scholarly journals Development of the method of direct temperature measurement for gear cutting of cylindrical gears by hob milling

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 03010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sovilj-Nikić ◽  
Bogdan Sovilj ◽  
Dušan Ješić ◽  
Vladimir Blanuša ◽  
Vladimir M. Tonkonogyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Gear Cutting ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Higher Types

The availability, adaptability, reliability and productivity of modern industrial complexes, maintenance costs, energy costs and industrial production costs depend also on the intensity of wear of the elements of tribo-mechanical systems. Gear cutting operations are usually a bottleneck of production, especially in higher types of production. Therefore, the necessity of researching the process of gear cutting by hob milling is obvious. In the paper a part of the results related to the possibility of direct measurement of the temperature in a very complex process of gear cutting of cylindrical gears by hob milling is given.

scholarly journals Development of the method of direct temperature measurement for gear cutting of cylindrical gears by hob milling

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume XXVII (XVII), 2018/2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sovilj-Nikić ◽  
Bogdan Sovilj ◽  
Dušan Ješić ◽  
Vladimir Blanuša ◽  
Vladimir M. Tonkonogyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Gear Cutting

Industrial Application of Pb–Ag–Ca Anode with Surface Passivation for Zinc Electrowinning

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 1398-1401
Author(s):  
Jian Huang ◽  
Yuan Fa Ding ◽  
Xiang Dong Su ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Yong Sheng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Surface Passivation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Zinc Electrowinning ◽  
Alloy Anode ◽  
Detection And Tracking

The Pb–Ag–Ca alloy anode with surface passivation was applied in industrial production of zinc electrowinning. The application situation was investigated by detection and tracking more than 3 months. The results were analyzed by comparison with the data acquired from the production using the reference anodes without surface treatment. The results showed that using the anode with surface passivation can increase zinc yield, reduce Pb content in zinc product, prolong the anode life by improving the corrosion resistance, and then reduce the production costs.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 492-497
Author(s):  
Karl Raitz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Historical Ecology ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Old World ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Personal Experiences

A historical ecology perspective permits an understanding and appreciation of the breadth of influences brought to bear on human events in time and place. Kentucky’s nineteenth-century distilling industry converted from traditional craft work to mechanized industrial production in a very complex process that blended environmental context with Old World knowledge, invention and innovation, associations with complementary industries, and conjunctions with a range of other economic, political, and social processes. Such linkages improved productivity but also introduced chains of contingencies and risk. The telling of this story and the underwriting of its authenticity are supported by archives that record how people of differing backgrounds and experiences, be they innovators or managers or laborers, enslaved or free, contributed to the industry’s development. Much of their work and many of their personal experiences are anonymous, but they are collectively represented in documents, narratives, and landscape.

scholarly journals Key performance indicators of major companies: a study on Russian metallurgical industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05086
Author(s):  
Daria Baklanovskaya ◽  
Marat Goguadze ◽  
Alexey Shmatko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Short And Long Term

The development of the metallurgical industry requires investing in the environmental safety of processes and technologies of metal processing, as well as to the measures aimed at energy costs reduction. We will look at the economic impact of reducing production costs by saving resources and improving the efficiency of the energy complex. The financial effect of reducing energy consumption per unit of production can be achieved by optimizing the purchase of energy resources, modes of operation of technological and support equipment, improving the management of the company’s energy complex. The article examines the most important indicators of the operating and financial activities of the three companies in the steel industry—Novolipetsk and Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plants, as well as Severstal PJSC. The financial stability of these companies and the agility of their capital are quite high, and their fixed assets are financed by their own funds. Companies are also financially stable in the short term, as evidenced by the high current liquidity ratios (2 and above), and their own capital exceeds borrowing by 1.5 to 2 times. Thus, we can conclude that they are operationally efficient and have good financial sustainability in the short and long term.

