Optimum Dosage of Hyper-Thermophilic Aerobic Compost (HTAC) Produced from Sewage Sludge for Rice Yield

Hyper-thermophilic bacteria can shorten the duration of composting process. This study aimed to elucidate the applicability and the optimum fertilization amount of hyper-thermophilic aerobic compost (HTAC) for rice growth and yield. The stem height, tillers number and rice yields in the treatments with HTAC significantly increased with increasing fertilization amount. But the ripening rate of grain was found to be lower at higher fertilization amount (250 and 500 kg N/ha). The rice yield in 180 kg N/ha HTAC treatment was 5.38 t/ha, which is similar with that using recommended amount of chemical fertilizer. The N and P concentrations in surface water of 180 kg N/ha HTAC treatment before midsummer drainage were lower than 1 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, reaching the environmental quality standard. Thus, the optimal fertilization amount of HTAC was deemed as 180 kg N/ha when considering the plant quality and environmental friendliness.

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Effect of Fall-Applied Residual Herbicides on Rice Growth and Yield

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2018.41 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 526-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Benjamin H. Lawrence ◽

Jason A. Bond ◽

Henry M. Edwards ◽

Bobby R. Golden ◽

Garret B. Montgomery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Seedling Density ◽

Rice Growth ◽

Rough Rice ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Residual Herbicide

AbstractGlyphosate-resistant (GR) Italian ryegrass is one of the most troublesome weeds in Mississippi row crop production. Fall-applied residual herbicide applications are recommended for control of GR Italian ryegrass. However, carryover of residual herbicides applied in fields for rice production can have a negative impact on rice performance. Field studies were conducted in Stoneville, MS, to determine the effects of fall-applied residual herbicides on rice growth and yield. Herbicide treatments included suggested use rates (1×) of clomazone at 840 g ai ha–1, pyroxasulfone 170 g ai ha–1,S-metolachlor 1,420 g ai ha–1, and trifluralin 1,680 g ai ha–1, and two times (2×) the suggested use rates in the fall before rice seeding. Pooled across application rate, pyroxasulfone,S-metolachlor, and trifluralin injured rice to an extent 28% to 36% greater than clomazone 14 d after emergence (DAE). Rice seedling density and height 14 DAE and rice maturity were negatively affected by all fall-applied herbicides except clomazone. Applications at 2× rates reduced rough rice yields in plots treated with pyroxasulfone,S-metolachlor, and trifluralin compared with clomazone. Pyroxasulfone applied at the 2× rate reduced rough rice yield 22% compared with the 1× rate. Rough rice yield was 90% or greater of the nontreated control in plots treated with either rate ofS-metolachlor, and these were comparable with rough rice yields from plots treated with both rates of trifluralin and the 1× rate of pyroxasulfone. Early-season injury and reductions in seedling density and height 14 DAE, would preclude even 1× applications of pyroxasulfone,S-metolachlor, and trifluralin from being viable options for residual herbicide treatments targeting GR Italian ryegrass in the fall before rice seeding. Of the herbicides evaluated, only clomazone should be utilized as a fall-applied residual herbicide treatment targeting GR Italian ryegrass before seeding rice.

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The use of superior varieties to increase rice yields in lowland irrigated of Southeast Sulawesi

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130601045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 306 ◽

pp. 01045

Author(s):

Muhammad Alwi Mustaha ◽

Cipto Nugroho ◽

Samrin ◽

Dian Rahmawati

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Rice Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Disease Dynamics ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Yields ◽

High Yielding Varieties ◽

Planting Season ◽

Experimental Garden

In order to increase national rice production, the Ministry of Agriculture has released some high yielding varieties. The research was aimed to obtain superior rice varieties adapted to irrigated lowland agro-ecosystems of Southeast Sulawesi. In the first planting season, research was carried out in Olo-oloho Village, Uepai sub district and the second season at the Wawotobi Experimental Garden. Eight varieties were tested, i.e. Inpari 31, Inpari 34, Inpari 35, Inpari 38, Inpari 39, Inpari 41, Inpari 42, Inpari 43 and Mekongga. The variables observed were growth, yield and pest and disease dynamics. The results shows that there was variation growth and yield of the tested varieties. The growth and yield also varied depend on the season. In the first planting season, Inpari 34 and Inpari 43 showed better growth than others, but Inpari 31 resulted the highest rice yield (4.83 t/ha). In the second planting season, only Inpari 34 showed consistent growth, but the variety that had showed the highest yield was Inpari 43 (8.13 t/ha).

