scholarly journals Modifikasi Design Heatsink dan Dudukan Peltier pada Alat Transportasi Ikan Segar

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Tri Nugroho Widianto ◽  
Luthfi Assadad ◽  
Ahmat Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Plate Design ◽  
Material Price

Alat transportasi ikan segar (ALTIS) adalah sarana pendingin yang dapat mempertahankan mutu ikan segar. ALTIS umumnya digunakan oleh pedagang kelliling dalam transportasi dan distribusi produknya. Komponen yang menentukan kinerja pendingin adalah heatsink dan dudukan peltier. Kedua bagian ini berfungsi dalam transfer panas kotak penyimpanan ikan menuju udara. Namun, biaya produksi dan harga material kedua komponen tersebut cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk modifikasi spesifikasi heatsink dan dudukan peltier, agar mendapatkan efisiensi biaya pembuatannya. Heatsink dibuat dari 3 mm plat tembaga dengan 18 sirip aluminium yang memiliki ketinggian 10 mm dan ketebalan 1 mm. Sementara itu, dudukan peltier juga dibuat dari alumunium dengan ketebalan bervariasi (4, 5, 6, dan 10 mm). Performa kedua bagian ini diuji dengan variabel suhu heatsink dalam, heatsink luar, dan ruang penyimpanan ikan, setiap 5 menit selama 95 menit. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa suhu ruang penyimpanan ikan menggunakan heatsink baru (17,8°C) lebih rendah dari heatsink sebelumnya (18,3°C). Desain heatsink yang baru ini dapat mengurangi biaya pembuatan sebesar Rp. 807.000,00. Dudukan elemen peltier dengan alumunium setebal 4 mm dapat mempercepat proses perpindahan panas dari ruang penyimpanan ikan menuju peltier. Modifikasi ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk menurunkan biaya dan meningkatkan performa ALTIS.ABSTRACTRefrigerated Fresh Fish Container (ALTIS) is a cooler equipment to maintain the quality of fresh fish. ALTIS is usually used by the itinerant fish traders to preserve their products in transportation and distribution. The components that determine the cooler performance are the heatsinks and the Peltier base plate. These components are responsible for transferring the heat from the fish container to the air. However, the production costs and material price for both components are expensive. This study aimed to reduce production costs by modifying the heatsink and Peltier base plate design specifications. The heatsink was made from 3 mm thickness copper and aluminum fins. The aluminum fins were 18 pieces in total, with 1.6 mm thickness and 10 mm height. Meanwhile, the Peltier base plate was also made from aluminum with varied thicknesses (4, 5, 6, and 10 mm). The performance of both parts was evaluated by temperature measurement in the inner heatsink, outer heatsink, and box container for every 5 minutes in 95 minutes. The results showed that the refrigerated container box temperature with the new heatsink (17.8°C) was lower than the existing heatsink (18.3°C). Moreover, the new heatsink design may reduce the production costs by Rp. 807,000.00. Furthermore, the Peltier base plate with a 4 mm thickness could accelerate the heat-dissipating of Peltier. Thus, the modification can be applied for ALTIS production with lower cost and better performance.

scholarly journals Sounding out falsified medicines from genuine medicines using Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy (BARDS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Alfarsi ◽  
Céline Caillet ◽  
Garry Fawbert ◽  
Simon Lawrence ◽  
Jacob Krüse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Acoustic Signatures ◽  
Falsified Medicines ◽  
Acoustic Phenomenon ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe trade in falsified medicine has increased significantly and it is estimated that global falsified sales have reached $100 billion in 2020. The EU Falsified Medicines Directive states that falsified medicines do not only reach patients through illegal routes but also via the legal supply chain. Falsified medicines can contain harmful ingredients. They can also contain too little or too much active ingredient or no active ingredient at all. BARDS (Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy) harnesses an acoustic phenomenon associated with the dissolution of a sample (tablet or powder). The resulting acoustic spectrum is unique and intrinsic to the sample and can be used as an identifier or signature profile. BARDS was evaluated in this study to determine whether a product is falsified or genuine in a rapid manner and at lower cost than many existing technologies. A range of genuine and falsified medicines, including falsified antimalarial tablets from south-east Asia, were tested, and compared to their counterpart genuine products. Significant differences between genuine and falsified doses were found in their acoustic signatures as they disintegrate and dissolve. Principal component analysis was employed to differentiate between the genuine and falsified medicines. This demonstrates that the tablets and capsules included here have intrinsic acoustic signatures which could be used to screen the quality of medicines.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hyaluronic Acid Production Process Utilizing Streptococcal Fermentation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Rafael G. Ferreira ◽  
Adriano R. Azzoni ◽  
Maria Helena Andrade Santana ◽  
Demetri Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Fed Batch Culture ◽  
Economic Analyses

