scholarly journals Pyrolysis of palm empty fruit bunch: Yields and analysis of bio-oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachrun Sutrisno ◽  
Arif Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

The palm oil industry is currently growing rapidly and generating large amounts of biomass waste that is not utilized properly. Palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB), by product of palm oil industry is considered as a promising alternative and renewable energy source that can be converted to a liquid product by pyrolysis process. In this work, pyrolysis of PEFB was studied to produce bio-oil. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a bench scale tubular furnace reactor. The effects of pyrolysis temperatures (400–600 °C) at heating rate of 10 °C/min to optimize the pyrolysis process for maximum liquid yield were investigated. The characteristics of bio-oil were analyzed using FTIR and GC–MS. The results showed that the maximum bio-oil yield was 44.5 wt. % of the product at 450 °C. The bio-oil products were mainly composed of acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, and oligomers. The chemical characterization showed that the bio-oil obtained from PEFB may be potentially valuable as a fuel and chemical feedstock.

scholarly journals Production of Bio-oil through Fast Pyrolysis of Baobab Waste Shells

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Asmaa Ali Mohammed Ali ◽  
Mustafa Abbas Mustafa ◽  
Kamal Eldin Eltayeb Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

The increasing demand for transportation fuel, due to increased urbanization, is now compounded by depleting and unstable crude oil reserves. Furthermore, the volatile market and the negative environmental impact of fossil fuels have driven the usage of biomass as a potential energy source. Of particular interest are biomass waste and baobab shells present an interesting option. The objective of this study is to produce bio oil by a fast pyrolysis process from baobab shells. The effect of reaction temperature, biomass particle size and fluidizing gas flow rate on the liquid product yield are investigated. The maximum liquid yield obtained was 36.6% at 500 OC at a N2 gas flowrate of 11.6 l/min and a particle size of less than 0.5 mm.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of palm oil using zeolite catalyst and characterization of the boil-oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-658
Author(s):  
Abdullah ◽  
Meileni Apriyanti ◽  
Sunardi ◽  
Uripto Trisno Santoso ◽  
Ahmad Budi Junaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
Uniform Pore Size

Abstract Pyrolysis of palm oil is one of the most potential methods to obtain bio-oil. In this study, pyrolysis of palm oil was carried out by using zeolites as a catalyst. The use of HCl and NaOH as activating agents of the zeolites prior to its use in the pyrolysis process was investigated. The result showed that a 1 M concentration of either HCl or NaOH gave an optimum result when the zeolites were used to absorb methylene blue. When 1 M of HCl was used as the activating agent, a more uniform pore size of the zeolites was obtained, along with a more opened pore structure. A GC-MS analysis showed that by using zeolites which was activated using HCl or NaOH, the pyrolysis of palm oil yielded bio-oil with a high content of organic compounds.

scholarly journals Empty fruit bunch (EFB) gasification in an entrained flow gasification system

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Wan Muhamad Syafiq Wan Ismail ◽  
Ruwaida Abdul Rasid
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Entrained Flow ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Entrained Flow Gasification

<p>Biomass has become one of the most commonly used renewable sources of energy in the last two decades. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the examples for the biomass that is used as a renewable energy source. From the palm oil processing industry, only 10% are the final products such as palm oil and palm kernel oil, while the remaining 90% are harvestable biomass waste in the form of EFB, palm kernel shell (PKS) and oil palm frond (OPF). This overload amount of biomass waste will cause an abundance of waste which will also affect the environment. To convert EFB into usable energy in ways that are more efficient, less polluting, and economical, gasification has merge as one of the most favorable technological innovations in synthesis gas (syngas) production. The main aim of this work is to study the EFB gasification in an entrained flow gasification process based on the different operating temperature (700<sup>°</sup>C to 900<sup>°</sup>C) and equivalence ratio, ER (0.2 – 0.4), evaluated based on the production of gases such as hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). It was found that as the temperature was increased from 700<sup>°</sup>C to 900<sup>°</sup>C, the production of H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> increased while CO was decreased. The optimum ER value of 0.30 was found to attain the highest Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) value of 74.03% at 900°C.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 43-49</p>