Modelling IR-Heating in Stretch-Blow Moulding and Thermoforming

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rasche ◽  
M. Begemann ◽  
Ch. Hopmann
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Blow Moulding ◽  
Wall Thickness Distribution ◽  
Ir Heating

The two-stage stretch-blow moulding process has been established for the large scale production of high quality PET containers with excellent mechanical and optical properties. Thermoforming is the process of choice for manufacturing thin-gauge or large-area parts for packaging or technical applications. Both processes allow lightweight thermoplastic parts to be produced rapidly and economically. In both processes thermoplastic semi-finished products are formed by pressurised air under the influence of heat. To enable forming of the thermoplastic materials, the semi-finished products need to be transferred into a thermoelastic state. IR-heating is widely used due to short heating times. From a cost perspective, about 7 % of the total production costs of a stretch-blow moulded bottle are spent for energy in order to heat and form the preform to the later bottle. Depending on machine, semi-finished product type and cycle time, energy costs in thermoforming account for around 1–5 % of the total production costs. Modern roll-fed automatic thermoforming machines use about 22 % of the energy consumption for the heating step and around 70 % for the production of pressurised air. Due to this significant share and due to increasing energy costs during recent years, the packaging industry is interested in increasing the energy efficiency of these processes. The most important quality criterion for both processes is a uniform wall thickness distribution. The production of high-quality parts requires optimised temperature profiles of the semi-finished product depending on the particular product geometry. Simulation is an approved tool for the prediction of the influence of the heater setting on the temperature profile. Over the last decade IKV has developed an integrative three-dimensional process simulation which models the complete path of a preform through a stretch-blow moulding machine. An essential first step is the heating simulation where the temperature profile of the preform is computed. Based on this data the temperature-dependent material behaviour of PET can be considered during the inflation simulation. This work shows the influence of a thoughtful temperature profile on the wall thickness distribution in stretch-blow moulding. The focus is on modelling the reheat phase of the stretch-blow moulding process in FEA. Beyond that, a purposeful heating offers the possibility to cut down energy waste.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BIAYA PRODUKSI TERHADAP HASIL PRODUKSI PADA HOME INDUSTRI SAMBEL PECEL DI KOTA MADIUN

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iin Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City ◽  
At Home

This study aims to determine the production cost home industry of sambel pecel, to determine sambel pecel production in Madiun, and to know is there any effect on the cost of production yield at home industry of sambel pecel Madiun. The samples in this study using a sample that is saturated all home industries of sambel pecel in the city of Madiun, amounting to 34 Home industry of pecel. Data collection using interviews and documentation. In analyzing the data used linear regression analysis to test the hypothesis put forward in this study.The results showed that the cost of production has an influence as well as a positive relationship to yield at Home industry of sambel pecel in the city of Madiun. It is derived from the value rhit rtab 0.339 0.982 whereas on the other hand Sighit value of 0.00 and Sigpro ≤ 0.05. This means that rhit ≥ rtab (0.982 ≥ 0.339) or Sighit ≤Sigpro (0.00 ≤ 0.05), which suggested a rejection of H0 means that production costs have a relationship with industrial production at home industry of sambel pecel at Madiun city. It also obtained the Fhit, while the value of 875.064 Ftab 4,149 value on the other hand is known Sighit 0.00 and Sigpro 0.05. This means that the Fhit ≥ Ftab (4.149≥875.064) ≤ Sighit≤ Sigpro (0,00 ≤ 0,05). Meaning a rejection of H0 which indicates that there is a cost impact of production on industrial production at home industry of sambel pecel at Madiun city. Also obtained regression coefficients (t test) with thit 29.581 ttab 1.693 on the other hand Sighit 0.00 and Sigpro 0.05. This means that the thit ≥ ttab(29.581 ≥ 1.693) or Sighit ≤ Sigpro (0,00 ≤ 0,05). Results R2 of 96.5%. Showed that 96.5% of the variable cost of production is affected production, while the remaining 3.5% is influenced by other factors.

scholarly journals RESERVE FLEET INDEXED TO EXOGENOUS COST VARIABLES

Transport ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo David Nogueira Raposo ◽  
José Manuel Torres Farinha ◽  
Luís Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Diego Galar
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Models ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Maintenance Policies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

Identifying the optimal time to replace a passenger bus in a buses fleet has implications on the size of the reserve fleet. Such calculations rest on endogenous and exogenous economic variables: the former include operating and maintenance costs and bus depreciation; the latter include market imponderables such as the inflation and real discount rates, as well as energy costs, particularly fuel. The authors have created models for the withdrawal/replacement of buses using endogenous economic variables. The models include standard econometric models reflecting the influence of maintenance policies, especially Condition Monitoring (CM) or predictive maintenance, and the size of the reserve fleet. The paper deals with exogenous economic variables, specifically the influence of the cost of money, the inflation and real discount rates rate and the cost of fuel. Both variables fluctuate over time. The paper proposes analytical models for determining the influence of those variables on the withdrawal time and the size of the reserve fleet. It then comprehensively summarizes the variables in a global model, showing its relevance to the dimensioning of the reserve fleet and the withdrawal time.

