Response surface methodology based analysis of the impact of nanoclay addition on the wear resistance of polypropylene

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 10401
Author(s):  
Sudhir Saralch ◽  
Vishal Jagota ◽  
Dinesh Pathak ◽  
Vishal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
The Impact

The addition of nanoclay in the polypropylene matrix has many applications in the field of automotive, packaging and aeronautical industry. Nanocomposites of polypropylene with nanoclay phr (part per hundred of resin) of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 are prepared using melt mixing in twin-screw extruder and injection molding. The dispersion of nanoclay in the polypropylene matrix played a significant role in the preparation of nanocomposites. The freeze-fractured microstructures of the 5 phr of nanoclay composites shows better dispersion of clay particles in the polypropylene matrix. Tensile testing is performed to quantify the strength with respect to nanoclay phr in the nanocomposites. Stress strain behaviors during the tensile testing along with critical examining using field emission scanning electron microscope of the fracture surface have evolved that phr value around 5 provide maximum strength. In addition to this, surface roughness of these nanocomposites also indicate that the nanocomposites formed by 5 phr nanoclay give better surface finish. The wear behavior of nanocomposites is investigated using pin-on-disc tribo-tester at different loads (10, 20 and 30 N) and sliding speeds (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 m/s). A response surface methodology based model is developed to explore the impact of nanoclay phr along with load and sliding speed on the wear behavior of these nanocomposites. Response surface methodology is a statistical technique in which the interaction among process variables is studies. It uses a sequence of design experiments to get an optimal response. It was found that 4.19 phr provides to be optimal value of nanoclay content exhibiting better wear resistance. Present study of composites with nanoclay reinforcement in polypropylene matrix concludes that phr value ranging around 4 to 5 gives best results.

EVALUATİON OF B4C/Tİ COATİNG LAYER, İNVESTİGATİON OF ABRASİVE WEAR BEHAVİORS USİNG TAGUCHİ TECHNİQUE AND RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950225
Author(s):  
ALİ KAYA GUR ◽  
CETİN OZAY ◽  
BUSRA ICEN
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Effective Parameters

In this study, the surface of AISI 430 stainless steel was alloyed with B4C using the plasma transferred arc welding hardface coating method and the effect of Ti addition was examined. The microstructure of the resultant hardface coating layer was examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Abrasive wear resistance was analyzed by measuring mass loss according to the L[Formula: see text] orthogonal array using the Taguchi design method. The “smaller the better” principle of the Taguchi method was used in graphic evaluations. Additionally, the effect of wear test factors on mass loss was calculated in % by performing the analysis of variance. As a result, the austenite, martensite, M[Formula: see text](B,C)6, M7(B, C)3, Ti (B,C), Fe3(C,B), Fe3C, Fe2C and Ti (B,C) phases were detected in the coating layers. The effect of these phases on wear behavior was evaluated. In addition, the optimization of the parameters was obtained with response surface methodology (RSM) based on Taguchi orthogonal experimental design. The results given by the effect parameters required for the developed wear estimation are successful. As a result of the ANOVA analysis, the most effective parameters for wear resistance mass loss were determined as wear distance, applied load and abrasive, respectively. It was observed not to have any effect on wear mass loss of the samples. The most suitable parameter values for the lowest wear values were determined.

scholarly journals The effect of heat treatment and impact angle on the erosion behavior of nickel-tungsten carbide cold spray coating using response surface methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Kazasidis ◽  
Elisa Verna ◽  
Shuo Yin ◽  
Rocco Lupoi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study elucidates the performance of cold-sprayed tungsten carbide-nickel coating against solid particle impingement erosion using alumina (corundum) particles. After the coating fabrication, part of the specimens followed two different annealing heat treatment cycles with peak temperatures of 600 °C and 800 °C. The coatings were examined in terms of microstructure in the as-sprayed (AS) and the two heat-treated conditions (HT1, HT2). Subsequently, the erosion tests were carried out using design of experiments with two control factors and two replicate measurements in each case. The effect of the heat treatment on the mass loss of the coatings was investigated at the three levels (AS, HT1, HT2), as well as the impact angle of the erodents (30°, 60°, 90°). Finally, the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to analyze and optimize the results, building the mathematical models that relate the significant variables and their interactions to the output response (mass loss) for each coating condition. The obtained results demonstrated that erosion minimization was achieved when the coating was heat treated at 600 °C and the angle was 90°.

scholarly journals Optimizing Adsorption of 17α-Ethinylestradiol from Water by Magnetic MXene Using Response Surface Methodology and Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamics Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3150
Author(s):  
Mengwei Xu ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Zihan Wu ◽  
Xianxin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

