scholarly journals Evaluation of the Ecotoxicological State of Selected Soils from Urban Environments of Russian Arctic with the Aim to Substantiate Reclamation and Restoration Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Ivan Alekseev ◽  
Evgeny Abakumov ◽  
Alina Petrova ◽  
Lubov Vorona-Slivinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Restoration Strategies

In recent decades rates of anthropogenic forcing on natural and urban ecosystems in the Arctic are increasingly growing. This tendency requires the development of more detailed environmental monitoring methods. In this context, study of background trace elements contents should be an urgent task. The purpose of authors study was an assessment of trace elements content in soils of urban environments in Yamal region and Murmansk. Twelve sites in Yamal region and four sites in Murmansk in different functional zones were studied during the investigation. Samples were taken from a depth of 0-5 cm and 5-20 cm. The highest contents for Cu, Zn, Ni were found in soil samples from Kharp, which was caused by existing chrome-processing factory. Soil samples from Aksarka and Labytnangi were characterized by the highest median values for Pb. Soil samples from Kharsaim and Kharp key plots were characterized by the highest median values for Zn. This could be explained by geological origin and high regional background concentration element for this trace element. Soil samples collected in Murmansk were characterized by highest medians in Pb, Ni and Mn in topsoil horizons, Mn and Zn in lower horizons. Evaluation of Saet´s index showed the predominance of non-hazardous Zc in most of the soil samples. Predicted climate change and consequent degradation of permafrost in soils could have the behavior of trace elements. Rates of accumulation, transformation, translocation, leaching and transportation of trace elements and other pollutants within the permafrost-affected landscapes could be affected and changed significantly.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOXICOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS OF THE POLAR URAL AND SOUTHERN YAMAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 941-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Alekseev ◽  
N. V. Dinkelaker ◽  
A. A. Oripova ◽  
G. A. Semyina ◽  
A. A. Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Natural Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Forcing ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
The Polar Urals

Increasing rates of anthropogenic forcing on natural and urban ecosystems in the Arctic requires the development of more detailed environmental monitoring. In this context, studying of contents of background trace elements seems to be actual goal. The goal of this study is an assessment of the content of background heavy metals in natural soils of the Polar Urals (surroundings of mountain Chyornaya), surroundings of Salekhard and foothills of the Polar Urals and urban soils (Kharsaim, Aksarka, Labytnangi, Kharp, Salekhard). Levels of maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) were established to be exceeded by some elements (As, Ni, Co) in most of soil samples (from both urban and natural environments). It can indicate to high regional background contents for these elements especially in case of natural soils. The highest exceedance of MPCs is typical for soil samples from urban environments. For other studied trace elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr) MPCs are exceeded only in few cases. The highest trace elements content in urban soils is connected with sites with significantly high rates of anthropogenic forcing (chrome-processing factory in Kharp). The highest trace elements content for natural soils can be connected with three soil profile zones: peat-like horizons, stagnic and cryogenic geochemical barriers, and soil horizons with clay texture class. Moreover, we discussed problems of trace elements behavior in conditions of changing climate of the Arctic and permafrost degradation.

scholarly journals Trace elements in aerial parts and rhizosphere of Thymus pannonicus All.

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Arsenijević ◽  
Slavica Ražić ◽  
Zoran Maksimović ◽  
Svetlana Đogo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Zinc Levels

AbstractThis paper brings out the results of the study on the levels of selected trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cr) in aerial parts of Thymus pannonicus All. (Lamiaceae) and rhizosphere soil from twelve locations in Serbia. Prior to assays by flame and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry, samples were subjected to microwave-assisted acid digestion. Real and potential acidity of soil samples were also measured. Obtained results for soil samples, although slightly higher for some elements (Cu: 12.38–45.18 mg/kg; Fe: 22102–46193 mg/kg; Mn: 776.95–4901.27 mg/kg; Zn: 62.27–214.02 mg/kg; Cr: 48.86–69.13 mg/kg), were found to fit into biogeochemical background. Element contents in plant samples differed depending on collecting site (Cu: 5.26–14.07 mg/kg; Fe: 25.92–1454.07 mg/kg; Mn: 89.29–278.25 mg/kg; Zn: 1.81–10.64 mg/kg; Cr: 1.11–3.51 mg/kg), which can be partly explainable by different nutrient availability influenced by soil acidity. Zinc levels in T. pannonicus were below expected and seem to be strongly influenced by plant physiological properties.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Trace Elements in Rice Field at Prafi District Manokwari

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aplena Elen S. Bless ◽  
Samen Baan ◽  
Yahya Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Trace Metal Concentration ◽  
Measure Concentration ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Fe Toxicity