scholarly journals POSSIBILITIES TO REDUCE POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN NAVAL DIESEL ENGINES

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Mihail Lucian DUMITRACHE ◽  
Catalin FAITAR
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Emission Estimation ◽  
Over Time

The combustion process is, by far, the most important and complex process that takes place in engines. Its importance is given by the fact that it provides the flow of energy used in the engine and is the source of all pollutant emissions, the efficiency of the engine being directly influenced by it. The mechanisms of combustion are particularly complex and are not fully known even today, the most difficult problem being the mechanisms of mixture formation and the chemistry of the combustion process. Over time, depending on the evolution of knowledge in the field and computer technology, various mathematical models have been developed, which have. Emission estimation and theoretical verification, in the first phase, of the solutions applicable to in-service enginescould greatly reduce research and production costs, given that there are a variety of engines onboard ships and measurements in operation are very difficult.

scholarly journals Modifikasi Design Heatsink dan Dudukan Peltier pada Alat Transportasi Ikan Segar

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Tri Nugroho Widianto ◽  
Luthfi Assadad ◽  
Ahmat Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Plate Design ◽  
Material Price

Alat transportasi ikan segar (ALTIS) adalah sarana pendingin yang dapat mempertahankan mutu ikan segar. ALTIS umumnya digunakan oleh pedagang kelliling dalam transportasi dan distribusi produknya. Komponen yang menentukan kinerja pendingin adalah heatsink dan dudukan peltier. Kedua bagian ini berfungsi dalam transfer panas kotak penyimpanan ikan menuju udara. Namun, biaya produksi dan harga material kedua komponen tersebut cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk modifikasi spesifikasi heatsink dan dudukan peltier, agar mendapatkan efisiensi biaya pembuatannya. Heatsink dibuat dari 3 mm plat tembaga dengan 18 sirip aluminium yang memiliki ketinggian 10 mm dan ketebalan 1 mm. Sementara itu, dudukan peltier juga dibuat dari alumunium dengan ketebalan bervariasi (4, 5, 6, dan 10 mm). Performa kedua bagian ini diuji dengan variabel suhu heatsink dalam, heatsink luar, dan ruang penyimpanan ikan, setiap 5 menit selama 95 menit. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa suhu ruang penyimpanan ikan menggunakan heatsink baru (17,8°C) lebih rendah dari heatsink sebelumnya (18,3°C). Desain heatsink yang baru ini dapat mengurangi biaya pembuatan sebesar Rp. 807.000,00. Dudukan elemen peltier dengan alumunium setebal 4 mm dapat mempercepat proses perpindahan panas dari ruang penyimpanan ikan menuju peltier. Modifikasi ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk menurunkan biaya dan meningkatkan performa ALTIS.ABSTRACTRefrigerated Fresh Fish Container (ALTIS) is a cooler equipment to maintain the quality of fresh fish. ALTIS is usually used by the itinerant fish traders to preserve their products in transportation and distribution. The components that determine the cooler performance are the heatsinks and the Peltier base plate. These components are responsible for transferring the heat from the fish container to the air. However, the production costs and material price for both components are expensive. This study aimed to reduce production costs by modifying the heatsink and Peltier base plate design specifications. The heatsink was made from 3 mm thickness copper and aluminum fins. The aluminum fins were 18 pieces in total, with 1.6 mm thickness and 10 mm height. Meanwhile, the Peltier base plate was also made from aluminum with varied thicknesses (4, 5, 6, and 10 mm). The performance of both parts was evaluated by temperature measurement in the inner heatsink, outer heatsink, and box container for every 5 minutes in 95 minutes. The results showed that the refrigerated container box temperature with the new heatsink (17.8°C) was lower than the existing heatsink (18.3°C). Moreover, the new heatsink design may reduce the production costs by Rp. 807,000.00. Furthermore, the Peltier base plate with a 4 mm thickness could accelerate the heat-dissipating of Peltier. Thus, the modification can be applied for ALTIS production with lower cost and better performance.

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