The use of superior varieties to increase rice yields in lowland irrigated of Southeast Sulawesi

In order to increase national rice production, the Ministry of Agriculture has released some high yielding varieties. The research was aimed to obtain superior rice varieties adapted to irrigated lowland agro-ecosystems of Southeast Sulawesi. In the first planting season, research was carried out in Olo-oloho Village, Uepai sub district and the second season at the Wawotobi Experimental Garden. Eight varieties were tested, i.e. Inpari 31, Inpari 34, Inpari 35, Inpari 38, Inpari 39, Inpari 41, Inpari 42, Inpari 43 and Mekongga. The variables observed were growth, yield and pest and disease dynamics. The results shows that there was variation growth and yield of the tested varieties. The growth and yield also varied depend on the season. In the first planting season, Inpari 34 and Inpari 43 showed better growth than others, but Inpari 31 resulted the highest rice yield (4.83 t/ha). In the second planting season, only Inpari 34 showed consistent growth, but the variety that had showed the highest yield was Inpari 43 (8.13 t/ha).

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Growth and yield of several rice varieties in swampland agroecosystems in Mesuji Regency, Lampung Province

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130601042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 306 ◽

pp. 01042

Author(s):

Slameto ◽

Meidaliyantisyah ◽

Arfi Irawati

Keyword(s):

Food Production ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Local Area ◽

Rice Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Local Variety ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Increase Food Production ◽

Potential Area

Swampland agroecosystem is a potential area for rice extensification program in order to increase food production. This study aimed to examine the growth and yield of several rice varieties planted in swampland agroecosystems in Mesuji Regency, Lampung Province. The experiment was conducted from November 2020 until March 2021. The planting location was in Tanjung Mas Jaya Village, Mesuji Timur District, Mesuji Regency, Lampung Province. The rice varieties planted were IAARD’s Superior varieties (Cilamaya Muncul, Inpara-2, Inpara-8, and Inpari IR Nutrizinc), multinational varieties (Mapan and Supadi) and existing local variety (Kebo). The observed variables were components of the growth and production of rice plants. The data were analyzed using Duncan test. The results showed that the yield was significantly different between the rice varieties planted. The lowest rice yield was obtained from the Inpara-2 variety (7.573 ton ha-1 of HDG). The highest yield of rice was in the Kebo variety (10.400 ton ha-1 of HDG). In order to gain optimal rice production in an area, it is necessary to use superior varieties of rice that have been adaptive to the local area.

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The Identification of Rice Varieties Used in Central Sulawesi

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202123203013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 232 ◽

pp. 03013

Author(s):

Femmi Norfahmi ◽

Komalawati Komalawati ◽

Muh. Afif Juradi ◽

Mardiana Mardiana ◽

F.F. Munier

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Rice Production ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Rice Productivity ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

High Yielding Varieties ◽

Central Sulawesi

Central Sulawesi’s rice productivity in 2019 was lower compared to that in 2018. One of the problems for the low productivity of paddy in Central Sulawesi is the application of low quality of seeds. Ministry of Agriculture through Central Sulawesi AIAT has introduced a numbers of new high yielding varieties (HYV) to increase rice production and productivity. To support the dissemination of new HYV, it is important to study the rice varieties that mostly used by farmers in Central Sulawesi. The objectives of this study are to identify the rice varieties and the preferred characteristics of rice varieties that farmers usually used in Central Sulawesi. This study used primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables and graphs. The results show that most farmers in Central Sulawesi use Mekongga, Ciherang, and Cisantana varieties, and local varieties such as Peluncur, Dewi, Ntabone and others. Farmers generally prefer varieties which tend to produce higher yields and resistant to pests and diseases. To maintain the availability of the varieties in Central Sulawesi, it is important to train farmers to become breeders.