Magnetic MXene composite Fe3O4@Ti3C2 was successfully prepared and employed as 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) adsorbent from water solution. The response surface methodology was employed to investigate the interactive effects of adsorption parameters (adsorption time, pH of the solution, initial concentration, and the adsorbent dose) and optimize these parameters for obtaining maximum adsorption efficiency of EE2. The significance of independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test statistics. Optimization of the process variables for maximum adsorption of EE2 by Fe3O4@Ti3C2 was performed using the quadratic model. The model predicted maximum adsorption of 97.08% under the optimum conditions of the independent variables (adsorption time 6.7 h, pH of the solution 6.4, initial EE2 concentration 0.98 mg L−1, and the adsorbent dose 88.9 mg L−1) was very close to the experimental value (95.34%). pH showed the highest level of significance with the percent contribution (63.86%) as compared to other factors. The interactive influences of pH and initial concentration on EE2 adsorption efficiency were significant (p < 0.05). The goodness of fit of the model was checked by the coefficient of determination (R2) between the experimental and predicted values of the response variable. The response surface methodology successfully reflects the impact of various factors and optimized the process variables for EE2 adsorption. The kinetic adsorption data for EE2 fitted well with a pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium data followed Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Therefore, Fe3O4@Ti3C2 composite present the outstanding capacity to be employed in the remediation of EE2 contaminated wastewaters.

scholarly journals The Impact of Heat Treatment on the Behavior of a Hot-Dip Zinc Coating Applied to Steel During Dry Friction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Dariusz Jędrzejczyk ◽  
Elżbieta Szatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Dry Friction ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coating Hardness ◽  
Anticorrosion Properties

The analyzed topic refers to the wear resistance and friction coefficient changes resulting from heat treatment (HT) of a hot-dip zinc coating deposited on steel. The aim of research was to evaluate the coating behavior during dry friction after HT as a result of microstructure changes and increase the coating hardness. The HT parameters should be determined by taking into consideration, on the one hand, coating wear resistance and, on the other hand, its anticorrosion properties. A hot-dip zinc coating was deposited in industrial conditions (according EN ISO 10684) on disc-shaped samples and the chosen bolts. The achieved results were assessed on the basis of tribological tests (T11 pin-on-disc tester, Schatz®Analyse device, Sindelfingen, Germany), microscopic observations (with the use of optical and scanning microscopy), EDS (point and linear) analysis, and microhardness measurements. It is proved that properly applied HT of a hot-dip zinc coating results in changes in the coating’s microstructure, hardness, friction coefficient, and wear resistance.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AN EPOXY HYBRID POLYMER COMPOSITE REINFORCED WITH ZrB2 AND PTFE PARTICLES USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE TRIBOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswathi A. Narayanan ◽  
R. S. Sudheesh
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Liner Material ◽  
Spherical Bearing ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Hybrid Polymer Composite

Hybrid PTFE/epoxy composites are widely used as materials for self-lubricating spherical bearing which are used in a high-temperature environment. In the present work, zirconium diboride (ZrB2) particles are incorporated to enhance high-temperature tribological properties of PTFE/epoxy composites. Pin on disc experiment is conducted with the aid of design of experiments (DOE) using central composite-response surface methodology (RSM). Under a load of 40 N and 1.25 m/s sliding speed, the optimum content 5.95 vol% of PTFE and 5.05 vol% of ZrB2, yields an ultralow coefficient of friction (COF) in conjunction with a low wear rate of the composite. The addition of ultra-high-temperature ceramic ZrB2 particles and solid lubricant PTFE is found to enhance the thermal conductivity and improve the heat transfer thereby reducing contact temperature. The use of optimum composition of the composite is capable of reducing the wear rate and high local temperature due to friction, implying its potential use as a self-lubricating spherical bearing liner material.

The Impact of Moral Expectancy Violations on Audiences’ Parasocial Relationships With Movie Heroes and Villains

2019 ◽  
pp. 009365021988651 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Alex Bonus ◽  
Nicholas L. Matthews ◽  
Tim Wulf
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Expectancy Violations ◽  
Parasocial Relationships ◽  
Disposition Theory ◽  
Immoral Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Integrating the predictions of disposition theory and expectancy violations theory, a longitudinal survey assessed adults’ parasocial relationships with characters in a popular movie franchise before and after the release of the latest film installment of that franchise. Consistent with disposition theory, characters’ immoral behavior in the film weakened participants’ parasocial relationships with those characters. However, analyses conducted using a novel statistical technique (i.e., response surface analysis) revealed that further shifts in the strength of these relationships occurred when characters subverted participants’ expectations regarding their typical moral behavior. Specifically, participants’ relationship with the film’s primary villain strengthened when he was perceived as behaving more morally than expected, whereas their relationship with the film’s primary hero weakened when he was perceived as behaving either more or less morally than expected. These findings highlight the need for more nuanced examinations of disposition formation processes.

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