Introduction

In this chapter, a summary of different synthetic polymers-based water/gas separation techniques is given. It includes the separation of solutes from wastewater and also the purification of gases from various cocktails. Moreover, a summary of individual chapters of this book entitled ‘Polymeric Membranes for Water Purification and Gas Separation’ is shown in the conclusion section.

PURIFICATION OF GASES AND LIQUIDS BY THE METHODS OF ADSORPTION AND ABSORPTION

The paper deals with the essence of private cases of sorption, their distribution in nature, technique and chemical technology, the role of surface phenomena in the processes of syn-thesis and the formation of physical-chemical and other properties of systems.

Reducing of industrial atmospheric emissions using electrocyclone

The article is focused on capturing process-related dust at industrial enterprises (in chemical, metallurgical and energy industries). An electrocyclone can be recommended for the purification of gases emitted into the atmosphere from particulates, such as sodium percarbonate (efficiency 97.5%–99.9%), iron-vanadium concentrate (98.0% - 99.9%), fly ash (99.0%–99.9%). However, the fumes from copper-smelting furnaces cannot be purified with high efficiency (less than 50–60%) because of their properties. Using electrocyclone will reduce the amount of aerosol emissions, and in some cases, let the emission reach the values set by standards.

Prospects for the Use of the Sorbent for Purification of Gases from Sulfur-Containing Components on the Basis of Manganese Ore

The physical and chemical properties of "loose" manganese ore of Ulu-Telyak Deposit of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the possibility of its use as an effective sorbent for purification of exhaust gases of metallurgical, chemical, oil refining, mining and other industries are studied. Analyses were carried out on the phase composition, chemical composition, determined the specific surface area of the pores and thermogravimetric method of water content. The process of sorption of a gas mixture containing hydrogen sulfide, methyl and ethyl mercaptans was also studied. The results of the experiments concluded that the prospects of using this "loose" manganese ore for the sorption of sulfur-containing gases.

Increase in Efficiency of Processes of Purification of Gases of Aluminous Production

Technical actions for decrease in harmful effects on the surrounding environment from the rotating furnaces of agglomeration of JSC RUSAL Achinskare offered. Additional technical solution on tertiary treatment of flue gases of the furnace of agglomeration in a scrubber electric precipitators and the direction of purified gases on repartition of carbonization of the aluminous shop is developed. the providing decrease in harmful emissions in the atmosphere to the level of maximum-permissible concentration. The carried-out trial tests of the offered technology confirmed that except effective purification of flue gases of furnaces of agglomeration of inorganic dust and carbon dioxide the high extent of decomposition of alyuminatny solution necessary for technology of receiving alumina is provided.

Progress and perspectives in high-purity substance production for semiconductor industry

In the last decade, novel approaches for post-synthesis processes of separation and high purification of gases are gaining larger acceptance in industry. The market is competing with consolidated operations such as cryogenic distillation. The key for new approaches of distillation, membranes and crystallization in challenging and harsh environments is the development of new tough, high-performance materials that are characterized by higher energy efficiency compared with conventional cryogenic distillation. This review highlights the most promising fields of research in high purification and separation of gases by considering the elevated pressure and thermal distillations, membrane cascades, purification in synthesis by use of catalytic technologies, crystallization and hydride methods based on them.