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide of alternating d-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues present in the extracellular matrix of connective, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Due to its singular hydrating, rheological and adhesive properties, HA has found numerous cosmetic and medical applications. However, techno-economic analyses of high value-added bioproducts such as HA are scarce in the literature. Here, we present a techno-economic analysis of a process for producing HA using Streptococcus zooepidemicus, simulated in SuperPro Designer. In the baseline scenario, HA is produced by batch fermentation, reaching 2.5 g/L after 24 h. It is then centrifuged, diafiltered, treated with activated carbon and precipitated with isopropanol. The product is suitable for topical formulations and its production cost was estimated as 1115 $/kg. A similar scenario, based on fed-batch culture and assuming a titer of 5.0 g/L, led to a lower cost of 946 $/kg. Moreover, in two additional scenarios, 10% of the precipitated HA is diverted to the production of a highly pure and high-molecular weight HA, suitable for injectable applications. These scenarios resulted in higher capital and operating costs, but also in higher profits, because HA for injectable use has a higher selling price that more than compensates for its higher production costs.

The Study of How to Extrude the Special Shaft Parts into Form

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 908-911
Author(s):  
Xi Ping Bai
Keyword(s):  
Processing Method ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Extrusion Forming

In this article, it mainly describes the use of extrusion production process as an example of the special shaft. It gives us a full analysis from the structure of the product, the material problems, the key technical problems needed to be solved, blank preparation processing and the process of extrusion forming. It also introduces the blank dimensions and the calculation method of the extrusion pressure. The method of blank lubrication processing and the process of designing extrusion mould.We are not unfamiliar with the center shaft of the bike. It is one of the important parts in bicycle bottom bracket. It is also a key part to determine the quality of the bicycle. Generally speaking, materials are used is 20 steel. The roughness of the surface is moderate. But the requirement of the product precision is high. We can get it by using mechanical processing method. But it is processing and the efficiency is low. While the utilization rate of mental material is low. So the production costs high. Because the parts production patch is large and the annual production is hundreds of thousands of pieces. In my opinion, it is more reasonable for us to adopt the technology of producing the parts with the cold extrusion precision molding process. Then we can save the materials, improve the efficiency of producing parts, lower the production parts and then meet the requirement of mass production.

Tool workspace consideration for assembly plan generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-625
Author(s):  
Akram Bedeoui ◽  
Riadh Ben Hadj ◽  
Moncef Hammadi ◽  
Nizar Aifaoui
Keyword(s):  
Collision Detection ◽  
New Product ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Assembly Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plan Generation ◽  
Assembly Sequences ◽  
Dynamic Interference ◽  
Time Decrease

Purpose During the design of a new product, the generation of assembly sequences plans (ASPs) has become one of the most important problems taken into account by researchers. In fact, a good mounting order allows the time decrease of the assembly process which leads to the reduction of production costs. In this context, researchers developed several methods to generate and optimize ASP based on various criteria. Although this paper aims to improve the quality of ASP it is necessary to increase the number of criteria which must be taken into account when generating ASPs. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an ASP generation approach, which is based on three main algorithms, is proposed. The first one generates a set of assembly sequences based on stability criteria. The obtained results are treated by the second algorithm which is based on assembly tools (ATs) workspace criterion. An illustrative example is used to explain the different steps of this proposed approach. Moreover, a comparative study is done to highlight its advantages. Findings The proposed algorithm verifies, for each assembly sequence, the minimal required workspace of used AT and eliminates the ASPs non-respecting this criterion. Finally, the remaining assembly sequences are treated by the third algorithm to reduce the AT change during the mounting operation. Originality/value The proposed approach introduces the concept of AT workspace to simulate and select ASPs that respect this criterion. The dynamic interference process allows the eventual collision detection between tool and component and avoids it. The proposed approach reduces the AT change during the mounting operations.

Synthesis of Low Viscosity Polydimethylsiloxane Using Low Grade of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane

2021 ◽  
Vol 1028 ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Diba G Auliya ◽  
Soni Setiadji ◽  
Zulfi Mofa Agasa ◽  
Fitrilawati ◽  
Norman Syakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Polymerization Method

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been widely used as a vitreous humour substitution in vitreoretinal surgery. Due to its limited availability and increasing domestic needs, the price of PDMS in Indonesia became very expensive. Previously, we reported the synthesized of PDMS from a high grade of monomer of 98% of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and found that all PDMS samples produced high quality samples similar to that of commercial one. However, by considering the ease of obtaining raw materials and also the production costs, the synthesis of PDMS using monomer which easy to be found in Indonesia and low production costs is needed to be developed. Here, we reported the synthesis of PDMS using low grade of 96% of D4 in order to produce high quality of PDMS with low viscosity that can be used for vitreous humous substitution in vitreoretinal surgery. PDMS samples with low viscosity value of 0.94-1.35 Pa.s have been successfully synthesized from low grade of D4 and MM using ring-opening polymerization method. The yields of PDMS resulted in this research were in the range between 67.27% and 76.26%. From FTIR spectroscopy, it is found that all synthesized samples have structure and functional groups similar to PDMS using high grade of monomer of 98% Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). From refractometer and surfgauge measurements, all samples have refractive index in the range of 1,4034-1,4040 and the value surface tension was 21 m.N/m.