Effects of the Heat Carrier’s Temperature and Particle Size on the Pyrolysis of Imperata cylindrica in a Transported Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 612-615
Author(s):  
Mohd Fadhzir Ahmad Kamaroddin ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah ◽  
Ramli Mat ◽  
Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Heat Carrier ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The pyrolysis of Imperata Cylindrica in a transported bed reactor has been carried out using sand as heat carrier. This study is to determine the significant effect of the pyrolysis process condition for heat carrier temperature and particle size on the liquid yield and bio oil properties. Physical and chemical properties of bio-oil such as the water content, pH, viscosity and density were determined. The results showed that the heat carrier’s temperature highly affected the liquid product, yielding 2.30 to 11.89 wt.% in increasing the temperature from 450 to 600°C. The yield increased with larger particle size with 0.375 mm diameter gives maximum yield of 11.88 wt.% (600°C) but decreased gradually until 0.650 mm diameter afterwards.

RECYCLING OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH AS POTENTIAL CARRIER FOR BIOFERTILIZER FORMULATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Then Kek Hoe ◽  
Mohamad Roji Sarmidi ◽  
Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee ◽  
Zainul Akmar Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Total N

The palm oil industry generates large amount of biomass waste such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME). This biomass would be typically recycled to produce EFB compost that is a valuable agricultural input. This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of using EFB compost as carrier for nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Mixture (50-60% moisture) between EFB (shredded short fibres) and POME (anaerobic pond) were added with Effective Microorganisms (EM) to accelerate the composting process. The EFB compost reached thermophilic phase after 4-6 weeks with consistent temperature between 50-60oC. After 7 weeks of composting, EFB compost reached the mesophilic phase with continuous reduction of temperature to 35-40oC at week 8. The maturity of the compost is supported from the reduction of the C/N ratio from 36 (initial) to 20 (after 6 weeks). Mature EFB compost was sun-dried and ground into fine particle size (1 mm) prior to be used as carrier. Dried EFB compost carrier has the following characteristics (dry weight); average pH at 7.5, C/N ratio - 13.5, moisture - 17.4%, organic matter – 74.5%, total N - 3.06%, P - 0.37%, K - 4.74%, Ca - 3.32% and Mg - 0.79%. The inoculation of NFB and PSB into the EFB compost carrier from single cultures of Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae showed high viable cell count at 4.05 x 109 CFU/g and 2.75 x 108 CFU/g respectively at day three after inoculation. Meanwhile, the mixed culture of Burkholderia cenocepacia with Serratia marcescens showed 2.45 x 108 CFU/g and 4.31 x 109 CFU/g respectively. This clearly indicates the potential of using EFB as a useful alternative for bacterial immobilization prior to application in the oil palm industries.

Chemical Kinetics Modeling on Bio-Oil Production from Pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse

2021 ◽  
Vol 1034 ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Dewi Selvia Fardhyanti ◽  
Megawati ◽  
Haniif Prasetiawan ◽  
Noniek Nabuasa ◽  
Mohammad Arik Ardianta
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Bio Oil

Biomass is a source of alternative energy that is environmentally friendly and very promising as one of the sources of renewable energy at present. The best candidate for the biomass waste for pyrolysis raw material is sugarcane bagasse. The sugarcane bagasse is a fibrous residue that is produced after crushing sugarcane for its extraction. Sugarcane bagasse is very potential to produce bio-oil through a pyrolysis process. The advantage of utilizing sugarcane bagasse is to reduce the amount of waste volume. Pyrolysis is a simple thermochemical conversion that transforms biomass with the near absence of absence of oxygen to produce fuel. Experiments were carried out on the fixed bed reactor. The analysis was carried out over a temperature range of 300-500 °C under atmospheric conditions. Products that are usually obtained from the pyrolysis process are bio-oil, char, and gas. Product analysis was performed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis. This research is aimed to study the kinetics of the sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis process to produce bio-oil. Three different models were proposed for the kinetic study and it was found that model III gave the best prediction on the calculation of pyrolysis process. From the calculation results, kinetic parameters which include activation energy (Ea) and the k factor (A) at a temperature of 300 °C is 2.4730 kJ/mol and 0.000335 s-1, at a temperature of 400 °C is 3, 2718 kJ/mol and 0.000563 s-1, and at a temperature of 500 °C is 4.8942 kJ/mol and 0.0009 s-1.

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