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Experimental investigation on water quality standard of Yangtze River water source heat pump

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.294 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 1103-1109 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zenghu Qin ◽

Mingwei Tong ◽

Lin Kun

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Water ◽

River Water ◽

Heat Pump ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Water Source ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

The Yangtze River ◽

Water Conditions

Due to the surface water in the upper reaches of Yangtze River in China containing large amounts of silt and algae, high content of microorganisms and suspended solids, the water in Yangtze River cannot be used for cooling a heat pump directly. In this paper, the possibility of using Yangtze River, which goes through Chongqing, a city in southwest China, as a heat source–sink was investigated. Water temperature and quality of the Yangtze River in the Chongqing area were analyzed and the performance of water source heat pump units in different sediment concentrations, turbidity and algae material conditions were tested experimentally, and the water quality standards, in particular surface water conditions, in the Yangtze River region that adapt to energy-efficient heat pumps were also proposed. The experimental results show that the coefficient of performance heat pump falls by 3.73% to the greatest extent, and the fouling resistance of cooling water in the heat exchanger increases up to 25.6% in different water conditions. When the sediment concentration and the turbidity in the river water are no more than 100 g/m3 and 50 NTU respectively, the performance of the heat pump is better, which can be used as a suitable river water quality standard for river water source heat pumps.

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Effect of Digestate and Straw Combined Application on Maintaining Rice Production and Paddy Environment

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5714

Author(s):

Xue Hu ◽

Hongyi Liu ◽

Chengyu Xu ◽

Xiaomin Huang ◽

Min Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Water ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Paddy Soil ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Rice Production ◽

Straw Decomposition ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Combined Application

Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.

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Spatial variability of nitrate pollution and its sources in a hilly basin of the Yangtze River based on clustering

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96248-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuhuan Cui ◽

Jie Wang ◽

Shuang Hao

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Nitrate Pollution ◽

Middle Part ◽

Lake Basin ◽

The Yangtze River ◽

Nitrate Sources ◽

Groundwater Samples

AbstractNitrate (NO3−) pollution is a serious global problem, and the quantitative analysis of its sources contributions is essential for devising effective water-related environmental-protection policies. The Shengjin Lake basin, located in the middle to lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China was selected as the research area in our study. We first grouped 29 surface water samples and 33 groundwater samples using cluster analysis, and then analyzed potential nitrate sources for each dataset of δ15N–NO3− and δ18O–NO3− isotope values by applying a Bayesian isotope-mixing model. Our results show that the nitrogen pollution in the surface-ground water in the study area seriously exceeded to class V of the Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water of China. The NO3− in surface water from the mid-upper reaches of the drainage basin mainly originates from soil nitrogen (SN) and chemical fertilizer (CF), with contribution rates of 48% and 32%, respectively, and the NO3− in downstream areas mainly originates from CF and manure and sewage (MS), with contribution rates of 48% and 33%, respectively. For the groundwater samples, NO3− mainly originates from MS, CF, and SN in the mid-upper reaches of the drainage basin and the northside of Dadukou near the Yangtze River, with contribution rates of 34%, 31%, and 29%, respectively, whereas NO3− in the lower reaches and the middle part of Dadukou mainly originates from MS, with a contribution rate of 83%. The nitrogen conversion of surface water in lakes and in the mid-upper reaches is mainly affected by water mixing, while the groundwater and surface water in the lower plains are mainly affected by denitrification. The method proposed in this study can expand the ideas for tracking nitrate pollution in areas with complex terrain, and the relevant conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for surface and groundwater pollution control in the hilly basin of Yangtze River.