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Integrating Statistical and System Dynamics Modelling to Analyse the Impacts of Climate Change on Rice Production in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

10.26686/wgtn.17060483.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Muhamad Bahri

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

System Dynamics ◽

Statistical Models ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Rice Production ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Dynamics Model ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Changing Climate ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change, manifested as temperature rise and rainfall change, will pose significant challenges to rice farmers, leading to a possible rice shortage under a changing climate. This research aims to understand the impacts of climate variability and change on rice production through the rest of this century using Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, and combination of statistical and system dynamic modelling. The area of study is West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Wetland and dryland farming types are assessed separately because they have different rice varieties and different agricultural practices. Overall, the research seeks to answer the question: How will climate change and climate variability affect rice production? Additional questions investigated are (1) What are the most significant supply uncertainties associated with a changing climate? and (2) What are possible solutions for reducing the impacts of climate change on rice production?. To answer these research questions, this study deals with three main research areas. First, based on observed data (1976-2011), this study developed regression-based statistical models in understanding the impacts of climate change on rice yield in West Nusa Tenggara. Statistical models find that the negative impacts of increased minimum temperature on rice yield are statistically significant. By contrast, the effects of maximum temperature on rice yield are not statistically significant. A key reason for this is that the highest maximum temperature (32⁰C) in the observed period (1976-2011) was lower than 35⁰C, a rice threshold for maximum temperature. By 2090 (2077-2100), rice yield in wetland and dryland is projected to decrease by about 3% (RCP2.6 scenario), 4% (RCP4.5 scenario), 5% (RCP6.0 scenario) and 14% (RCP8.5 scenario). Second, a system dynamics model was developed to assess the impacts of climate change on three issues including rice yield, harvested areas and rice production by 2090 (2077-2100). After embedding statistical models and estimating the impacts of maximum temperature on rice yield based on existing studies, the impacts of climate change on rice yield are projected. The system dynamics model is also equipped by August SOI to estimate the impacts of climate change on the timing of monsoon onset i.e the beginning of planting seasons. For assessing harvested areas under a changing climate, the system dynamics model is equipped by a mathematical relationship between seasonal rainfall and harvested areas. Because the system dynamics model includes the impacts of high maximum temperature, the projected loss of rice yield in wetland and dryland is relatively higher compared to that in statistical models. It is projected that rice yield loss will be about 3% (RCP2.6 scenario), 6% (RCP4.5 scenario), 10% (RCP6.0 scenario) and 23% (RCP8.5 scenario) by 2090 (2077-2100). Likewise, rice production loss in wetland and dryland is projected to be about 1% (RCP2.6 scenario), 2% (RCP4.5 scenario), 7% (RCP6.0 scenario) and 19% (RCP8.5 scenario) by 2090 (2077-2100). The projected loss of rice production is relatively lower than rice yield loss as wetland harvested areas are projected to experience a slight increase about 3% by 2090 (2077-2100) under a changing climate. This also means that the ranking of the impacts of climate change from the most significant to the least significant is its impact on rice yield, rice production and harvested areas. Third, policy options in overcoming the impacts of climate change on rice production are assessed. This study suggests that research on finding rice varieties with three main traits: heat tolerance, short growth duration and high yield is key to balance rice demand and rice supply in West Nusa Tenggara by 2090 (2077-2100). A failure to improve rice yield in such ways is likely to lead to significant reductions in rice supply in the face of climate change. This study makes theoretical contributions, including the development of statistical models for understanding the impacts of climate change on rice yield and a causal system for investigating the impacts of climate change on rice yield, rice production and harvested areas. Again, the combination of statistical and system dynamics modelling simultaneously investigates the impacts of climate change on rice yield, rice production and harvested areas. This means that this study provides a more holistic view of the impacts of climate change compared to existing studies. This study also offers practical contributions, advising that declining rice research should be avoided under a changing climate, and suggesting that farming intensification (more climate-resilient rice varieties) is more effective than farming extension (area expansion) in sustaining rice production under a changing climate. Again, research on developing more resilient-climate rice varieties is possible as projected rice yield in sustaining rice production by 2090 (2077-2100) is similar to rice’s yield potential.