Mapping spatial variability of trace elements in rice Ḁeld is necessary to obtain soil quality information to en-hance rice production. ἀis study was aimed to measure concentration and distribution of Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Cd in two diᴀerent sites (SP1, SP2) of PraḀ rice Ḁeld in Manokwari West Papua. ἀe representative 26 soil samples were analysed for their available trace metal concentration (DTPA), soil pH, and C-organic and soil texture. ἀe result indicated that Fe toxicity and Zn deḀcient problems were encountered in both sites.  Rice Ḁeld in SP2 was more deḀcient in Zn than SP1. Site with the highest trace elements (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cd) concentration had low soil pH and high C-organic. Acidic soil has higher solubility of metals; while high C-organic could improve the formation of dissolve organic carbon-metal binding, hence it improving the trace metals concentration in soil solution.

scholarly journals Features of copper accumulation in the soils of different functional areas of Novokuybyshevsk

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Alexander Igorevich Startsev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Functional Areas

The vegetation of the Samara Region is characterized by a relatively high content of copper. This biogeochemical feature is typical for natural and technogenic transformed ecosystems of the region. Copper is included in the group of elements of the 2nd hazard class. At certain concentrations it is necessary for the normal functioning of all organisms, but with increasing concentrations in the environment or in food it shows toxicity. The technogenic sources of copper include metalworking and machine-building enterprises, fertilizers, road and rail transport, wastewater, products of incomplete fuel combustion and refining characteristic of the Samara Region. The peculiarities of copper accumulation and distribution in soils of urban areas of the region are insufficiently studied. Previously, such studies were carried out only in certain areas of Samara. The paper analyzes in detail the level of technogenic copper pollution of the soil cover in Novokuybyshevsk. Ecological and geochemical studies in Novokuybyshevsk were carried out for 3 years (2016-2018) on 7 stationary test plots in its different functional areas and on 1 background test plot. The objects of research were soil samples taken from the upper humus horizon (layer 0-10 cm). The quantitative content of copper in soil samples was determined by the method of inversion voltammetry. A comparative analysis revealed territories of Novokuybyshevsk with relatively high, medium and low levels of copper in the soil. The first group included the Park Dubki in its elevated part, the old residential area on Kirov Street, the roadside area at the intersection of Pobeda Avenue and Dzerzhinsky Street (93,3-90,7 mg/kg). The second group with an average copper content (71,0-73,3 mg/kg) included the square Elochki and a new residential area on Ostrovsky Street. The third group with a relatively low copper content (38,3-54,7 mg/kg) included three sample areas: the lowland part of the Park Dubki, the industrial zone and the background area. The concentration of copper in the soils of all studied functional zones in Novokuybyshevsk has not reached the level of approximate permissible concentration (APC), but more than the clark of the world soils and the background indicators. The downward trend in the concentration of copper in the soils of most of the studied functional zones of Novokuybyshevsk in 2018 compared with 2016 and 2017 at the relatively low level of copper content in soils of the industrial area of the city allows to exclude oil refineries from the list of its major anthropogenic sources.

scholarly journals Insect herbivory on urban trees: Complementary effects of tree neighbours and predation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Stemmelen ◽  
Alain Paquette ◽  
Marie-Lise Benot ◽  
Yasmine Kadiri ◽  
Hervé Jactel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
List Type ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Predator Attack ◽  
Peer Community ◽  
Survival Tree

AbstractInsect herbivory is an important component of forest ecosystems functioning and can affect tree growth and survival. Tree diversity is known to influence insect herbivory in natural forest, with most studies reporting a decrease in herbivory with increasing tree diversity. Urban ecosystems, on the other hand, differ in many ways from the forest ecosystem and the drivers of insect herbivory in cities are still debated.We monitored 48 urban trees from five species – three native and two exotic – in three parks of Montreal (Canada) for leaf insect herbivory and predator activity on artificial larvae, and linked herbivory with both predation and tree diversity in the vicinity of focal trees.Leaf insect herbivory decreased with increasing tree diversity and with increasing predator attack rate.Our findings indicate that tree diversity is a key determinant of multitrophic interactions between trees, herbivores and predators in urban environments and that managing tree diversity could contribute to pest control in cities.This article has been peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Ecologyhttps://doi.org/10.24072/pci.ecology.100061

scholarly journals Effects of fragmentation on plant adaptation to urban environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1712) ◽  
pp. 20160038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dubois ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Cheptou
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Fragmented Habitats ◽  
Dispersal Traits ◽  
Neutral Markers

