm. Pigmented rice is generally rich in nutritional compounds as compared to white one but those are unpopular among the farmers because of many undesirable physiological and agronomic characteristics. Sensory qualities like colour, texture, pasting properties, aroma are essential for consumers as per their preference and acceptance. As rice grain is mainly composed by starch, hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes and converted into glucose which is the major energy source for various metabolic functions. After fulfilling the body energy requirement, extra calories from starch are stored as fats or glycogen for later use. Therefore, overeating food containing rice with sedentary lifestyle potentially leads to some health issues, such as type-II diabetes, obesity and colon diseases in long term particularly in Asian countries. Various biochemical factors affect the starch digestibility and Glycemic index (GI) of a food or its products. These factors are resistant starch, AC and phytic acid which lowers the starch digestibility by various ways and have been negatively correlated with GI value. Now-a-days quality assessment of rice grain in terms of its nutritional as well as physico-chemical parameters is gaining prime importance gradually.

VARIABILITY OF NEW RICE VARIETIES VELES, EZHIK AND SIGNAL GROWN IN KRASNOARMEYSKY DISTRICT, KRASNODAR REGION BY TECHNOLOGICAL GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S Chizhikova ◽  
◽  
K.K. Olkhovaya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Krasnodar Region

The article presents the results of evaluation of new rice varieties Veles, Ezhik and Signal on technological grain quality traits. The effect of various doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the main traits of quality indicators is analyzed. It was found that with an increase in the dose of nitrogen nutrition (Background + N30), the mass is 1000 absolutely grains, fracturing, and head rice content decreased or remained unchanged, the filminess increased or remained unchanged. To determine the variability of rice varieties by grain quality traits, depending on the level of nitrogen nutrition, variability and average values of quality traits were calculated. Variety Ezhik has shown itself as the best variety in terms of grain quality based on low variability in terms of grain quality traits.

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