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Coupled Irrigation–Drainage Management Practice for HYV Rice Cultivation with Saline-Irrigation Water: Evidence from Lysimeter Experiment

Agricultural Science ◽

10.30560/as.v2n1p95 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. p95

Author(s):

Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman ◽

Tanvir Ahmed ◽

Mohammad Abdul Mojid

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Management Practice ◽

Rice Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Saline Irrigation ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Irrigation Drainage ◽

Main Factor

Irrigation with saline water adversely affects rice production and degrades land productivity in the coastal zones of many countries in the world. This study aimed at developing a suitable irrigation management practice to reduce the harmful effects of salinity on rice production under saline water irrigation. An experiment in raise-bed lysimeters was set in a split-split-plot design with irrigation–drainage practice as the main factor, irrigation water salinity as the sub-factor and rice variety as sub-sub factor; main factor and sub-factor comprised four treatments and the sub-sub factor comprised three treatments, each with three replications. The treatments of the main factor were – T1: 2-5 cm continuous ponding, T2: continuous saturation, T3: changing irrigation water after 3 days of application by maintaining 2-5 cm ponding depth, and T4: changing irrigation water after 5 days of application by maintaining 2-5 cm ponding depth. The sub-factor comprised – SL1: fresh water as control, SL2: saline water of 6 dS m-1, SL3: saline water of 9 dS m-1, and SL4: saline water of 12 dS m-1. The sub-sub factor comprised three salt-tolerant rice varieties V1: Binadhan-8, V2: Binadhan-10, and V3: BRRI dhan-47. The irrigation–drainage practices T2 and T3 provided significantly (p£0.05) improved growth and yield attributes of the rice varieties under salinity water level SL3 and SL4 compared to T1 and T4 treatments. The treatment T3 maintained least exposure of the crop to high degree of salinity and produced satisfactory plant attributes by inhibiting the detrimental effects of salinity. Therefore, T3 is suggested for adoption in practical fields when provision for removing high saline water from the rice fields can be arranged.

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Current Scenario of Breeding Approaches in Rice

10.5772/intechopen.98744 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Suhel Mehandi ◽

Anita Yadav ◽

Ramanuj Maurya ◽

Sudhakar Prasad Mishra ◽

Syed Mohd. Quatadah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Molecular Mapping ◽

Rice Production ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Current Scenario ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Breeding Efficiency ◽

High Yielding Varieties

Rice is the predominant crop in India and is the staple food in eastern and southern Indian populations. One of the oldest grown crops is rice. The initial discovery of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) three-line system made it possible to produce hybrids that significantly increase rice yields compared to its inbred counterparts. Further genetic and molecular studies help elucidate the mechanisms involved in CMS male sterility. Additional CMS types were also discovered with similar genetic control from wild sources by interspecific hybridization. In India more than 1200 varieties were released for cultivation suitable different ecosystems and out of them 128 varieties have been contributed from NRRI, Cuttack. A list of these varieties are furnished below with their duration, grain type, yield potential, reaction to major disease and insects grain quality and tolerance to different adverse situations. Recent advances in molecular approaches used in modern rice breeding include molecular marker technology and marker-assisted selection (MAS); molecular mapping of genes and QTLs and production of hybrids and alien introgression lines (AILs). Genomic selection (GS) has been projected as alternative to conventional MAS. GS has huge potential to enhance breeding efficiency by increasing gain per selection per unit time. Due to the adaptation of semi dwarf high yielding varieties, combined with intensive input management practices, the country witnessed an impressive rice production growth in the post-independent period. Rice production was increased four times, productivity three times while the area increase was only one and half times during this period. The projected rice requirement by 2025, in order to keep up with increasing population, is about 130 m.t. The challenge of growing rice production is made more difficult by declining trends in HYV’s yields, decreasing and degrading natural resources such as land and water and a severe labour shortage.

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Respon Varietas Padi Berpotensi Hasil Tinggi terhadap Pemupukan Nitrogen pada Inceptisols Bertekstur Ringan dan Berat

Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim ◽

10.21082/jti.v44n1.2020.37-49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Diah Setyorini ◽

Ladiyani Retno Widowati ◽

Antonius Kasno

Keyword(s):