Urban ecosystems are relatively recent and heavily human-altered terrestrial ecosystems with a surprisingly high diversity of animals, plants and other organisms. Urban habitats are also strongly fragmented and subject to higher temperatures, providing a compelling model for studying adaptation to global change. Crepis sancta (Asteraceae), an annual Mediterranean wasteland weed, occupies fragmented urban environments as well as certain unfragmented landscapes in southern France. We tested for shifts in dispersal, reproductive traits and size across a rural–urban gradient to learn whether and how selection may be driving changes in life history in urban and fragmented habitats. We specifically compared the structure of quantitative genetic variation and of neutral markers (microsatellites) between urban and rural and between fragmented and unfragmented habitats. We showed that fragmentation provides a better descriptor of trait variation than urbanization per se for dispersal traits. Fragmentation also affected reproductive traits and plant size though one rural population did conform to this scheme. Our study shows the role of fragmentation for dispersal traits shift in urban environments and a more complex pattern for other traits. We discuss the role of pollinator scarcity and an inhospitable matrix as drivers of adaptation. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences’.

Biogeochemistry of macrophytes, sediments and porewaters in thermokarst lakes of western Siberia in the discontinuous and continuous permafrost zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinat Manasypov ◽  
Oleg Pokrovsky ◽  
Liudmila Shirokova
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
Continuous Permafrost ◽  
Thaw Lakes

<p>Despite high importance of macrophytes in shallow thaw lakes for control of major and trace nutrients in lake water, the chemical composition of different aquatic plants and trace element (TE) partitioning between macrophytes and lake water and sediments in the permafrost regions remain totally unknown. Here we sampled dominant macrophytes of thermokarst (thaw) lakes of discontinuous and continuous permafrost zones in Western Siberia Lowland (WSL) and we measured major and trace elements in plant biomass, lake water, lake sediments and sediment porewater. All 6 studies plants (Hippuris vulgaris L., Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb., Comarum palustre L., Ranunculus spitzbergensis Hadac, Carex aquatilis Wahlenb s. str., Menyanthes trifoliata L.), sizably accumulate macronutrients (Na, Mg, Ca), micronutrients (B, Mo, Nu, Cu, Zn, Co) and toxicants (As, Cd) relative to lake sediments. The accumulation of other trace elements including rare earth elements (REE) in macrophytes relative to pore waters and sediments was strongly species-specific. Under climate warmings scenario and the propagation of southern species northward, the accumulation of trace metals in aquatic plants of thermokarst lakes will produce preferential uptake of Cd, Pb, Ba from thermokarst lake water and sediments by the biomass of aquatic macrophytes. This may eventually diminish the transport of metal micronutrients from lakes to rivers and further to the Arctic Ocean.</p><p>Support from the RSF (RNF) grant 19-77-00073 “Experimental modeling of the formation mechanisms for elemental composition of water in thermokarst lakes of Western Siberia: vegetation effect”.</p>

Determining the pathways, fate, and flux of atmospherically derived trace elements in the Arctic ocean/ice system

2016 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kadko ◽  
Ben Galfond ◽  
William M. Landing ◽  
Rachel U. Shelley
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

scholarly journals Building Stability On Permafrost In Vorkuta, Russia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Kotov ◽  
V. Z. Khilimonyuk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Infrastructure Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The Infrastructure stability on permafrost is currently an important topic as the Arctic countries are developing climate change adaptation and mitigation programs. Assessing the sustainability of infrastructure facilities (especially in urban environments) is a difficult task as it depends on many parameters. This article discusses the city of Vorkuta, which is located in the northwest of Russia. This city differs from many others built on permafrost because most of buildings were built according to Principle II (The Active Method) of construction on permafrost with thawing soil prior to construction. Assessments of the engineering and geocryological conditions, basic principles of construction in the city, and reasons for building failures, were carried out within this study. The research is based on publications, open data about buildings, and visual observations in Vorkuta. About 800 buildings are in use in Vorkuta in 2020 (43% of what it was 50 years ago). According to the analysis, about 800 houses have been demolished or disconnected from utility lines over the past 50 years (about 250 of these are still standing, pending demolition). Since 1994, the construction of new residential buildings has almost stopped. Therefore, buildings that have been in use for over 50 years will account for 90% of the total residential housing stock by 2040. The effects of climate change in the city will depend primarily on the principle of construction employed and on the geocryological conditions of the district. Buildings constructed according to Principle I (The Passive Method) were found to be more vulnerable due to a decrease in permafrost bearing capacity. The impact of increasing air temperature on some of the buildings built on bedrock (the central part of the city) and some built on thawing soil will be minimal, as other factors are more significant.

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