Technological schemes of coal extraction in closed mines with the use of backhoes

At the present time on the fields of operating and closed-down mines there are sections of open-pit operations. However, the adopted technology does not meet environmental requirements, there are no scientific recommendations on the technology of open-pit mining in hazardous areas of mine fields, there is no substantiation of the boundary contours of open-pit mining. A characteristic feature of depleted mine fields is the disturbed rock mass and the lack of concentrated coal reserves within their boundaries. In fact, coal reserves are represented in the form of fragmentary volumes of safety pillars and substandard reserves in places of geological disturbances. Limitation of mine fields in terms of various infrastructure objects imposes special requirements for mining operations. In these conditions it is not possible to apply the classic mining systems and technologies. This predetermines the necessity to develop new technological solutions. Therefore, scientific research on justification of technology for extraction of remaining reserves of coal after underground development of inclined and steep-sloping coal deposits with simultaneous reclamation of disturbed lands is actual.

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On the Measures to Solve Environmental Problems of the Territory with Intensive Open Pit Coal Mining

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201910502006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 02006

Author(s):

Tatiana Gvozdkova ◽

Pawel Stefanek ◽

Michaela Koščová

Keyword(s):

Soil Cover ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Radioactive Isotopes ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Coal Deposits ◽

Disturbed Land ◽

Ecological Problems ◽

Suitable Form

Ecological problems in the open pit mining of coal deposits are extremely hard, since mining operations are accompanied by disturbed land to a large depth with significant changes in the landscape, hydrometeorological conditions, mixing of rocks and removal of infertile or even harmful rocks with radioactive isotopes to the surface. Disturbed lands are unusable if they are not repaired. All man-made disturbances of the environment caused by open pit mining are divided into landscape (changes in terrain, vegetation and soil cover) and environmental (violation of living conditions within the allotment and adjacent lands: changes in water regime, pollution of the soil, air and water basins) onesOne of the most important areas in the field of environmental protection is the reclamation (restoration) of the earth’s surface. In accordance with the requirements of the protection of the subsoil, enterprises engaged in the development of mineral deposits are obliged at their own expense to bring disturbed lands into a state suitable form for their further use. Reclamation of ought to be carried out during open pit mining operations and must be completed after mining of mineral resources in the terms established by the authorities that provide land for use.

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On evaluation of complex-structured coal deposits based on their typical geometric features

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130301029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 303 ◽

pp. 01029

Author(s):

Alexander Katsubin ◽

Victor Martyanov ◽

Milan Grohol

Keyword(s):

Surface Mining ◽

Geological Structure ◽

Point Of View ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Coal Deposits ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Large Length

Information about the geological structure of Kuznetsky coal basin (Kuzbass) allows us to note that coal deposits developed by open-cast method are characterized by complicated conditions and have the following features: large length of deposits at significant depths of occurrence; coal series bedding of different thicknesses (from 1 to 40 m); different dip angles (from 3 to 90º); a significant number of dip and direction disturbances; different thickness of unconsolidated quaternary sediments (from 5 to 40 m); a wide range of strength values of rocks. In addition, there is a thickness irregularity and frequent variability of elements of occurrence of coal seams within the boundaries of a quarry field both in length and depth of mining. From the point of view of open-pit mining, such deposits are complex-structured. The factors listed above have a decisive influence on the choice of technical means, the order of development and the possibility of carrying out surface mining operations. Therefore, there is a need for a systematization of mining and geological conditions for the development of coal deposits, the purpose of which is to ensure a process of evaluation of complex-structured coal deposits for the development of coal-bearing zones by various complexes of equipment.

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Combined Method of Coal Mining in the Opening of Shallow Layers as a Direction of Innovative Development of Geotechnology

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131501006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 315 ◽

pp. 01006

Author(s):

Tatiana Tyuleneva ◽

Roman Shishkov ◽

Elena Kucherova ◽

Marat Moldazhanov

Keyword(s):

Coal Mining ◽

Underground Mining ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Balanced Development ◽

Coal Reserves ◽

The Cost

In recent years, there has been a decline in the efficiency of coal mining by traditional methods. On the one hand, the volume of coal outside the contour of the cut, which is economically impractical for open-pit mining, is increasing. On the other hand, when using underground geotechnology, the cost of production exceeds the cost of performing mining operations using open geotechnology, this is due to differences in the factors of operation of the open pit and the mine. This circumstance determines the use of open-underground technology for mining coal reserves outside the contour of the open pit as an actual and promising direction. This article describes a methodological approach based on the use of technological schemes for the preparation and treatment of reserves of powerful shallow coal seams, the justification of the parameters of combined geotechnology with a coordinated and balanced development of open and open-underground mining operations with the distribution of reserves for open and open-underground mining of coal reserves beyond the limit contour of the open pit, the preparation of excavation sites directly from its workings and the coordination of production capacity and the speed of their development. Its application will increase the production capacity of the coal mining complex without additional environmental burden and will provide an increased return on investment.