Using Key Characteristics to Balance Cost and Quality During Product Development

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Process Variation ◽  
Aircraft Manufacturing ◽  
Product Features ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Manufacturing Variation ◽  
Positive Return

Abstract Corporations are spending significant resources to reduce the effect of manufacturing variation on product quality as well as adopt lower cost manufacturing and assembly technologies to reduce the end costs in product development. However, to ensure that these investments have a positive return, efforts must be made to put resources into those areas where there will be the largest return. This paper describes a formalized method to make these decisions. The analysis focuses the tradeoff studies on the Key Characteristics (KCs) of the product. KCs, in use in a variety of industries, are the product features that are most sensitive to existing manufacturing and process variation and will affect the end quality of the product. Two examples from the aircraft manufacturing environment are used describe the application of the proposed methods.

scholarly journals Simulation of Holstein and Jersey profitability by varying milk price payment system

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel de Noronha Figueiredo Vieira da Cunha ◽  
José Carlos Pereira ◽  
Oriel Fajardo de Campos ◽  
Sebastião Teixeira Gomes ◽  
José Luis Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Payment System ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Bonus Payment ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Economic Indexes ◽  
Lower Production

The objective of the study was to compare through simulation Holstein and Jersey breed herds, considering the farm size, zootechnical and economic indexes and profitability of the activity, by using different systems of bonus payment for milk price based in percentage of fat and protein in the milk. The comparisons were made, initially, disregarding the bonus payment for milk price based on the increase in the fat and protein percentage in milk. After that, the profitability of the activity was compared considering bonus payment for milk price of the Jersey breed herd, for each unit increment in fat and protein percentage in milk above those obtained with the Holstein breed herd. Finally, the profitability of the activity was compared by using the bonus payment for milk price based on quality of that used by company A systems. When there was no bonus payment for milk price based in the percentage of fat and protein in the milk, the profit obtained with the Holstein breed was higher because of the lower production costs. In order to make the activity more profitable with the Jersey breed, a bonus payment of 5% for milk price would be needed for each percentage unit of fat above the percentage of that obtained with the Holstein breed, or a bonus payment of 10% in the milk price for each percentage unit of protein above the percentage obtained with the Holstein breed. By using the bonus payment system proposed by Gimenes and Ponchio, the annual profit with the Jersey breed was higher than the profit obtained with the Holstein breed. However, with the application of the bonus payment system used by company A, the Holstein breed became more profitable than the Jersey breed.

scholarly journals Strategies and facilities in order to improve animal welfare

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (suppl spe) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Jorge de Moura ◽  
Leda Globbo de Freitas Bueno ◽  
Karla Andrea Oliveira de Lima ◽  
Thayla Morandi Ridolfi de Carvalho ◽  
Ana Paula de Assis Maia Maia
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Art

To keep the position in being a world-wide exporter of chicken meat, Brazil must meet international quality standards, always seeking alternative resources of improvement, without increasing production costs, including litter quality, requirements of animal welfare and environment affairs, such as the use and reuse of broiler litter. Researches are performed in the areas of animal welfare, environment, animal behavior and use of modern climatization technology improving the quality of the environment created to raise broilers, also trying to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and global warming in the environment, becoming a sustainable production system. This paper has a bibliographic revision of the subject mentioned above, intending to show a state-of-art key factors related to a new concept of broiler environment and welfare.

Study of the Microbial Ecology of Wild and Aquacultured Tunisian Fresh Fish

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1762-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOUNA BOULARES ◽  
LOBNA MEJRI ◽  
MNASSER HASSOUNA
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

Eighty samples of fresh fish were collected in Tunisia and analyzed for microbial load. Quality and hygienic safety of the meat and intestines of wild and aquacultured fresh fish were determined. The mesophilic aerobic plate count and populations of psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and other psychrotrophic bacteria ranged from 5.67 to 7.29, 4.51 to 6, and 5.07 to 6.21 log CFU/g, respectively. For all microbiological determinations, bacterial counts were lower in meat than in the intestines of fresh fish. For all samples lower microbial populations were found in most of the wild fish than in the aquacultured fish. No isolates of the pathogenic genera Salmonella and Listeria were detected in any sample. Among the 160 strains of biopreservative psychrotrophic LAB and the 150 strains of spoilage psychrotrophic gram-negative bacteria identified by biochemical and molecular methods, Lactobacillus (six species) and Pseudomonas (six species) predominated. Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Carnobacterium (C. piscicola and C. divergens), Aeromonas, and Photobacterium were the most common genera, and Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Aeromonas hydrophila were the most common species. These findings indicate that the microbiological quality of fresh fish in Tunisia can be preserved by controlling pathogenic and psychrotrophic bacteria.

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