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SVM ALGORITHM FOR PREDICTING RICE YIELDS

Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Pendidikan ◽

10.24036/tip.v13i2.341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 50-54

Author(s):

Nur Nafi'iyah

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Land ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Original Data ◽

Research Process ◽

Svm Algorithm ◽

Food Shortages ◽

Rice Yields ◽

The Government ◽

Linear Svm

Agriculture in Indonesia is highly dependent on reservoir irrigation water sources and rain. Because some agricultural land in Indonesia is rainfed. Plants in Indonesia rely on water from rain and irrigation. Weather conditions greatly affect the number of farmers' harvest. Farmers often experience crop failures due to changing weather. From data from the Central Statistics Agency, it is stated that the number of rice yields in 2019 decreased by 7.76% compared to 2018. In order to avoid rice imports and rice food shortages, a breakthrough is needed that can help the government in making policies. One of the breakthroughs is creating a rice yield prediction system. The research process consisted of collecting data via the web: https://www.pertanian.go.id/home/?show=page&act=view&id=61. The data shows the variables of province, year, land area, production. The total number of data is 170 rows, with a division of 130 lines for training, and 40 for testing. Furthermore, the data is processed and processed and normalized. The results of data processing are then trained and predicted with a linear SVM kernel. The results of SVM prediction with original data without normalization of MAPE 6635.53%, and RMSE 1094810.74. The results of SVM prediction with normalized data first, the MAPE value was 9427.714%, and RMSE 0.017.

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Effect of Nitrogen and Boron Application on Carica papaya L. I. Growth and Yield

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v67i3.7711 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 181-187

Author(s):

Agripino Pérez-López ◽

Rubén D. Reyes-Jurado

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Marked Effect ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Stem Height ◽

Four Levels

The experiment was carried on a Coto clay (an Oxisol). The effect of four levels of N (0, 57, 170 and 340 kg/ha) and four levels of B (0, 2.3, 4.5, 6.8 kg/ha) were determined using the P.R. 7-65 papaya variety. Treatments were initiated when the transplanted seedlings were three months old, and were repeated every six weeks. The information recorded showed the following results: Increments of N and B levels did not show a marked effect on plant height and stem diameter. Boron tended to be more effective than N in increasing stem height and diameter. The petiole fresh and dry weights increased linearly as the N and B levels were raised. The number and weight of fruits borne on female and hermaphroditic trees increased linearly as the N and 8 levels were raised. The results of the experiment showed that the papaya plant requires a high N and B fertilization rate.

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Factor Influencing Adaptation Choices Employed by Farmers Against Climate Change to Improve Rice Yield in Bugarama Wetland in Rwanda

East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology ◽

10.37284/eajab.2.1.137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12-22

Author(s):

Esther Nyirandorimana ◽

Ezekiel Ndunda ◽

John Muriuki

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Rice Yield ◽

New Technology ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Changing Climate ◽

Step Model ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Market Distance ◽

Adaptation Method

The changing climate poses a great challenge to many wetlands productivity worldwide. Rice production in wetlands is a major source of livelihood in developing countries such as Rwanda. This study aimed at determining the factors influencing adaptation methods when farmers perceive the changing climate at Bugarama Wetland Rice Scheme in Rwanda. A descriptive research design was used by this study, whereby quantitative and qualitative data was collected. The analysis was based on data collected from 300 selected farmers using systematic random sampling method. We employed descriptive statistics to assess how farmers perceive the effects of climate change and descriptively measured the new adaptation methods used by farmers in Bugarama to increase their yields. The study adopted Heckman two-step model to determine factors that influence adaptation choices, this analysis procedurally required farmers’ knowledge of perception that makes them respond to the effects of changes in climatic conditions by the use of new adaptation methods. The results deduced that level of education (p =0.019), extension access (p=0.001), market distance (p=0.002) and rice income (p < 0.001) had a probability of influencing farmers perceptions about climate change thus need to adapt. Based on the outcome model, results showed that extension access (p < 0.001), household size (p= 0.098), market distance (p= 0.047), rice income (p =0.032), farmers-to-farmers contact (p < 0.001) and effects of climate change on rice (p=0.038) had a greater probability of influencing farmers choice of adaptation method used to improve rice yields. To conclude, the study found that access to informational facilities and rice income, influenced farmers’ perceptions while extension access, rice income, market distance, farmers-to-farmers contact and effects of climate change on rice yield strongly had a probability of determining farmers’ choice of adaptation. This study recommends that the Rwandan government and local administrators need to develop a strategy that would allow farmers to access information facilities about new technology so as to adapt to the effects of climate change thus improve their rice yields.