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Landslide stabilization experience in Urtui open pit mine

Gornyi Zhurnal ◽

10.17580/gzh.2021.01.17 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102-106

Author(s):

O. A. Isyanov ◽

◽

D. I. Ilderov ◽

V. I. Suprun ◽

S. A. Radchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rock Mass ◽

Large Scale ◽

Geological Structure ◽

Stability Control ◽

Open Pit Mine ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Coal Seams ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Early Access

Instability of pit wall slopes is the most critical accident in open pit mining. The risk of damages to pit walls is proportional to the height of exposed surfaces and to the time of exposure. Among many factors governing pit wall stability, the major factor is geological structure and weakening zones in rock mass. Deformation processes are initiated in host rock mass of coal seams mostly because of undercutting of weak interlayers. Alongside with local undercutting, another cause of landslides is transition of coal mining from down-dip extraction to up-dip extraction. The sequence of mining and morphology of weak interlayers also have influence on initiation and evolution of deformations. The basic component of engineering solutions on pit wall stability control is optimization of mining sequence and methods of accessing working horizons in open pit mines. Large-scale deformation of Western and Southeastern pit walls in Urtui mine could be avoided using the optimized sequence of mining operations. For example, mining advance mostly along the curve of the Urtui centroclinal fold, with early access and destress of the eastern and, first of all, western wings of the fold could make it possible to evade from up-dip mining of coal seams and, as a consequence, to solve the major geomechanical problems in the open pit mine.

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On the Need to Revise the Rules for the Protection of Structures and Natural Objects from the Harmful Effects of Mining

Occupational Safety in Industry ◽

10.24000/0409-2961-2021-7-13-18 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

S.B. Kulibaba ◽

◽

E.V. Fedorov ◽

Keyword(s):

Underground Mining ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Surface Damage ◽

Coal Extraction ◽

Open Pit ◽

Earth Surface ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Natural Objects ◽

Coal Deposits ◽

Mining Coal

Conditions for the coal extraction under the built-up areas and natural objects in the Russian Federation are fully regulated by the Rules for the protection of structures and natural objects from the harmful effect of the underground mining at the coal deposits. Determination of the degree of danger of effecting mining operations on these objects, and the choice of measures for their protection are carried out based on the calculation of the earth surface deformations. The purpose of the work is to develop proposals for the modernization of the current regulatory and methodological document based on the analysis of the compliance of its provisions with the modern conditions of the deposits underground mining. Experience of applying the document under consideration in the modern conditions of the development of coal deposits showed that many of its provisions contain a number of inaccuracies, in particular: ambiguity in determining the boundaries of the zone of dangerous influence of the underground mining; lack of a methodology for predicting the period of damping of the process of earth surface damage after stopping the working face; limited conditions for determining the standard deformation indicators for civil buildings, etc. In addition, in this document, only the underground method of mining coal seams is considered, while the more promising is a combined development, combining underground and open-pit methods. The problem of inconsistency of the current rules provisions with the modern conditions can have a very negative effect on the safe state of the undermined objects. Based on the analysis of the identified shortcomings, a number of proposals for improving the rules was developed. In particular, it was proposed to expand them by including the rules and regulations of the combined method of deposits development. It is also required to update the normative and methodological parts of the document bringing them in line with the modern conditions of deposit development considering the accumulated experience of the objects undermining, and the results of the latest studies of rock mass deformation.

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The Challenges of Open-Pit Mining in the Vicinity of the Salt Dome (Bełchatów Lignite Deposit, Poland)

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13081913 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1913

Author(s):

Marek Cała ◽

Katarzyna Cyran ◽

Joanna Jakóbczyk ◽

Michał Kowalski

Keyword(s):

Rock Mass ◽

Large Scale ◽

Salt Dome ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Stability Conditions ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Mass Behavior ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Wall Slope

The extraction of the Bełchatów lignite deposit located in the vicinity of the Dębina salt dome requires careful planning that considers the influence of mining projects on the slope and salt dome stability conditions. The instability problem is directly related to horizontal and vertical displacement, as well as the complex geological and mining conditions. These conditions are very unique with regard to the co-occurrence of the salt dome and lignite deposits in the same area, as well as the large scale of the pit wall slope. Thus, predicting rock mass behavior and ensuring the safety of mining operations are important issues. The presented analysis focused on the influence of long-term lignite extraction on the western pit wall slope of the Bełchatów field and the salt dome’s stability conditions. This study offers a comprehensive approach to a complex geotechnical problem defined by large-scale, complex geometry, and geological conditions. The rock mass behavior and stress conditions are simulated in numerical modelling. The results of the presented analysis will be useful not only for present mining activities but also for future developments related to post-mining and recultivation plans.