Soil Texture ◽

Rice Yield ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Heavy Soil ◽

Hybrid Variety ◽

Main Plot ◽

N Dose ◽

Plot Design

AbstraK. Nitrogen adalah salah satu unsur hara makro esensial yang dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan hasil tanaman padi sawah. Tanpa pemupukan N hasil padi sangat rendah dan relatif sama dengan hasil padi yang tidak dipupuk sama sekali. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis rekomendasi pupuk N untuk padi berpotensi hasil tinggi varietas Inpari 4, Mekongga dan hibrida H6444. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di Inceptisols Plemahan yang bertekstur berat dan Inceptisols Gurah yang bertekstur ringan, di Kabupaten Kediri, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga varietas padi sebagai petak utama dan dosis pupuk N sebagai anak petak, pada Musim Kemarau (MK) 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan dan hasil gabah padi hibrida H6444 lebih tinggi sekitar 14-21% dibandingkan Inpari 4 dan Mekongga. Semakin tinggi dosis N, pertumbuhan dan hasil gabah semakin meningkat. Interaksi antara perlakuan varietas dan dosis N hanya terjadi pada parameter hasil gabah. Dosis maksimum pupuk Urea untuk padi sawah pada tanah bertekstur ringan di desa Gurah berturut-turut adalah 680 dan 715 kg ha-1 untuk Inpari 4 dan Mekongga serta 450 kg ha-1 untuk H6444. Pada tanah bertekstur berat di Plemahan adalah 580 dan 560 kg ha-1 berturut-turut untuk Inpari 4 dan Mekongga dan 350 kg ha-1 untuk H6444. Abstract. Nitrogen is one of macro essential nutrients needed to increase rice yield. In the absence of N fertilization, the rice yield is very low and similar to the rice yield with no fertilization. The objective of the study was to determine recommended dose of N fertilizer for high yielding rice varieties of Inpari 4, Mekongga and H6444 hybrid varieties. Research has been carried out in Inceptisols Plemahan Village with heavy soil texture and Inceptisols in Gurah Village, in Kediri District, East Java Province with light soil texture. The study used a split plot design consisted of three rice varieties as the main plot and six levels of N dose as subplots, in the dry season of 2012. The results showed that the growth and yield of H6444 hybrid variety were 14-21% higher than Inpari 4 and Mekongga. The higher the N dose, the higher were the rice growth and yield. The interaction between varieties and N level was observed in grain yields. The maximum doses of Urea fertilizer for lowland rice in light textured soils in Gurah were 680 and 715 kg ha-1 for Inpari 4 and Mekongga, respectively, and 450 kg ha-1 for H6444. For heavy textured soils in Plemahan is 580 and 560 kg ha-1 for Inpari 4 and Mekongga, respectively, and 350 kg ha-1 for H6444.

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Diversity of Arthropods in Different Rice Varieties in Bantul Regency

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jpti.58587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Indah Sri Lestari ◽

Edhi Martono ◽

Arman Wijonarko

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Transition Process ◽

Research Area ◽

Dominance Index ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

The Family ◽

Family Level ◽

High Yielding Varieties ◽

The Village ◽

Planting Season

High-yielding varieties are used as one of the technologies to increase rice productivity in Indonesia. Varieties, however, invite the arrival of arthropod during their growing phase. One of the method to manage arthropods during the growing stage is the use of high-yielding varieties. In this trial, IR-64, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit, Mekongga and Mixed Varieties were used. The mixed variety is a combination of IR-64, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit and Mekongga. These rice varieties are the most common varieties used by farmers in Bantul Regency. To collect arthropods, the traps used were sweep net, yellow sticky and pitfall traps. The purpose of this study was to determine arthropod’s diversity, evenness and dominance in different rice plant varieties in one planting season. The study was conducted in the village of Wijirejo, Pandak, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The observations were conducted in the evening between 16.00–18.00 p.m., with the interval of twice a week for 5 observations. Arthropods were identified up to the family level. This research resulted in the diversity index (Shannon-Winner) of 1.97–2.82 which is categorized as medium, the evenness index of 0.61–0.71, categorized as medium and the dominance index of 0.10–0.22, categorized as lower level. The ecosystemof the research area was unstable in diversity, evenness, and dominance due to the transition process, and it took quite some times to stabilize the rice fields. Therefore, a more thorough research is still necessary, especially for the ricegrowing season to follow.