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Differential Tolerance of Clearfield Rice Cultivars to Imazamox

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-10-00129.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 192-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jason A. Bond ◽

Timothy W. Walker

Keyword(s):

Growth Stage ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Field Studies ◽

First Year ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rough Rice ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Clearfield Rice ◽

Two Hybrid

Field studies were conducted to compare the response of one inbred (‘CL161’) and two hybrid (‘CLXL729’ and ‘CLXL745’) Clearfield (CL) rice cultivars to imazamox. Imazamox was applied at 44 and 88 g ai ha−1to rice in the panicle initiation (PI) and PI plus 14 d (PI + 14) growth stages and at 44 g ha−1to rice in the midboot growth stage. Maturity of hybrid CL cultivars was delayed following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at PI + 14 and midboot. Furthermore, imazamox at 44 g ha−1, applied at midboot, delayed maturity of CLXL745 more than CLXL729. Expressed as a percentage of the weed-free control plots, rough rice yields for CLXL729 were 91% following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at PI + 14, 78% following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at midboot, and 77% for imazamox at 88 g ha−1applied at PI + 14. Rough rice yield for CLXL745 was 77 to 92% of the control following all imazamox treatments. All imazamox treatments reduced CLXL745 rough rice yield compared with CL161. Rough rice yield, pooled across CL cultivar, varied with imazamox treatment between years, and these differences may have been a consequence of lower temperatures and solar radiation in the first year. Hybrid CL cultivars CLXL729 and CLXL745 were less tolerant than was CL161 when imazamox was applied at nonlabeled rates (88 g ha−1) and/or timings (PI + 14 or midboot). Because of variability in rice growth stages and irregularities in imazamox application in commercial fields, inbred CL cultivars should be planted where an imazamox application will likely be required.

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Effect of Plant Revitalization Hormone and Foliar Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Boro Rice

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v19i1.25218 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

MR Karim ◽

MM Rashid ◽

MA Salam ◽

MA Mazid ◽

MA Momin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Liquid Fertilizer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Boro Rice

Correction: In the last line of the abstract, the word 'increase' was replaced with the word 'reduced' on 25th November 2015. The correct sentence now reads "The application of PRH, Calsol and Magic Growth significantly reduced rice yield than that obtained with recommended fertilizer dose."AbstractInherent soil fertility and application of exogenous fertilizer generally affect rice yield. Fertilization would be soil fertilization or foliar feeding through leaf area. Plant growth promoting substances also improve plant performance through modulation of its growth and yield. The study was conducted at BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Center (BARDC), Gazipur. The aim of the study was to find out the growth and yield of Boro rice as influenced by plant revitalization hormone (PRH) and liquid fertilizer Calsol and Magic Growth during dry season 2012-13 using randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatment consists of; T1=Recommend fertilizer dose of NPKS and Zn (Control), T2=T1+ recommended PRH, T3=T2 + half of the PRH, T4=Half of doses of T1 + PRH, T5=PRH, T6=Recommended fertilizer dose of NPK with three N top dressed along with Calsol, T7=Recommended fertilizer dose of NPK with 1st and 3rd split of N application and along with three split of Calsol application, T8=Recommended dose of liquid fertilizer Magic Growth. The effect of different treatment combinations of PRH and liquid fertilizer Calsol and Magic Growth showed significant difference (p<0.05) in panicle m-2, unfilled grain panicle-1, total grain panicle-1, and grain yield. However, none of the treatments out yielded the existing fertilizer application method. The application of PRH, Calsol and Magic Growth significantly reduced (corrected on 25th Nov. 2015) rice yield than that obtained with recommended fertilizer dose.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(1): 33-39

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