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Proportionality and Cyclicity of the Quarry Working Area Development

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184101031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 01031 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexei Selyukov ◽

Peter Blištan ◽

Stanislav Jacko ◽

Viliam Bauer

Keyword(s):

Mining Area ◽

Coal Extraction ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Key Points ◽

The Individual ◽

Further Development ◽

Area Development ◽

Field Area

The mining science, unlike many other technical sciences, studies the processes that occur not in one place, but in moving faces. The primary task is to analyze the influence of the various factors defining the parameters of the quarry operational area and to define a possibility of mining operations’ concentrating on the individual sections of the quarry, taking into account their further development downdip and in-depth. The intensity of their movement depends on the surface and on the excavating equipment capacity. The development of open pit mining area in time and space is subject to certain rules. Thus, the initiating works providing the access to the deposit should be ahead of the work on the preparation of excavation blocks, and the latter coal extraction. The intensity of the implementation of this works is also associated with certain patterns of the quarry working area development. The article describes the calculation method for determining the cyclical size of the working area, as a function of some key points: the time of working area development; its speed vector; the direction of the depth of mining and the quarry field area.

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Planetary fracturing and lineaments revealed in the Kovdor magnetite–apatite ore deposit by open pit mining

Gornyi Zhurnal ◽

10.17580/gzh.2020.12.06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

I. B. Agarkov ◽

◽

I. M. Ignatenko ◽

V. A. Dunaev ◽

I. S. Kryuchkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rock Mass ◽

Hard Rock ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Structural Mapping ◽

Remote Assessment ◽

Tectonic Origin

The analysis of the studies into fracturing of Zhelezny pitwall rock mass over the period from 1989 to 2019 proves that planetary fracturing is represented by faults, carbonatite dykes and single fractures oriented in the same direction as the prevailing regional lineaments on the Kola Peninsula. Planetary fracturing is assumed as a system of regular-oriented fractures. The planetary fracturing also includes lineaments of tectonic origin. The scientists think the faults registered in the pitwall rock mass and codirectional with the lineaments will accompany mining operations down to the full depth of the pit, up to the full extraction of magnetite–apatite ore reserves. While preparing this article, the authors have collected, generalized and analyzed the data of geological and structural mapping implemented by VIOGEM’s experts over the period from 1989 to 2019. VIOGEM’s procedure of geological and structural mapping ensures continuous documentation of extensional tectonics at high referencing accuracy (to 50 cm), as well as determination of inaccessible azimuths and angles of fractures by remote assessment of their orientations in pit walls using a laser scanner and photographic techniques to study the structure of hard rock mass and the behavior of permanent benches.

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Study on the influence of the deformation zones of the quarry sides on the rock mass movement

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130402002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 304 ◽

pp. 02002

Author(s):

Vokhid Kadirov ◽

Sherzod Karimov ◽

Uchqun Qushshayev ◽

Durdona Sharapova

Keyword(s):

Rock Mass ◽

Mass Movement ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Structural Features ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Rock Masses ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Dump Trucks ◽

The Stability

The article presents a study and analysis of the causes of deformation of the slopes and sides of the quarry indicates that the magnitude and nature of the deformation processes depend on the height of the ledge, the angle of slope of the slopes, the physical and mechanical properties, the lithological and structural features of the instrument array and the geodynamic activity of the fault zones. The influence of the deformation zones of the sides of the quarry on the transport of rock masses is justified. The zone of deformed masses of the ore deposit, which affect the movement of the rock mass, is studied. Each process performed in open pit mining is linked to another workflow. Without ensuring the safety of mining operations and performing the tasks set is impossible. Transportation of rock masses in the lower horizons of a deep quarry is one of the main tasks of the industry. At the same time, the removal of deformation and landslides in the area where the transport berm is being constructed for draining and continuous transportation is the main goal of the quarry. The stability of the transport berm depends directly on the stability of the side of the quarry. It is determined that the choice of a single-lane or twolane transport berm constructed for heavy-duty quarry dump trucks depends on the condition of the side of the quarry.

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Technological Solutions for Processing Closed Coal Mines by Open Pit Method

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184101041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 01041

Author(s):

Vladimir Makarov ◽

Péter Kovacs ◽

Samuel Dagmar ◽

Riccardo Paulman

Keyword(s):

Underground Mining ◽

Underground Mines ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

Harmful Emissions ◽

Coal Reserves ◽

Working Out

The main sources of environmental pollution are: pollution from the residual effects of working out of mine fields by underground method; pollution from secondary mining of mine fields by the open method. The pollution of the environment from the underground mining of mine fields is mainly due to the erosion of the surface of the ditches caused by collapse of the underground workings, spontaneous combustion of the remaining coal reserves and exit of poison gases SO2 and CO to the surface through the cracks from the lower horizons of the worked-out mine fields. This makes actual the research of technological possibilities of harmful emissions reducing when quarrying underground mines’ fields. The environment deterioration from conducting open pit mining operations in the underground mine fields is caused by the technological processes of quarrying (preparation of rock for excavation, excavation, transportation of rocks and coal, dumping), by the objects of the open pit infrastructure (industrial site, transport communications, trenches and other workings, coal storage and rock dumps). The main direction of eliminating the negative environmental consequences of underground mining is the localization or complete isolation of the underground mines influence’ on the surface.

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