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Varietal Trial of Traditional Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Collected in the Province of Negros Occidental

Philippine Social Development and Resource Management Journal ◽

10.36292/psdrmj.v1i1.39 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Angelie L Lumba ◽

Mae Flor G Posadas

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Statistical Tool ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Rice Improvement

Thirteen traditional upland rice varieties (Kadidit Pilit, Red 64, Masipag 9, Masipag 15, Dinorado, Mindoro, Camuros, Masipag 22, Palawan, Suleg, Biday, Pilit , Pilit Talacdan) were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replicates at the experimental area of Central Philippines State University (CPSU), Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental from November 2012 - April 2013. The parameters compared were their agronomic data on growth and yield, including grain characteristics. These data were processed using the one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR) (Version 2.0.1) while Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used to compare significant treatment means at 1% level. The upland rice varieties showed significant variation in growth, yield showed distinct grain characteristics. Biday variety was the tallest, produced longer and wider leaves, and bore the longest panicle. Mindoro and Masipag 22 produced the most number of tillers. Pilit talacdan had the biggest culm, produced the heaviest panicle, with the highest number of filled grains per panicle. Pilit variety gave the heaviest weight of 1,000 grains. The grain features were also found to be distinct in each variety. The yield significantly varied among the upland rice varieties. Pilit and Pilit Talacdan gave the highest yield among the varieties grown at CPSU condition. The performing varieties would be used for upland rice improvement and breeding program and for further verification in the farmer’s field.

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Optimum Dosage of Hyper-Thermophilic Aerobic Compost (HTAC) Produced from Sewage Sludge for Rice Yield

International Journal of Biology ◽

10.5539/ijb.v10n3p27 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Yanfei Cheng ◽

Ryuhei Inamori ◽

Kakeru Ruike ◽

Yuhei Inamori ◽

Zhenya Zhang

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Thermophilic Bacteria ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Stem Height ◽

Environmental Friendliness ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Ripening Rate

Hyper-thermophilic bacteria can shorten the duration of composting process. This study aimed to elucidate the applicability and the optimum fertilization amount of hyper-thermophilic aerobic compost (HTAC) for rice growth and yield. The stem height, tillers number and rice yields in the treatments with HTAC significantly increased with increasing fertilization amount. But the ripening rate of grain was found to be lower at higher fertilization amount (250 and 500 kg N/ha). The rice yield in 180 kg N/ha HTAC treatment was 5.38 t/ha, which is similar with that using recommended amount of chemical fertilizer. The N and P concentrations in surface water of 180 kg N/ha HTAC treatment before midsummer drainage were lower than 1 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, reaching the environmental quality standard. Thus, the optimal fertilization amount of HTAC was deemed as 180 kg N/ha when considering the plant quality and environmental friendliness.

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Assessment of the CERES-Rice model for rice production in the Central Plain of Thailand

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859601001319 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 137 (3) ◽

pp. 289-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S. CHEYGLINTED ◽

S. L. RANAMUKHAARACHCHI ◽

G. SINGH

Keyword(s):

Rice Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

N Application ◽

Acid Sulphate ◽

Central Plain ◽

Acid Sulphate Soils ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Institute Of Technology

CERES-Rice model was used to simulate growth and yield of four common rice varieties in Thailand with the attention on rate and timing of N application, a factor that most limits crop yield. The model predicted slightly higher grain yield than that observed for all varieties at N input of 75 kg/ha, but the differences between observed and simulated yields were not significant, except for varieties HSP and SPR90. The simulated grain[ratio ]straw ratio was significantly higher than the observed value for all varieties except that of HSP. There was no significant difference between the simulated and observed values of days to flowering. Generally, the model reasonably predicted the phenology and yields of RD23 and KDML105 varieties. The model was also used to compare the yields of KDML105 variety as influenced by rate and timing of N application grown in acid sulphate soils. There was a variation in predicted biomass yield with applied N rates at 0 and 150 kg/ha, but timing of application had no effect. In Aeric Endoquept and Sulfic Tropaquept soils at Suphan Buri and Pathum Thani rice research stations, the yield patterns remained unchanged and showed a positive response to N rate up to 75 kg/ha. The model estimated higher grain yields beyond 75 kg N/ha while the observed yield decreased. Based on the simulated yields for a 10-year period at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathum Thani, Suphan Buri, Nakhon Pathom and Ratcha Buri rice research stations the varieties were ranked as: SPR90 > RD23 = HSP > KDML105. The model suggested that SPR90 is the most suitable variety for the central plain and its potential yield ranges from 4030 to 5600 kg/ha. Pathum Thani province, with acid sulphate soils, had the lowest potential for rice production.

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